Assuntos
Listeriose/complicações , Choque Séptico/complicações , Doenças da Túnica Conjuntiva/microbiologia , Hemorragia Ocular/microbiologia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Listeriose/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Respiratória/microbiologia , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Choque Séptico/microbiologia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of management of pregnant women complicated with rubella and to evaluate the perinatal outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 67 pregnant women with positive IgM test for rubella were studied in the period from January 1st, 1990 to October 31st, 1997. Sixty-six of these women were followed until the end of gestation, in 4 patients an elective abortion was performed and 1 patient had a molar pregnancy. The effects of rubella on gestation and on the product were evaluated in sixty-one of the patients. Anti-rubella IgM was determined at birth and positive infants were subjected to evaluation by echocardiogram, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and ophthalmological study. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 24.7 +/- 5.5 years; 28 patients were primigravidae. Pregnancies were normal showing no complications due to the rubella episode. In 35 cases (52.2%), the viral infection occurred during the first trimester of pregnancy, in 23 cases (34.5%) during the second and in 9 (13.3%) during the third. Seventy-one percent of infants born to mothers infected during the first trimester of pregnancy were also infected, and 51.6% developed congenital rubella syndrome. The most frequent manifestations of CRS were: prematurity, low birth weight and alterations of the BAEP. CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico, rubella is still a cause of fetal damage, which shows the need for preventive strategies, such as universal vaccination, to avoid rubella infection during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Resultado da Gravidez , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/congênito , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/diagnósticoRESUMO
Near 70 per cent of Mexican women infected by the Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are between 15 and 44 years old, in this women sexual transmission are the most frequent route of infection. The objective of this article was to describe the obstetric course and perinatal repercussion of the HIV-Positive pregnant women with medical care at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico city between January 1994 to December 1996. Nineteen women were studied, sexual transmission was the route of infection in 16 of them. One had diagnostic criteria for AIDS, the others 18 had HIV asymptomatic infection. At delivery 18 a term products were born. The mean of the newborn weight was 3159 g. At moment of this report 4 children (22%) have been diagnosed as HIV infected, all of them dead during their first year of life.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Infecções por HIV/congênito , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Peso ao Nascer , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Soropositividade para HIV/diagnóstico , Soropositividade para HIV/transmissão , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnósticoRESUMO
A prospective study was done at the Clinic for Sexually Transmitted Diseases of the Department of Infectology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, in order to validate the fresh wet mount examination as a confirmatory test for vaginal candidiasis. Ninety six patients with cervico-vaginal infection were included, 22 of them had clinical candidiasis (22.9%). The fresh wet mount examination showed the presence of yeast and/or pseudomycelium in all 2 samples (100%). The presence of Candida in the cultures was confirmed in 18 of the 22 specimens (81.8). Negative in 71/96 (73.9%) (Three cultures were not processed). The fresh wet mount examination had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94.8%. The positive predictive value was 88.8% while the negative predictive value was 100%. It can be concluded that the fresh wet mount examination is very recommendable, useful, economic and easy to practice at the physician's office for the confirmation of vaginal candidiasis.
Assuntos
Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/diagnóstico , Vagina/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Microscopia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Esfregaço VaginalRESUMO
Measles is a highly infectious disease. In Mexico, nevertheless the postvaccine era, continue being an endemic disease. It has been described that measles increase the maternal mortality, because pregnant women have a more severe clinical course of the disease; measles also has negative repercussion on pregnancy, increasing the frequency of premature labor. We report two pregnant women complicated with measles, both of them had a clinical course of the disease and they didn't have obstetric or neonatal complications.
Assuntos
Sarampo , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Sarampo/complicações , GravidezRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and D virus infection among pregnant women attending a perinatal care hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus IgG antibodies (anti-HAV), hepatitis B virus markers (anti-HBcAg and HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) in pregnant women. In HBsAg positive cases. HBeAg and hepatitis D virus antibodies (anti-HDV) were investigated. All analyses were performed with the ELISA technique. RESULTS: Of the 1500 pregnant women studied. 93.3% were positive for anti-HAV IgG. The HBsAg seroprevalence was 0.26% and anti-HCV seroprevalence was 0.53%. There were no patients with HBeAg or anti-HDV. CONCLUSIONS: A higher seroprevalence of HBsAg was found in this study than in other studies of pregnant Mexican women. We propose that HBsAg screening become a routine prenatal test.
Assuntos
Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite D/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hepatite A/sangue , Hepatite A/imunologia , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/imunologia , Hepatite D/sangue , Hepatite D/imunologia , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/sangue , Prevalência , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
The cesarean section is associated with a high incidence of puerperal infections. The antibiotic prophylaxis in obstetric surgery may reduce infectious complications, nevertheless antibiotic prophylaxis only has proved to be effective in women with risk factors for the occurrence of infection. We made a comparative study of the prophylactic efficacy of the ceftriaxone a single dose versus cefazolin three doses, in women with risk factor for infection. There were enrolled 100 patients, 50 in each group. Six percent of the ceftriaxone group patients developed puerperal infections while 12% of the cefazolin group women developed this complication. The statistic analysis don't show difference between the groups. We consider the single dose prophylactic schema is better because its application is easier, administration is safety and reduces the risk of adverse reactions.
Assuntos
Cefazolina/uso terapêutico , Ceftriaxona/uso terapêutico , Cesárea , Pré-Medicação , Infecção Puerperal/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Cefazolina/administração & dosagem , Ceftriaxona/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapêutico , Endometrite/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Puerperais/tratamento farmacológico , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Cloranfenicol/administração & dosagem , Clindamicina/administração & dosagem , Endometrite/diagnóstico , Endometrite/microbiologia , Feminino , Gentamicinas/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Penicilinas/administração & dosagem , Transtornos Puerperais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Puerperais/microbiologiaRESUMO
Nosocomial infections (NI) are still a major cause of morbidity among gynecology & obstetrics patients (GOP). At the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), during 1989, there was an overall NI rate of 2.37 per 100 GOP discharged, while specific NI rates for the subgroups of puerperal and gynecologic surgery patients were 2.11 and 6.3 respectively. Endometritis and infected surgical wounds were the most frequent type of NI, having a multimicrobial etiology. There was a significant increase in hospital days of stay for those patients who developed NI. It is clearly necessary to improve the surveillance of NI as well as the collaboration among different wards dealing with GOP, in order to find more effective and efficient ways to prevent the development of NI.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Unidade Hospitalar de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia , Aborto Induzido/efeitos adversos , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Feminino , Hospitais Especializados , Humanos , México , Unidade Hospitalar de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia/estatística & dados numéricos , Perinatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/microbiologia , Gravidez , Infecção Puerperal/epidemiologia , Infecção Puerperal/microbiologiaRESUMO
Rabies infection in humans is still a major public health problem. A review of the literature shows 25 cases of pregnant human exposure to rabies virus. We report two patients with rabies exposure during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, that received immunization respectively with Vero cell vaccine and Fuenzalida vaccine. There were no repercutions in the products or in the mothers attributed to the prophylaxis, which appear safe when given during pregnancy. Because of the high likelihood of fatal disease following a rabid animal bite, this cases report supports the recommendation that pregnancy is not a contraindication to post-rabies exposure immunoprophylaxis.