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OBJECTIVE: The study reviewed the histology of cases of grade I meningiomas with spontaneous necrosis, grade I without necrosis and grade II meningiomas, to evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical factors of the patients' prognosis, while correlating the clinicopathological features with the clinical follow-up of the patients. METHODS: A review of 47 cases from the Department of Pathology of UNIFESP was performed and the samples were submitted to immunohistochemical examination with the p53 protein, Ki-67 cell proliferation factor and progesterone receptor markers. RESULTS: A greater expression was found in the progression of several degrees of aggressiveness for p53 and Ki-67, and a higher frequency of progesterone receptors in the lower degrees. CONCLUSIONS: The group of grade I meningiomas with spontaneous necrosis showed histological and immunohistochemical indexes that approximate those of the grade II meningioma. This suggests a worse prognosis for grade I meningiomas with necrosis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Meningioma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Encéfalo/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Gradação de Tumores , PrognósticoRESUMO
ABSTRACT The study reviewed the histology of cases of grade I meningiomas with spontaneous necrosis, grade I without necrosis and grade II meningiomas, to evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical factors of the patients' prognosis, while correlating the clinicopathological features with the clinical follow-up of the patients. A review of 47 cases from the Department of Pathology of UNIFESP was performed and the samples were submitted to immunohistochemical examination with the p53 protein, Ki-67 cell proliferation factor and progesterone receptor markers. A greater expression was found in the progression of several degrees of aggressiveness for p53 and Ki-67, and a higher frequency of progesterone receptors in the lower degrees. The group of grade I meningiomas with spontaneous necrosis showed histological and immunohistochemical indexes that approximate those of the grade II meningioma. This suggests a worse prognosis for grade I meningiomas with necrosis.
RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a revisão histológica de casos de meningiomas grau I com necrose espontânea, grau I sem necrose e grau II para avaliar os fatores histológicos e imunohistoquímicos de prognóstico dos pacientes, correlacionando informações no âmbito clínico-patológico com o seguimento clínico dos pacientes. Foi realizada revisão de 47 casos do Departamento de Patologia da UNIFESP e as amostras foram submetidas a exame imunohistoquímico com os marcadores proteína p53, fator de proliferação celular Ki-67 e receptor de progesterona. Verificou-se maior expressão na progressão dos diversos graus de agressividade para p53 e Ki-67 e maior frequência de receptores de progesterona nos menores graus. O grupo dos meningiomas grau I com necrose espontânea apresentou índices histológicos e imuno-histoquímicos que se aproximam dos meningiomas grau II. Isto sugere um pior prognóstico dos meningiomas grau I com necrose.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Meningioma/patologia , Prognóstico , Encéfalo/patologia , Seguimentos , Gradação de Tumores , NecroseRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the Toll like signaling pathway and atrophy after sleep deprivation (SD) in rat masticatory muscles: masseter and temporal. A total of 24 animals was distributed into three groups: Control group (CTL, n = 8), subjected to SD for 96 h (SD96, n = 8) and subjected to SD for 96 h more 96 h of sleep recovery (SD96 + R, n = 8). Histopathological analysis revealed the presence of acute inflammatory cells, congested vessels, fibrosis, and high cellularity in the skeletal muscle fibers from masseter and temporal submitted to SD. These morphological alterations were not observed in the control group since neither inflammatory cells nor congested vessels were observed to this group. In the group SD96 + R, the absence of inflammation was noticed to the masseter only. In this group, COX-2 and TNF-alpha downregulation were detected when comparing to control group. MyD88 and pIKK decreased in SD96 and SD96 + R groups being pNFKBp50 downregulatated in SD96 + R. MyD88 expression increased in rats submitted to SD96 and SD96 + R in temporal when compared to control group. On the other hand, pIKK decreased the protein expression in groups SD96 and SD96 + R while pNFKBp50 showed a decreased protein expression in group SD96 only. The activation of atrophy by means of MAFbx upregulation was detected in temporal muscle in SD96 and SD96 + R when compared to control. In summary, our results show that SD is able to induce morphological alterations in rat masticatory muscles. Toll like signaling pathway and atrophy play important roles in ethiopathogenesis induced by SD, being dependent of skeletal muscle type.
