RESUMO

Background: Previous infection with Adenovirus-36 (HAdv-D36) has been associated with adipogenesis and glycemic regulation in cell culture and animal models. In humans, HAdv-D36 antibodies correlate with increased obesity risk yet paradoxically enhance glycemic control across various demographics. This study assesses the association of HAdv-D36 seropositivity with obesity, lipid, and glycemic profiles among school-aged children. Methods: We evaluated 208 children aged 9-13, categorized by BMI z-scores into normal weight (-1 to +1), overweight (+1 to +2), and obese (>+3). Assessments included anthropometry, Tanner stage for pubertal development, and biochemical tests (relating to lipids, glucose, and insulin), alongside HAdv-D36 seropositivity checked via ELISA. Insulin resistance was gauged using Chilean pediatric criteria. Results: The cohort displayed a high prevalence of overweight/obesity. HAdv-D36 seropositivity was 5.4%, showing no correlation with nutritional status. Additionally, no link between HAdv-D36 seropositivity and lipid levels was observed. Notably, insulin levels and HOMA-RI were significantly lower in HAdv-D36 positive children (p < 0.001). No cases of insulin resistance were reported in the HAdv-D36 (+) group in our population. Conclusions: HAdv-D36 seropositivity appears to decrease insulin secretion and resistance, aligning with earlier findings. However, no association with obesity development was found in the child population of southern Chile.

Assuntos

Adenovírus Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Humanos , Chile/epidemiologia , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/virologia , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/virologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/virologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Insulina/sangue , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Human Adenovirus D-36 (HAdV-D36) promotes adipogenesis in cellular and animal models and may contribute to the development of human obesity. Induction of PPARγ by HAdV-D36 seems to have a central role in the maintenance of adipogenic status. There is limited information about epigenetic mechanisms contributing to this process in human adipose tissue. This study evaluated the expression of lncRNAs (ADINR, GAS5 and MEG3) and miRNAs (miR-18a and miR-140) involved in the adipogenic process in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of subjects with obesity with previous HAdV-D36 infection (seropositive) and unexposed (seronegative) subjects with obesity. METHODS: Individuals with obesity were grouped according to the presence of antibodies against HAdV-D36 (Seropositive: HAdV-D36[+], n = 29; and Seronegative: HAdV-D36[-], n = 28). Additionally, a group of individuals without obesity (n = 17) was selected as a control group. The HAdV-D36 serology was carried out by ELISA. Biopsies of VAT were obtained during an elective and clinically indicated surgery (bariatric or cholecystectomy). RNA extraction from VAT was performed and the expression of PPARG and non-coding RNAs was evaluated by qPCR. RESULTS: HAdV-D36[+] individuals had lower expression of anti-adipogenic lncRNAs GAS5 (p = 0.016) and MEG3 (p = 0.035) compared with HAdV-D36[-] subjects with obesity. HAdV-D36[+] subjects also presented increased expression of the adipogenic miRNA miR-18a (p = 0.042), which has been reported to be modulated by GAS5 through a RNA sponging mechanism during adipogenic differentiation. Additionally, an inverse correlation of GAS5 with PPARG expression was observed (r = -0.917, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that HAdV-D36 is related to non-coding RNAs implicated in adipogenesis, representing a potential mechanism by which previous HAdV-D36 infection could be associated with the long-term maintenance of adipogenic status, probably through the GAS5/miR-18a axis.

RESUMO

Dental implant success is threatened by peri-implantitis, an inflammation leading to implant failure. Conventional treatments struggle with the intricate microbial and host factors involved. Antibacterial membranes, acting as barriers and delivering antimicrobials, may offer a promising solution. Thus, this study highlights the potential of developing antibacterial membranes of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and silver nanoparticles (Ag Nps) to address peri-implantitis challenges, discussing design and efficacy against potential pathogens. Electrospun membranes composed of PHB microfibers and Ag Nps were synthesized in a blend of DMF/chloroform at three different concentrations. Various studies were conducted on the characterization and antimicrobial activity of the membranes. The synthesized Ag Nps ranged from 4 to 8 nm in size. Furthermore, Young's modulus decreased, reducing from 13.308 MPa in PHB membranes without Ag Nps to 0.983 MPa in PHB membranes containing higher concentrations of Ag Nps. This demonstrates that adding Ag Nps results in a less stiff membrane. An increase in elongation at break was noted with the rise in Ag Nps concentration, from 23.597 % in PHB membranes to 60.136 % in PHB membranes loaded with Ag Nps. The antibiotic and antibiofilm activity of the membranes were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. The results indicated that all PHB membranes containing Ag Nps exhibited potent antibacterial activity by inhibiting the growth of biofilms and planktonic bacteria. However, inhibition of C. albicans occurred only with the PHB-Ag Nps C membrane. These findings emphasize the versatility and potential of Ag Nps-incorporated membranes as a multifunctional approach for preventing and addressing microbial infections associated with peri-implantitis. The combination of antibacterial and antibiofilm properties in these membranes holds promise for improving the management and treatment of peri-implantitis-related complications.

