RESUMO
Fungal sinusitis is a pathology that can occur in patients with diabetes mellitus and be associated with a hyperglycemic crisis. It is an aggressive entity with local complications that include involvement of the orbit or the central nervous system, and vascular involvement. Despite surgical and antifungal treatment, mortality raises up to 75%. We report the case of a female patient with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis and signs of unilateral ophthalmoplegia, which led to the study with magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system, finding signs of sinusitis, meningitis, and cerebritis. Initial microbiological studies were negative, and biomarkers such as serum galactomannan and Cryptococcus antigen were also negative. After surgical management and the identification of Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus spp. in sinus tissue, the patient received treatment with posaconazole and after two months of follow-up she presented clinical improvement. Dual fungal infection and infection by A. flavus are uncommon and clinically relevant entities, with no cases previously reported in our country, therefore this corresponds to a case of clinical interest.
La sinusitis micótica es una condición patológica que puede presentarse en pacientes con diabetes mellitus y estar asociada a una crisis hiperglucémica. Es una entidad agresiva con complicaciones locales que incluyen afectación de la órbita y el sistema nervioso central, y compromiso vascular. A pesar del tratamiento quirúrgico y antimicótico, la mortalidad es de hasta el 75 %. Se describe el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de cetoacidosis diabética y signos de oftalmoplejía unilateral que llevaron al estudio con resonancia magnética del sistema nervioso central; se encontraron signos de sinusitis, meningitis y cerebritis. Los estudios microbiológicos iniciales fueron negativos, y los biomarcadores galactomanano sérico y el antígeno de Cryptococcus también fueron negativos. Tras el manejo quirúrgico, se llegó a la identificación de Aspergillus flavus y Rhizopus spp. en el tejido de los senos paranasales. La paciente recibió tratamiento con posaconazol y, tras dos meses de seguimiento, había presentado mejoría clínica. La infección fúngica dual y la infección por A. flavus son entidades poco frecuentes y de relevancia clínica, sin casos presentados previamente en nuestro país por lo que este corresponde a un caso de interés clínico.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Rhizopus oryzae , Humanos , Aspergillus flavus , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
La sinusitis micótica es una condición patológica que puede presentarse en pacientes con diabetes mellitus y estar asociada a una crisis hiperglucémica. Es una entidad agresiva con complicaciones locales que incluyen afectación de la órbita y el sistema nervioso central, y compromiso vascular. A pesar del tratamiento quirúrgico y antimicótico, la mortalidad es de hasta el 75 %. Se describe el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de cetoacidosis diabética y signos de oftalmoplejía unilateral que llevaron al estudio con resonancia magnética del sistema nervioso central; se encontraron signos de sinusitis, meningitis y cerebritis. Los estudios microbiológicos iniciales fueron negativos, y los biomarcadores galactomanano sérico y el antígeno de Cryptococcus también fueron negativos. Tras el manejo quirúrgico, se llegó a la identificación de Aspergillus flavus y Rhizopus spp. en el tejido de los senos paranasales. La paciente recibió tratamiento con posaconazol y, tras dos meses de seguimiento, había presentado mejoría clínica. La infección fúngica dual y la infección por A. flavus son entidades poco frecuentes y de relevancia clínica, sin casos presentados previamente en nuestro país por lo que este corresponde a un caso de interés clínico.
Fungal sinusitis is a pathology that can occur in patients with diabetes mellitus and be associated with a hyperglycemic crisis. It is an aggressive entity with local complications that include involvement of the orbit or the central nervous system, and vascular involvement. Despite surgical and antifungal treatment, mortality raises up to 75%. We report the case of a female patient with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis and signs of unilateral ophthalmoplegia, which led to the study with magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system, finding signs of sinusitis, meningitis, and cerebritis. Initial microbiological studies were negative, and biomarkers such as serum galactomannan and Cryptococcus antigen were also negative. After surgical management and the identification of Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus spp. in sinus tissue, the patient received treatment with posaconazole and after two months of follow-up she presented clinical improvement. Dual fungal infection and infection by A. flavus are uncommon and clinically relevant entities, with no cases previously reported in our country, therefore this corresponds to a case of clinical interest.