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Músculos da Mastigação/patologia , Transdução de Sinais , Privação do Sono/complicações , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo , Animais , Atrofia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Músculos da Mastigação/metabolismo , Ratos , Privação do Sono/genética , Privação do Sono/metabolismo , Receptores Toll-Like/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Melatonin has been described as a protective agent against cell death and oxidative stress in different tissues, including in the reproductive system. However, the information on the action of this hormone in rat uterine apoptosis is low. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on mechanisms of cell death in uterus of rats exposed to continuous light stress. Twenty adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: GContr (vehicle control) and GExp which were treated with melatonin (0.4 mg/mL), both were exposed to continuous light for 90 days. The uterus was removed and processed for quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), using PCR-array plates of the apoptosis pathway; for immunohistochemistry and TUNEL. The results of qRT-PCR of GEXP group showed up-regulation of 13 and 7, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes, respectively, compared to GContr group. No difference in pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Fas and Faslg) expression was observed by immunohistochemistry, although the number of TUNEL-positive cells was lower in the group treated with melatonin compared to the group not treated with this hormone. Our data suggest that melatonin influences the mechanism and decreases the apoptosis in uterus of rats exposed to continuous light.
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Apoptose , Melatonina/fisiologia , Útero/citologia , Animais , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Ritmo Circadiano , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Fotoperíodo , Ratos Wistar , Útero/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of FASL, FAS and FADD and caspase-3 in oesophagus, stomach and colonic tissues of mice irradiated in vivo by immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 adult male C57BL mice were distributed into four groups: Ami(-)/Rad(-): Mice received 0.5 ml of 0.9% physiological saline solution (PPS) intraperitioneally (i.p.); Ami(+)/Rad(-): mice received amifostine (400mg/kg i.p.) freshly dissolved in double-distilled water; Ami(-)/Rad(+): mice received 0.5 ml of PSS i.p. 30 min before a single whole-body radiation dose of 7 Gy; Ami(+)/Rad(+): mice received 0.5 ml of an aqueous solution of 400 mg/kg amifostine i.p.30 min prior to irradiation. All groups were assigned into subgroups sacrificed at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h after irradiation. RESULTS: In oesophagus and stomach tissues, we did not observe any difference between Ami(-)/ad(-), Ami(+)/Rad(-), Ami(-)/Rad(+) and Ami(+)/Rad(+) groups in the expression of FASL, FAS and FADD. The colonic tissue was the only to exhibit any difference in the expression of FAS and caspase-3 protein in the Ami(-)/Rad(+)group at 1 and 2 h. Amifostine increased FAS and caspase-3 immunoexpression when compared to the control. Immunoexpression for FASL and FADD was not remarkably different in colonic tissue. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results demonstrate that amifostine increases FAS and caspase-3 expression in colonic tissue of irradiated mice.
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Amifostina/administração & dosagem , Caspase 3/biossíntese , Colo/metabolismo , Animais , Colo/patologia , Colo/efeitos da radiação , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Camundongos , Protetores contra Radiação/administração & dosagem , Irradiação Corporal TotalRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep restriction (SR) could affect the mechanisms and pathways' essentials for cancer cells in tongue cancer induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in Wistar rats. METHODS: The animals were distributed into 4 groups of 5 animals each treated with 50 ppm 4 NQO solution through their drinking water for 4 and 12 weeks. The animals were submitted to sleep restriction for 21 days using the modified multiple platform method, which consisted of placing 5 rats in a cage (41 × 34 × 16 cm) containing 10 circular platforms (3.5 cm in diameter) with water 1 cm below the upper surface. The investigations were conducted using immunohistochemistry of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins related to apoptosis and its pathways. RESULTS: Although no histopathologic abnormalities were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeks of carcinogen exposure in all groups, in 12 weeks were observed pre-neoplastic lesions. Data analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in 4 weeks group for p53, and for bcl-2. Following 12 weeks of 4NQO administration, we found significant differences between SR and control groups in p53, bax, and bcl-2 immunoexpression. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that sleep restriction exerted alterations in proteins associated with proliferation and apoptosis in carcinogenesis.