Assuntos

Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Hidroxibutiratos , Membranas Artificiais , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Peri-Implantite , Prata , Prata/química , Prata/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Peri-Implantite/tratamento farmacológico , Peri-Implantite/microbiologia , Hidroxibutiratos/química , Hidroxibutiratos/farmacologia , Poliésteres/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Poli-Hidroxibutiratos

RESUMO

SUMMARY: Experimental healing studies in humans are complex and difficult to replicate in vitro. Hence, animal models are needed to study the different stages involved. The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is a model close to human physiology, including the lack of vitamin C synthesis, a precursor of collagen fibers for healing. The thermal injury in this animal makes it possible to study all the stages of healing, taking few days to show tissue repair in the processes with and without localized infection. The aim of this work was to systematize an experimental guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) animal model protocol for studies on healing with and without localized infection.

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Los estudios experimentales de cicatrización en humanos son complejos, difícilmente replicables in vitro, por lo que se hace necesarias modelos animales que permitan el estudio de las distintas etapas que ella implica. El cobayo (Cavia porcellus) resulta ser un modelo cercano a la fisiología humana, incluyendo la falta síntesis de vitamina C precursora de fibras colágenas para la cicatrización. La lesión térmica en este animal, permite estudiar todas las etapas de la cicatrización, mostrando pocos días en la reparación tisular, tanto en proceso con y sin infección localizada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue sistematizar un protocolo de modelo animal experimental en cobayo (Cavia porcellus) para estudios de cicatrización con y sin infección localizada.

Assuntos

Animais , Cobaias , Cicatrização , Queimaduras , Modelos Animais , Infecção dos Ferimentos

RESUMO

La infección previa por el adenovirus-36 (Ad-36) se ha asociado con el proceso adipogénico y el control glicémico en modelos experimentales de cultivos celulares y animales. En humanos, la presencia de anticuerpos contra Ad-36 ha mostrado aumentar el riesgo de obesidad y, paradójicamente, mejorar el control glicémico en diferentes poblaciones. Se evaluó la influencia de la seropositividad contra Ad-36 sobre riesgo de obesidad, el perfil lipídico y glicémico en una población de niños en edad escolar. Métodos: Doscientos ocho individuos de entre 9 y 13 años se agruparon según estado nutricional como normopeso (IMC z-score de -1 a +1), con sobrepeso (IMC z-score de +1 a +2) y con obesidad (IMC z-score > +3). Se evaluaron medidas antropométricas, desarrollo puberal según Tanner y parámetros bioquímicos (perfil lipídico, glucemia e insulina) y la seropositividad contra Ad-36. Se determinó la resistencia a la insulina (RI) según criterio para la población infantil chilena. La seropositividad contra Ad-36 se determinó mediante ELISA. Resultados: Hubo una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad en la población de estudio. La seropositividad contra Ad-36 fue del 5,4% en el grupo total, pero no se observó una asociación con el estado nutricional. No se encontró correlación entre la seropositividad contra Ad-36 y los parámetros del perfil lipídico. La insulina y la HOMA-RI fueron significativamente más bajas en el grupo Ad-36 (+) (p<0,001), no habiendo sido reportados casos de RI en el grupo Ad-36 (+) en nuestra población. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la infección previa por el adenovirus-36 afecta la secreción de insulina y la resistencia a la insulina, como se ha descrito anteriormente, sin embargo, no se observa correlación con el desarrollo de la obesidad infantil en la población pediátrica del sur de Chile.