Assuntos
Aspergillus flavus , Diabetes Mellitus , Rhizopus oryzae , Aspergilose , Sinusite , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas , MucormicoseRESUMO
Some hard ticks' species can act as vectors of a wide variety of pathogens of human and animal importance such as Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia spp. In Colombia, a total of forty-six tick species have been described, and some of them have been implicated as vectors of some infectious agents. The department of Cauca is one of the thirty-two departments of Colombia. Most of its population lives in rural areas and depends on agriculture as the main economic activity, favoring exposure to ticks and tick-borne pathogens. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the tick species and tick-borne pathogens circulating in this region. From August to November 2017, ticks were collected from dogs, horses and cattle from eight rural areas of four municipalities in the department of Cauca. All collected ticks were classified according to taxonomic keys and organized in pools. DNA was extracted from all tick pools for molecular confirmation of tick species and detection of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia spp. A total of 2809 ticks were collected which were grouped in 602 pools. Ticks were morphologically identified as Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato, Dermacentor nitens, Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. The molecular identity of A. cajennense s.l. was confirmed as Amblyomma patinoi. A total of 95% of the pools scored positive for members of the Anaplasmataceae family, of which, 7.8% and 7.3% were positive to Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp., respectively, being identified as Anaplasma marginale, Ehrlichia minasensis and Ehrlichia canis; and 16.1% were positive for Rickettsia spp. with high identity for Rickettsia asembonensis, Rickettsia felis and Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis. This is the first report describing the natural infection of ticks with rickettsial pathogens and the occurrence of A. patinoi ticks in Cauca department, Colombia.
Assuntos
Rhipicephalus sanguineus , Rickettsia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos , Animais , Cães , Humanos , Bovinos , Cavalos , Animais Domésticos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Rickettsia/genética , Anaplasma/genética , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/microbiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Nosocomial infections are an important health problem and cause of complications and death in hospitalized patients. This problem should be solved from the preventive angle, avoiding the spread of infections by designing disinfection methods based on the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor materials such as tin oxide (SnO2). The antimicrobial activity of UV light was tested by using inoculation with Candida albicans ATCC10231 on SnO2 thin films and counting colony forming units (CFU). The interaction of UV light with SnO2 was analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) and the extension to the Hubbard model (DFT+U) schemes to predict the electron behavior at the subatomic level. After exposure to UV light, C. albicans showed a reduction of 36.5% in viable cells, and when SnO2 was included, cell viability was reduced by 60.2%. Measurements of the electronic structure obtained by the first-principle calculations under the DFT and DFT+U schemes showed that the O-p orbitals mediate the oxidation process in the bulk semiconductor. By including the surface effects when cleaving the (1 0 0) plane, the three orbitals O-p, Sn-p, and Sn-s are the mediators. SnO2 films are promising antimicrobial coatings because UV light has a synergic activity with thin films, resulting in faster disinfection.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Candida albicans , Antibacterianos , Desinfecção , Humanos , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
This work aimed to study the effect of the combination of Sodium hypochlorite, the most used disinfectant by the vegetable industry, with a natural antimicrobial, benzyl-isothiocyanate (BITC), considering cutting surface and contact time, on the reduction of Salmonella in fresh-cut produce in washing operations under typical industrial conditions. Overall, the combinations of disinfectant and process parameters resulted in a mean reduction of Salmonella of 2.5 log CFU/g. According to statistical analysis, free chlorine and BITC concentrations, contact time and cut size exerted a significant effect on the Salmonella reduction (pâ¯≤â¯0.05). The optimum combination of process parameter values yielding the highest Salmonella reduction was a lettuce cut size of 15â¯cm2 washed for 110â¯s in industrial water containing 160â¯mg/L free chlorine and 40â¯mg/L BITC. A predictive model was also derived, which, as illustrated, could be applied to optimize industrial disinfection and develop probabilistic Exposure Assessments considering the effect of washing process parameters on the levels of Salmonella contamination in leafy green products. The present study demonstrated the efficacy of chlorine to reduce Salmonella populations in fresh-cut lettuce while highlighting the importance of controlling the washing process parameters, such as, contact time, cut size and concentration of the disinfectant to increase disinfectant efficacy and improve food safety.
