RESUMO
El microscopista francés Louis Joblot (1645-1723), contemporáneo de Antoine van Leeuwenhoek y Robert Hooke, puede ser considerado uno de los padres de la protistología/microbiología. Su obra titulada "Descripciones y usos de varios microscopios nuevos" de 1718 contiene varias extraordinarias imágenes de protozoos en movimiento y en división binaria. Lamentablemente, algunas imágenes de dicha obra contenían figuras fantásticas, por lo que su legado fue rápidamente obscurecido. Sus experimentos sobre el fenómeno de generación espontánea marcaron un hito en el desarrollo de este debate y se adelantaron en casi siglo y medio a los experimentos de Louis Pasteur.
The French microscopist Louis Joblot (1645-1723), a contemporary of Antoine van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke, he can be considered one of the fathers of protistology/microbiology. His work entitled "Descriptions and uses of various new microscopes" of 1718 contains several extraordinary images of protozoa in motion and in binary division. Unfortunately, some images of this work contained fantastic figures, so his legacy was quickly obscured. His experiments on the phenomenon of spontaneous generation marked a milestone in the development of this debate and anticipated Louis Pasteur's experiments by almost a century and a half.
Assuntos
História do Século XVIII , Microbiologia/história , Bacteriologia/história , FrançaRESUMO
El Instituto de Higiene, fundado por el gobierno de Chile en 1892, aparte de sus funciones en el ámbito de la salud pública, participó activamente en la docencia de pregrado de Bacteriología de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. La cátedra de Bacteriología fundada en 1895 fue trasladada en 1902 a la sección de seroterapia de dicho instituto (uno de los cinco edificios que formaban el instituto). La cátedra permaneció en ese lugar por tres décadas, siendo trasladada en 1930 por el Dr. Hugo Vaccaro de vuelta a la Escuela de Medicina. Por otra parte, la cátedra extraordinaria de Bacteriología siguió ligada a dicho instituto y a su inmediato sucesor el Instituto Bacteriológico de Chile. Sin embargo, luego del incendio de la Escuela de Medicina en 1948, la cátedra ordinaria tuvo que retornar a sus antiguos edificios en la ribera del Mapocho y paralelamente la cátedra extraordinaria se trasladó a una nueva ubicación en Ñuñoa.
The Institute of Hygiene, founded by the Chilean government in 1892, apart from its functions in the field of public health, actively participated in the undergraduate teaching of Bacteriology at the School of Medicine of the University of Chile. The chair of Bacteriology founded in 1895 was transferred in 1902 to the serotherapy section of the mentioned institute (one of the five buildings that made up the institute). The chair remained in that place for three decades, being transferred by Dr. Hugo Vaccaro back to the School of Medicine in 1930. On the other hand, the Extraordinary Chair of Bacteriology continued to be linked to the said institute and to its immediate successor, the Bacteriological Institute of Chile. However, after the fire at the School of Medicine in 1948, the ordinary chair had to return to its old buildings on the banks of the Mapocho and at the same time the extraordinary chair moved to a new location in Ñuñoa.
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Bacteriologia/educação , Bacteriologia/história , Academias e Institutos/história , Universidades , ChileRESUMO
Este trabajo pretende dar a conocer el inicio y desarrollo temprano de los estudios fisiológicos en Chile. La fisiología, como disciplina científica, se comenzó a enseñar desde el momento mismo de la fundación de la Escuela de Medicina en 1833 asociada estrechamente a la anatomía e higiene. Las tres disciplinas eran enseñadas por el mismo catedrático. Su primer profesor fue el destacado anatomista chileno Pedro Morán, a quien continuaron los profesores Dr. Julio Francisco Lafargue y Dr. Vicente Padín del Valle. En un segundo período (1868-1901), la enseñanza de la fisiología se debilitó fuertemente, pues fue enseñada por varios médicos clínicos que no conocían en profundidad esta disciplina. Luego de este período inicial (1833-1900), que podríamos denominar etapa teórica, nació la denominada fisiología experimental con Teodoro Muhm, la cual, mediante clases con demostraciones experimentales y luego trabajos prácticos, intentaba acercar al alumno a la realidad del fenómeno fisiológico.