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Previous infection with Adenovirus-36 (Ad-36) has been associated with adipogenic process and glycemic control in experimental models of cell culture and animals. In humans, the presence of antibodies against Ad-36 has been shown to increase the risk of obesity and, paradoxically, improve glycemic control in different populations. The influence of Ad-36 seropositivity on obesity risk, lipid and glycemic profile was evaluated in a population of school-age children. Methods: Two hundred eight individuals aged 9 to 13 years were grouped according to their nutritional status as normal weight (BMI z-score from -1 to +1), overweight (BMI z-score from +1 to +2) or obese (BMI z-score from -1 to +1). z-score > +3). Anthropometric measurements, pubertal development according to Tanner stage, biochemical parameters (lipid profile, glycemia and insulin) and seropositivity against Ad-36 were evaluated. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined according to criteria for the Chilean child population. Seropositivity against Ad-36 was determined by ELISA. Results: There was a high prevalence of overweight/obesity in the study population. Seropositivity against Ad-36 was 5.4% in the total group, but no association with nutritional status was observed. No correlation was found between Ad-36 seropositivity and lipid profile parameters. Insulin and HOMA-RI were significantly lower in the Ad-36 (+) group (p<0.001), and no cases of RI were reported in the Ad-36 (+) group in our population. Conclusions: Our results suggest that previous adenovirus-36 infection affects insulin secretion and insulin resistance, as previously described, however, no correlation is observed with the development of childhood obesity in the pediatric population. from southern Chile.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Adenoviridae/complicações , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/virologia , Glicemia/análise , Resistência à Insulina , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Chile , Antropometria , Estado Nutricional , Estudos Transversais , Medição de Risco , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/virologia , Lipídeos/análise

RESUMO

(1) Background: Gastric cancer, the fourth most common cause of death from tumors in the world, is closely associated with Helicobacter pylori. Timely diagnosis, therefore, is essential to achieve a higher survival rate. In Chile, deaths from gastric cancer are high, mainly due to late diagnosis. Progranulin has reflected the evolution of some cancers, but has been poorly studied in gastric lesions. Aiming to understand the role of progranulin in H. pylori infection and its evolution in development of gastric lesions, we evaluated the genic expression of progranulin in gastric tissue from infected and non-infected patients, comparing it according to the epithelial status and virulence of H. pylori strains. (2) Methods: The genic expression of progranulin by q-PCR was quantified in gastric biopsies from Chilean dyspeptic patients (n = 75) and individuals who were uninfected (n = 75) by H. pylori, after receiving prior informed consent. Bacteria were grown on a medium Columbia agar with equine-blood 7%, antibiotics (Dent 2%, OxoidTM), in a microaerophilic environment, and genetically characterized for the ureC, vacA, cagA, and iceA genes by PCR. The status of the tissue was determined by endoscopic observation. (3) Results: Minor progranulin expression was detected in atrophic tissue, with a sharp drop in the tissue colonized by H. pylori that carried greater virulence, VacAs1m1+CagA+IceA1+. (4) Conclusions: Progranulin shows a differential behavior according to the lesions and virulence of H. pylori, affecting the response of progranulin against gastric inflammation.

