RESUMO
In this study, we evaluated and forecasted the cumulative opportunities for residents to access radiotherapy services in Cali, Colombia, while accounting for traffic congestion, using a new people-centred methodology with an equity focus. Furthermore, we identified 1-2 optimal locations where new services would maximise accessibility. We utilised open data and publicly available big data. Cali is one of South America's cities most impacted by traffic congestion. METHODOLOGY: Using a people-centred approach, we tested a web-based digital platform developed through an iterative participatory design. The platform integrates open data, including the location of radiotherapy services, the disaggregated sociodemographic microdata for the population and places of residence, and big data for travel times from Google Distance Matrix API. We used genetic algorithms to identify optimal locations for new services. We predicted accessibility cumulative opportunities (ACO) for traffic ranging from peak congestion to free-flow conditions with hourly assessments for 6-12 July 2020 and 23-29 November 2020. The interactive digital platform is openly available. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: We present descriptive statistics and population distribution heatmaps based on 20-min accessibility cumulative opportunities (ACO) isochrones for car journeys. There is no set national or international standard for these travel time thresholds. Most key informants found the 20-min threshold reasonable. These isochrones connect the population-weighted centroid of the traffic analysis zone at the place of residence to the corresponding zone of the radiotherapy service with the shortest travel time under varying traffic conditions ranging from free-flow to peak-traffic congestion levels. Additionally, we conducted a time-series bivariate analysis to assess geographical accessibility based on economic stratum. We identify 1-2 optimal locations where new services would maximize the 20-min ACO during peak-traffic congestion. RESULTS: Traffic congestion significantly diminished accessibility to radiotherapy services, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. For instance, urban 20-min ACO by car dropped from 91% of Cali's urban population within a 20-min journey to the service during free-flow traffic to 31% during peak traffic for the week of 6-12 July 2020. Percentages represent the population within a 20-min journey by car from their residence to a radiotherapy service. Specific ethnic groups, individuals with lower educational attainment, and residents on the outskirts of Cali experienced disproportionate effects, with accessibility decreasing to 11% during peak traffic compared to 81% during free-flow traffic for low-income households. We predict that strategically adding sufficient services in 1-2 locations in eastern Cali would notably enhance accessibility and reduce inequities. The recommended locations for new services remained consistent in both of our measurements.These findings underscore the significance of prioritising equity and comprehensive care in healthcare accessibility. They also offer a practical approach to optimising service locations to mitigate disparities. Expanding this approach to encompass other transportation modes, services, and cities, or updating measurements, is feasible and affordable. The new approach and data are particularly relevant for planning authorities and urban development actors.
Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Radioterapia , Viagem , Humanos , Colômbia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Viagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Radioterapia/estatística & dados numéricos , Radioterapia/normas , Big DataRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a multi-causal disease characterized by the development of hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of pregnancy. Multiple risk factors have been associated with the development of PE. Moreover, it is known that these risk factors vary between populations from developed and developing countries. The aim of this study is to identify which risk factors are associated with the development of preeclampsia (PE) among Colombian women. METHODS: A multi-centre case-control study was conducted between September 2006 and July 2009 in six Colombian cities. Cases included women with PE (nâ=â201); controls were aged-matched pregnant women (nâ=â201) without cardiovascular or endocrine diseases for a case-control ratio of 1:1. A complete medical chart, physical examination and biochemical analysis were completed before delivery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of potential risk factors associated with PE. RESULTS: The presence of factors present in the metabolic syndrome cluster such as body mass index >31 Kg/m2 (ORâ=â2.18; 1.14-4.14 95% CI), high-density lipoprotein <1.24 mmol/L (ORâ=â2.42; 1.53-3.84 95% CI), triglycerides >3.24 mmol/L (ORâ=â1.60; 1.04-2.48 95% CI) and glycemia >4.9 mmol/L (ORâ=â2.66; 1.47-4.81 95%CI) as well as being primigravidae (ORâ=â1.71; 1.07-2.73 95% CI) were associated with the development of PE, after adjusting for other variables. CONCLUSION: Factors present in the cluster of metabolic syndrome and primigravidity were associated with a greater risk of PE among Colombian women. Understanding the role of this cluster of risk factors in the development of PE is of crucial importance to prevent PE and remains to be determined.
Assuntos
Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Análise Multivariada , Gravidez , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Objetivos: describir y analizar el perfil epidemiológico y los factores asociados al intento de suicidio en una muestra de la población Colombiana. Diseño: análisis secundario de la base de datos de la Primera encuesta nacional de salud mental y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Muestra: 25.135 personas fueron encuestadas. Se escogieron 21.988 personas de ambos sexos con edades entre 16 y 60 años, a quienes se les aplicó la escala de Zung para ansiedad y depresión. Se midieron 240 variables independientes. Medida de desenlace principal: reporte de intentos de suicidio en el último año y en la vida. Resultados: la prevalencia para intentos de suicidio en el último año y a través de toda la vida fue de 1,2 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 1,06-1,34) y 4,25 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 4,25-4,81) respectivamente. Con la técnica de regresión logística para variables policótomas, los intentos de suicidio en el último año estaban asociados con: edades de 16 a 21 años OR = 2,5 (IC 95 por ciento 1,5-4,2), depresión grave OR = 11,8 (5,1-27,3), moderada OR = 5,3 (3,1-9,0) y leve OR = 3,6 (2,4-5,8), niveles moderados y graves de ansiedad OR = 3,4 (1,8-6,7). Se encontraron resultados similares cuando se consideraron los intentos de suicidio a lo largo de la vida. Conclusiones: el intento de suicidio en Colombia tiene una prevalencia similar a la de otros países, la población con mayor riesgo tiene entre 16 y 21 años, presenta depresión o ansiedad, consulta al médico por 'nervios', es objeto de abuso verbal (particularmente en las mujeres) o tiene diferentes valores morales a los de su familia
Assuntos
Tentativa de Suicídio , ColômbiaRESUMO
La confusión alrededor del término Calidad de Vida es muy amplia y diferentes autores han intentado aproximaciones al concepto a partir de perspectivas a veces diametralmente opuestas. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar un marco de referencia para comprender las distintas maneras de entender este concepto, para finalmente llegar al plenteamiento de un modelo de Calidad de Vida según es entendido en la actuialidad. A pesar de que muchas de sus diferencias están lejos de ser superadas, la netualeza multidimensional de un constructo derivado de este modelo abre un campo de investigación muy interesante que ofrece tanto a pacientes como a clínicos un camino común para evaluar la efectividad de los tratamientos. Cinco perspectivas diferentes han contribuido a la evolución del término: a) el punto de vista psicológico, b) el concepto de utilidad, c) el concepto centrado en la comunidad, d) el concepto de reintegración a la vida normal y e) el principio de la distancia