This work intends to present the beginning and early development of physiological studies in Chile. Physiology, as a scientific discipline, began to be taught from the moment the School of Medicine was founded in 1833, closely associated with anatomy and hygiene. The three disciplines were taught by the same professor. His first professor was the outstanding Chilean anatomist Pedro Morán, who was continued by the outstanding professors Dr. Julio Francisco Lafargue and Dr. Vicente Padín del Valle. In a second period (1868-1901), the teaching of physiology was severely weakened, as it was taught by various clinicians who did not know this discipline in depth. After this initial period (1833-1900), which we could call the theoretical stage, the so-called experimental physiology was born, which, through classes with experimental demonstrations and then practical work, tried to bring the student closer to the reality of the physiological phenomenon.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Fisiologia/educação , Fisiologia/história , Ensino/história , ChileRESUMO
This work intends to present the beginning and early development of physiological studies in Chile. Physiology, as a scientific discipline, began to be taught from the moment the School of Medicine was founded in 1833, closely associated with anatomy and hygiene. The three disciplines were taught by the same professor. His first professor was the outstanding Chilean anatomist Pedro Morán, who was continued by the outstanding professors Dr. Julio Francisco Lafargue and Dr. Vicente Padín del Valle. In a second period (1868-1901), the teaching of physiology was severely weakened, as it was taught by various clinicians who did not know this discipline in depth. After this initial period (1833-1900), which we could call the theoretical stage, the so-called experimental physiology was born, which, through classes with experimental demonstrations and then practical work, tried to bring the student closer to the reality of the physiological phenomenon.
Assuntos
Fisiologia , Chile , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Fisiologia/história , Fisiologia/educação , Humanos , Ensino/históriaRESUMO
Vicente Izquierdo Sanfuentes was a leading physician, researcher and academic of the School of Medicine of the University of Chile in the period 1881-1912. Dr. Izquierdo began his medical training at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile (1872-1875) and then received a scholarship to continue his studies with the prominent researchers Wilhelm Hiss (1875-1877) at the University of Leipzig and Wilhelm Waldeyer at the University of Strasbourg (1877-1879) in Germany. After returning to Chile, he was appointed first professor of Histology (1881), initiating the first course of this subject in 1883. His main academic achievements and his foundational role in the origin and development of biology in Chile stand out in his work.
Assuntos
Células , ChileRESUMO
This work describes the origin of the different locations that Casa de Orates (Madhouse) has occupied in Chile. The locations of this institution at the Yungay and Chimba neighborhoods area are specially analyzed. Moreover, the sad and poorly known incident involving the national Madhouse of Providencia is narrated.
Assuntos
Hospitais Psiquiátricos/história , Mapas como Assunto , Chile , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Psiquiatria/históriaRESUMO
This work describes the origin of the different locations that Casa de Orates (Madhouse) has occupied in Chile. The locations of this institution at the Yungay and Chimba neighborhoods area are specially analyzed. Moreover, the sad and poorly known incident involving the national Madhouse of Providencia is narrated.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/história , Mapas como Assunto , Psiquiatria/história , ChileRESUMO
The history of the location of the University of Chile Faculty of Medicine North Campus is derived from a farm of Pedro de Valdivia founder of the city of Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura and governor of the Reyno de Chile. This work narrates succinctly the history of this particular location from the Spanish Conquest period to present days.
Assuntos
Hospitais Universitários/história , Faculdades de Medicina/história , Chile , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Mapas como AssuntoRESUMO
The history of the location of the University of Chile Faculty of Medicine North Campus is derived from a farm of Pedro de Valdivia founder of the city of Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura and governor of the Reyno de Chile. This work narrates succinctly the history of this particular location from the Spanish Conquest period to present days.