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori is the main bacteria associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Recent studies have reported that gastric microbiota might be modified by the H. pylori colonization, favoring gastric lesions' development. In Chile, the region of La Araucanía concentrates a high risk of gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori colonization, rurality, poverty, and Mapuche ethnicity. Hence, we aimed to identify the culturable gastric microbiota and characterize its variability at different stages of epithelial injury, based on its H. pylori colonization in dyspeptic patients from this Chilean region. Microaerophilic bacteria strains were isolated from antrum biopsies of 155 dyspeptic patients' biopsies and identified using MALDI-TOF MS or 16sRNA gene sequencing for non-pylori species identification, and UreC gene amplification for H. pylori confirmation. We found 48 species from 18 families, mainly belonging to Neisseriaceae (21.3%), Streptococcaceae (20.0%), Actynomicetaceae (9.0%), Enterobacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae (4.5%); however, Streptococcaceae and Actinomycetaceae families showed a significant reduction in samples infected with H. pylori, along with a considerably lower diversity of species. Our results revealed a microbiota modification due to H. pylori colonization associated with the gastric epithelial state, suggesting a potential microbiota role for developing and progressing gastric diseases.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Infection by Adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) has been associated with adipogenesis using cell and animal models, and a high risk of developing obesity has been reported in Ad-36-seropositive individuals. However, molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance over the years of adipogenesis associated with Ad-36 has not been investigated in human adipose tissue. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, have shown an important role in the development and maintenance of metabolic diseases. AIM: This study investigated the expression of miRNA associated with the adipogenic process in visceral adipose tissue from obese individuals according to Ad-36 serology. METHODS: Obese individuals were separated according to their status of Ad-36 serology in seropositive (Ad-36 (+); n = 29) and seronegative (Ad-36 (-); n = 28) groups. Additionally, a group of lean controls (n = 17) was selected to compare with obese individuals. Biopsies of visceral adipose tissue were obtained to evaluate miRNA and gene expression. The study of Ad-36 serology was carried out by ELISA. The expression of pro-adipogenic (miR-17 and miR-210) and anti-adipogenic (miR-155, miR-130 and miR-27a) miRNAs was evaluated using Taqman advanced miRNA assays by qPCR. The expression of adipogenes encoding LEP, ADIPOQ, and PPARγ was evaluated by Taqman predesigned assays through qPCR. RESULTS: The obese group had higher LEP (p < 0.001) and PPARγ (p = 0.016) expression and lower ADIPOQ expression (p = 0.017), and also had higher expression of miR-210 (p = 0.039), whereas lower expression of miR-155 (p = 0.019) and miR-27a (p = 0.028) as compared to lean controls. Higher PPARγ expression (p = 0.008), but no influence on LEP or ADIPOQ expression was observed in Ad-36 (+) group. Those seropositive individuals also had higher expression of the miR-17 (p = 0.028) and lower levels of miR-155 (p = 0.031) in adipose tissue as compared to seronegative subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with previous infection by Ad-36 had higher expression of the pro-adipogenic miR-17 and lower expression of the anti-adipogenic miR-155, which could lead to an increased adipogenic status by positively modulating PPARγ expression in adipose tissue from obese subjects.

Assuntos

Adenoviridae/classificação , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , Obesidade Mórbida/genética , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/virologia , PPAR gama/metabolismo

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) has been associated to adiposity in animal and in vitro studies. Ad-36 seropositivity has also been reported to contribute to obesity risk in children and adult populations. We investigated the relationship of Ad-36 serology with obesity and metabolic parameters in a Chilean population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical and anthropometric data were obtained and blood samples were drawn from 99 lean (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and 151 obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) subjects. Laboratory tests included lipid profile as well as glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. Ad-36 seropositivity was evaluated in serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Seroprevalence of Ad-36 was higher in the obese group (58%) than in lean controls (34%) demonstrating that individuals previously infected with Ad-36 have higher risk of obesity in the study population (OR: 2.67, 95%CI: 1.58-4.51, p < 0.001). Interestingly, Ad-36 was related to lower concentrations of triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol in lean subjects (p = 0.049) and lower leptin in obese individuals (p = 0.014). Previous Ad-36 infection was also related to lower glycemia, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) in obese subjects who were not under antidiabetic drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence of the contribution of previous Ad-36 infection to an increased risk of obesity in adult Chilean population. Ad-36 seropositivity was also associated to lipid profile, glycemic control, and leptin levels in adult Chilean population.

Assuntos

Infecções por Adenoviridae , Adenoviridae/imunologia , Glicemia/análise , Leptina/sangue , Obesidade , Infecções por Adenoviridae/complicações , Infecções por Adenoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/imunologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori colonizes half of the human population. Age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are factors that influence the prevalence of the infection. This is important in southern Chile, one of the most unequal regions in the world, where a significant difference in the health access of the population occurs due to the existence of two competing health systems. Moreover, in the last few years, current protocols of H. pylori eradication have shown high rates of resistance with reduced therapeutic efficacy. This study reported the epidemiology of infection and attempted to identify divergent points among the population beneficiaries of the two health care schemes in southern Chile. Biopsies from public (n = 143) and private (n = 86) health systems were studied. At the same time, clinical and sociodemographic factors were evaluated. H. pylori strains were obtained from gastric biopsies for culture and molecular testing. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method. Differences about ethnicity, rural residence, and education (p ≤ 0.05) were observed between beneficiaries of the two health systems. The prevalence of H. pylori was 45%, with no significant differences regardless of the socioeconomic conditions. The only identified risk factor associated with H. pylori infection was Mapuche ethnicity (OR (odds ratio) = 2.30). H. pylori showed high resistance rates, particularly against clarithromycin (40%), levofloxacin (43.1%), and metronidazole (81.8%). This study highlighted the importance of Mapuche ancestry as a risk factor in southern Chile and emphasized the need to search for new eradication strategies as well as further studies evaluating therapeutic efficacy.