Assuntos
Cloro/farmacologia , Desinfecção/métodos , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Lactuca/microbiologia , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Lactuca/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Salmonella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Verduras/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Verduras/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of human hematopoietic stem cells are conditioned by the microenvironment of the bone marrow, where they interact with other cell populations, such as mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells; however, the study of this microenvironment is complex. The objective of this work was to develop a 3D culture system by magnetic levitation that imitates the microenvironment of human HSC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood-hematopoietic stem cells and a non-tumoral endothelial cell line (CC2811, Lonzaâ) were used to develop organotypic multicellular spheres by the magnetic levitation method. We obtained viable structures with an average sphericity index greater than 0.6, an average volume of 0.5 mm3 and a percentage of aggregation greater than 70%. Histological studies of the organotypic multicellular spheres used hematoxylin and eosin stains, and an evaluation of vimentin expression by means of immunohistochemistry demonstrated an organized internal structure without picnotic cells and a high expression of vimentin. The functional capacity of human hematopoietic stem cells after organotypic multicellular spheres culture was evaluated by multipotency tests, and it was demonstrated that 3D structures without exogenous Flt3L are autonomous in the maintenance of multipotency of human hematopoietic stem cells. CONCLUSIONS: We developed organotypic multicellular spheres from normal human cells that mimic the microenvironment of the human hematopoietic stem cells. These structures are the prototype for the development of complex organoids that allow the further study of the biology of normal human stem cells and their potential in regenerative medicine.
RESUMO
Adipsic diabetes insipidus is an infrequent disease which may be associated with craniopharyngioma. It may be secondary to the tumour's extension, as well as to resection of the mass. We present the case of a 24-year-old woman with a history of delayed puberty and hypothyroidism, but no prior study reports. She consulted due to a headache with warning signs associated with altered visual acuity. Brain MRI was performed which showed signs of a non-adenomatous lesion with suprasellar and hypothalamic extension. Following transcranial surgery, she developed diabetes insipidus criteria, with absence of thirst documented during the hospitalisation. The histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma. The patient was treated with desmopressin and received recommendations regarding rehydration according to the quantification of losses, with electrolyte stabilisation.
Assuntos
Craniofaringioma/cirurgia , Diabetes Insípido/etiologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/cirurgia , Antidiuréticos/administração & dosagem , Craniofaringioma/complicações , Craniofaringioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Craniofaringioma/patologia , Desamino Arginina Vasopressina/administração & dosagem , Diabetes Insípido/diagnóstico , Diabetes Insípido/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/complicações , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Prednisolona/administração & dosagem , Sódio/sangue , Sede , Tiroxina/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El síndrome de Devic, también conocido como trastorno del espectro de la neuromielitis óptica (NMOSD, por sus sigla en inglés), es considerado una enfermedad inflamatoria, desmielinizante y autoinmune del sistema nervioso central que afecta en su mayoría los nervios ópticos, el quiasma óptico y la médula espinal. Si bien en algunos casos se puede simular un cuadro clínico similar a esclerosis múltiple, hoy en día se conocen aspectos imagenológicos, inmunológicos y patológicos que permiten establecer las diferencias entre estas dos entidades. Se presenta el caso de una mujer adulta mayor con antecedente de síndrome de Sjögren en manejo ambulatorio con corticoide y azatioprina, quien ingresa por cuadro clínico de mes y medio de evolución consistente en disestesias de predominio en miembros inferiores, alteración de la marcha y compromiso visual. Ante el compromiso neurológico, se decide realizar imágenes diagnósticas y perfil inmunológico, con reportes