RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive impairment, but whether this association is also present in extremely poor populations in Low Middle Income Countries settings remains to be studied. Understanding other drivers of cognitive impairment in this unique population also merits attention. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis using data from the "Encuesta de Salud y Bienestar del Adulto Mayor", a regional survey conducted in an extremely poor population of people older than 65 years old from 12 Peruvian cities in 2012. The outcome variable was cognitive impairment, determined by a score of ≤7 in the modified Mini-Mental State Examination. The exposure was self-reported hypertension status. Variables such as age, gender, controlled hypertension, education level, occupation, depression and area of living (rural/urban) were included in the adjusted analysis. We used Poisson regression with robust variance to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Data from 3842 participants was analyzed, 51.8% were older than 70 years, and 45.6% were females. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 1.7% (95% CI 1.3%-2.1%). There was no significant difference on the prevalence of cognitive impairment between the group of individuals with hypertension in comparison with those without hypertension (PR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.33-1.23). CONCLUSIONS: The association described between hypertension and cognitive impairment was not found in a sample of extremely poor Peruvian older adults.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/psicologia , Pobreza , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Disfunção Cognitiva/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Peru , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. There are few studies in Latin America, especially in primary care settings. Our objective was to determine the prevalence, stages, and associated factors of CKD in primary care setting. METHODS: We did a retrospective secondary analysis of a database from the Diabetes and Hypertension Primary Care Center of the Peruvian Social Security System (EsSalud) in Lima, Peru. We defined CKD as the presence of eGFR <60 mL/min and/or albuminuria >30 mg/day in 24 h, according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Factors associated with CKD were evaluated with Poisson Regression models; these factors included age, gender, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), hypertension (HTN), body mass index (BMI), and uric acid. Associations were described as crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: We evaluated 1211 patients (women [59%], mean age 65.8 years [SD: 12.7]). Prevalence of CKD was 18%. Using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the prevalence was 9.3% (95% CI 5.3 - 13.3) in patients without HTN or DM2; 20.2% (95% CI 17.6 - 22.8) in patients with HTN, and 23.9% (95% CI 19.4 - 28.4) in patients with DM2. The most common stages were 1 and 2 with 41.5% and 48%, respectively. Factors associated with CKD in the adjusted analysis were: age in years (PR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.04), DM2 (PR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.09 - 10.39), HTN plus DM2 (PR = 3.90, 95% CI 1.54 - 9.88), and uric acid from 5 to <7 mg/dL (PR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.31 - 3.19) and ≥7 mg/dL (PR = 5.19, 95% CI 3.32 - 8.11). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of CKD in the primary care setting population was high. CKD is more frequent in the early stages of the disease, and individuals with hypertension, DM2, older age and hyperuricemia have higher prevalence of CKD.
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Objetivos: Identificar las variables asociadas con la hipernatremia en pacientes adultos hospitalizados en el serviciode Medicina de un hospital general de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio modelo de casos y controles depacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de Medicina del Hospital Cayetano Heredia en el año 2013. Se calculó untamaño de muestra de 65 casos y 65 controles para obtener un OR de 3 con una potencia del 80% y una confianza del95%, apareados por época de hospitalización y Score Glasgow...
Objectives: To identify variables associated with hypernatremia in adult patients admitted in an internal medicineservice in a general hospital in Lima, Peru. Methods: Case-control study of patients admitted in the Internal Medicineservice of Hospital Cayetano Heredia during 2013. A sample size of 65 cases and controls, matched by date ofadmission and Glasgow coma scale, to obtain an OR of 3 with 80% power and 95% confidence was estimated...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diuréticos , Hipernatremia , Hospitalização , Incidência , Soluções Hipertônicas , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir la supervivencia y calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCt) en terapias de reemplazo renal (TRR) en un programa de financiación pública bajo una nueva idea de oferta de los servicios en el Perú (SIS). Materiales y Método: Estudio longitudinal de cohorte retrospectivo de pacientes con ERCt incidentes a hemodiálisis (HD), diálisis peritoneal (DP) o trasplante renal (TR) entre el 2008 al 2012 en un programa centinela del SIS. Resultados: Hubo 175 pacientes con TRR. La supervivencia general fue 95,1%; 91,3% y 87,9% al primer, segundo y tercer año respectivamente. El análisis multivariado de Cox mostró como únicas variables que influenciaron la supervivencia al sexo (varones mayor que mujeres) y la edad ( mayores o igual a 60 años, menor supervivencia que menores de 60). La calidad de vida al término del estudio (Karnofsky menores de 60 y/o fallecido vs. Karnofsky mayores o igual a 60 y vivo), estuvo únicamente relacionada a la edad (corte 50 años) y al tipo de TRR. Conclusiones: La sobrevida de estos pacientes es comparable a cualquier serie nacional o extranjera y solo depende de la edad y el sexo. La calidad de vida fue superior en quienes ingresaron con edad menor a 50 años y aquellos sometidos a TR.
Objective: To describe the effect on survival and quality of life of patients with End-stage renal disease (ESRD) in various renal replacement therapies (RRT) admitted to a public financing program in Peru (SIS). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort longitudinal study of ESRD patients on hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and renal transplantation (RT) between 2008 to 2012, in a SIS program. Results: There were 175 patients starting RRT. Overall survival was 95.1%, 91.3% and 87.9% for first, second and third year respectively. Cox multivariate analysis showed that the only variables that influenced survival were sex (men > women) and age ( ≥ 60 years, lower survival < 60). The quality of life at the end of the study (Karnofsky < 60 and / or deceased vs. Karnofsky ≥ 60 and alive), was only related to age (50 years) and type of RRT. Conclusions: The survival rate of patients in this program funded by the SIS program is comparable to any local or foreign series and only depends on age and sex. The quality of life was higher in those admitted with age <50 years and those undergoing RT.