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Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/análise , Carcinogênese , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/análise , Sono/fisiologia , Neoplasias da Língua/induzido quimicamente , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/análise , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/análise , 4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido/efeitos adversos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinógenos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/química , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucoplasia Oral/induzido quimicamente , Leucoplasia Oral/química , Masculino , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/induzido quimicamente , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/química , Quinolonas/efeitos adversos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Neoplasias da Língua/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterize the immunohistochemical expression of galectin 1, 3, and 9 in normal oral epithelium, oral squamous papilloma, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for galectins 1, 3, and 9 was evaluated in 8 samples of normal oral squamous epithelium, 15 samples of oral squamous papilloma, and 41 samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical data were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test followed by Dunn's test. For all analyzes, it was adopted the value of P <0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in galectin- 3 expression when comparing ordinary mucosa and oral squamous papilloma with the oral squamous cell carcinoma samples. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that galectin-3 is closely involved in malignant transformation of oral mucosa cells.
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Apples and their derivatives are rich in phytochemicals, including flavonoids (catechins, flavonols, quercetin) and phenolic acids (quercetin glycosides, catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins), vitamins, and fibers, that confer an important antioxidant property. Chemoprevention is defined by the use of natural or synthetic agents to interfere with the progression, reverse, or inhibit carcinogenesis, thereby reducing the risk of developing clinically invasive disease. The aim of this article is to present data generated from the use of apples as a chemopreventive agent in carcinogenesis using in-vivo and in-vitro test systems. Apple and its bioactive compounds can exert chemopreventive properties as a result of antioxidant activity and cell cycle control. However, future focus of research on apple such as identifying the specific phytochemical responsible for the anticarcinogenic effect, timing of consumption, and adequate amount of apples to achieve the best preventive effect using human large randomized-controlled trials is needed. Furthermore, animal studies are also relevant for better understanding the role of this fruit in human health as well as modulation of degenerative diseases such as cancer. Therefore, this area warrants further investigation as a new way of thinking, which would apply not only to apples but also to other fruit used as promising therapeutic agents against human diseases.
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Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Malus/química , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
Oral cancer is a common neoplasm world-wide. The incidence and mortality have increased over the past decades. It is characterized by poor prognosis and a low survival rate despite sophisticated surgical and radiotherapeutic modalities. Galectins are detected in a wide variety of tissues. The expression of galectins is modulated during the differentiation of individual cells and during the development of organisms and tissues, being altered in different physiological or pathological conditions including, carcinogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the role of galectins during the malignant transformation of oral cells, in order to understand their mechanisms of the action in a several cellular activities and test systems. Certainly, such information will contribute for understanding oral cancer pathogenesis.
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The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate genomic damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated oral mucosa cells from hairdressers using two different anatomic buccal sites: cheek mucosa and lateral border of the tongue. A total of 28 hairdressers and 30 health controls (non-exposed individuals) were included in this setting. Individuals had epithelial cells from the cheek and lateral border of the tongue mechanically exfoliated, placed in fixative and dropped in clean slides that were checked for the previously mentioned nuclear phenotypes. The results pointed out statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) of micronucleated oral mucosa cells from hairdressers in the lateral border of the tongue. Exposure to hair dyes caused an increase of other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, such as karrhyorexis, pyknosis and karyolysis in both the oral sites evaluated. In summary, these data indicate that hairdressers are occupationally exposed to agents that are genotoxic and cytotoxic. It seems that the lateral border of the tongue is a more sensitive site to the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of hair dyes.