de resonancia magnética nuclear cervical y torácica con contraste que evidencian mielitis multifocal por compromiso cervical y torácico a nivel de C4 en T7-T8 con hiperdensidad centromedular sin realce, además de autoanticuerpos séricos dirigidos contra el canal acuaporínico (AQP4) positivos, dando así el diagnóstico de NMOSD.Se inició manejo con pulsos de metilprednisolona concomitantemente con plasmaféresis completando cinco sesiones. Sin embargo, ante la persistencia del cuadro clínico se inició manejo con un agente biológico selectivo que bloquea la actividad de los linfocitos B tipo rituximab con resolución parcial de los síntomas. Se discute, además, la evolución clínica e imagenológica de este caso ejemplar, así como los avances más notables en el diagnóstico y manejo
Devic's Syndrome, known as Optic Neuromyelitis Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), is considered an inflammatory, demyelinating and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that mainly affects the optic nerves, the optic chiasm and the spinal cord. Although the said syndrome can sometimes simulate multiple sclerosis (MS), nowadays there are imagining, immunological and pathological aspects that allow to establish the differences between these two entities. In the present paper, the case an older adult woman with a history of Sjögren's syndrome in ambulatory care with corticosteroid and azathioprine, who is admitted for a month and a half of evolution consisting of dysesthesias of predominance in the lower limbs, ambulation impairment and visual compromise is presented . In view of the neurological compromise, it was decided to perform diagnostic imaging and immunological profile. The imaging suggested a report of cervical and thoracic MRI with contrast with evidence of multifocal myelitis due to cervical and thoracic involvement at the level of C4 and T7-T8, with a report of serum autoantibodies directed against the positive aquaporic channel (AQP4). All of the above is consistent with the diagnosis of Devic Syndrome or NMOSD. Treatment was implemented through methylprednisolone pulses alternated with plasmapheresis. Five sessions of the said treatment were completed. Given the persistence of the clinical picture, treatment with rituximab was initiated resulting in partial improvement of the symptoms. The clinical and imaging evolution of this case is also discussed, as well as breakingthrough advan-ces in its diagnosis and management
O síndrome de Devic, convencido cómo Transtorno do espectro da neuromielite ótica ou NMOSD pelo Nome em ingles é considerado uma doença inflamatória, desmielinizante e autoimune do sistema nervioso central (SNC) que afeta principalmente os nervos óticos, o quiasma ótico e a mêdula espinhal; embora em alguns casos pode se apresentar como sendo un caso clínico de esclerosis múltipla, hoje existem aspectos imagemológicos, inmunológicos e patológicos para diferenciar entre as duas condições. Apresentam-se o caso de una mulher idosa com antecedente de Síndrome de Sjögren com tratamento ambulatorio de corticoides, ingresada por quadro clínico de un mês e meio de evoluçao más disestêsias nos miembros inferiores com alteraçao para caminhada e comprometimento visual. Perante essa alteraçao neurológica, decide-se realizar imagens diagnósticas e perfil inmunológico com reporte de RMN cervical e torácica com contaste evidencia de mielitis multifocal por compromiso cervical e torácico a nivel de C4 e T7- T8 com hiperdensidade centromedular sem realce, reporte de autoanticuerpos séricos dirigidos contra o canal acuaporínico positivos, o diagnóstico foi Síndrome de Devic ou NMOSD. Perante esse scenário inicoou-se tratamento com pulsos de metlprednisolona junto con plasmaférese, por cinco sessões. No entanto, perante persistência do quadro clínico, inicoouse tratamento com agente biológico selectivo que bloqueia a atividade dos linfositos B tipo rituximab com resoluçao parcial dos síntomas. Discute-se a evoluçao clínica deste caso exemplar, mesmo cómo os avanços mais notáveis no diagnóstico e tratamento.IntroducciónEl síndrome de Devic, ahora conocido como trastor-no del espectro de la neuromielitis óptica (NMOSD, por su sigla en inglés), es una enfermedad inflamato-ria, desmielinizante y autoinmune del sistema nervioso central (SNC) que en su mayoría y de forma simultá-nea afecta los nervios ópticos, el quiasma óptico y la médula espinal (1). En los hallazgos imagenológicos en resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral se evi-dencian lesiones mielínicas trasversas extensas longi-tudinales en tres o más segmentos vertebrales (2).El NMOSD fue reportado por primera vez en el siglo XIX, hacia 1894, luego de un reporte de caso; en esa ocasión se nombró síndrome de Devic y se describió como una variante de esclerosis múltiple (EM) (3,4). Keywords: Devic syndrome. Optic neuromyelitis, multiple sclerosis, antiacuaporin 4 antibodies, methylprednisolone, corticoid, plasmapheresis, rituximab Palavras Chave: sindrome de Devic, neuromielite óptica, esclerosis múltipla, anticorpos antiacuaporina 4, metlprednisolona, corticoides, plasmaférese, rituximab.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neuromielite Óptica , Doenças AutoimunesRESUMO
RESUMEN La investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar cuáles son las condiciones témporo-espaciales que tienen los niños, en un rango de edad de 14 a 16 años, residentes en una copropiedad horizontal, que consta de tres Bloques o Edificios residenciales, una administración, áreas comunes, delimitación por paredes y un sistema de vigilancia. El problema que se identificó consiste en las condiciones de soledad, el confinamiento a la habitación, la adicción a los videojuegos y las tensiones con padres que tienen los adolescentes para ampliar su temporalidad y su espacialidad. La metodología empleada fue la de Núcleos de Educación Social -NES-. La estrategia que se empleó para poder identificar las condiciones témporo-espaciales fue a través de la conformación de un grupo focal, donde participaron 4 adolescentes. Los principales hallazgos hacen referencia de cómo las relaciones entre padres de familia y sus hijos adolescentes establecen límites al desarrollo de la espacialidad y la temporalidad.
SUMMARY This research aimed to identify what are the temporo-spatial conditions that children have in a range of age from 14 years to 16 years when they are residents of a horizontal co-ownership that has three blocks or residential buildings, walls, and a surveillance system. The problem identified is the conditions of solitude, confinement to the room, addiction to video games and tensions with parents that adolescents have to expand their temporality and spatiality. The methodology used was that of Social Education Nuclei, NES. The strategy used to identify temporomandibular conditions was through the formation of a focal group where 4 adolescents participated. The main findings refer to how the relationships between parents and their adolescent children establish limits to the development of the spatiality and temporality.
RESUMO
Resumen El citomegalovirus (CMV) es uno de los microorganismos oportunistas con mayor prevalencia en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, aunque su reactivación ha descendido después de la introducción de la terapia antirretroviral altamente activa (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, HAART). En las coinfecciones, la encefalitis se ha reportado como una de las condiciones más frecuentes. Se presenta el caso de un paciente adulto joven con infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) que tuvo un rápido deterioro neurológico evidenciado en síntomas y signos clínicos clásicos del síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff y que no presentaba factores de riesgo para deficiencia de tiamina. En las imágenes de la resonancia magnética cerebral, se detectaron hallazgos típicos del síndrome, y se identificó citomegalovirus (CMV) en el líquido cefalorraquídeo. Con el tratamiento específico para el CMV, se logró el control de los síntomas, aunque hubo secuelas neurológicas que mejoraron. Este es uno de los pocos casos reportados a nivel mundial de síndrome de Wernicke secundario a encefalitis por citomegalovirus.
Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the opportunistic microorganisms with the highest prevalence in immunocompromised patients. Reactivation has decreased after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Encephalitis has been reported in the coinfection as one of the most frequent presentations. We present the case of a young adult patient with HIV infection and rapid neurological deterioration due to classic clinical symptoms and signs of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, with no risk factors for thiamine deficiency, with images by nuclear magnetic resonance typical of the syndrome, and identification of cytomegalovirus in cerebrospinal fluid. The specific treatment for CMV managed to control the symptoms with neurological sequelae in progression towards improvement. This is one of the few cases reported in the literature of Wernicke syndrome secondary to cytomegalovirus encephalitis.