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Introducción: En varones, el estradiol circula en pequeñas concentraciones (8-40 pg/ml), sin estar del todo claras aún sus funciones. En este contexto, es necesario aclarar los efectos de esta hormona en el sexo masculino. Además de estudiarse el posible papel en la reproducción masculina, en los últimos años se ha tratado de encontrar la relación entre sus niveles y los componentes del síndrome metabólico. Sin embargo, la bibliografía existente no aclara si ejerce un papel protector o perjudicial con respecto a dicha patología. Objetivos: Analizar las relaciones existentes entre el estradiol y los componentes del síndrome metabólico en una muestra de varones excedidos de peso con síndrome metabólico de la provincia de Mendoza. Metodología: Se estudió a 40 varones con sobrepeso u obesidad y síndrome metabólico residentes en la ciudad de Mendoza, con edades entre 53 y 74 años, los cuales fueron evaluados a partir de una consulta médica de rutina. Se determinaron estradiol, testosterona, glucemia en ayunas, insulina en ayunas, índice HOMA, perfil lipídico y ácido úrico. Se evaluó el estado nutricional mediante antropometría: peso, talla, circunferencias, pliegues cutáneos y medidas derivadas. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante correlación de Pearson o Spearman según la normalidad de las variables y la prueba de la t de Student para muestras independientes. Se utilizó un nivel mínimo de significación de p < 0,05. Resultados: Los niveles de estradiol se correlacionaron negativamente con los valores de triglicéridos (r = -0,401; p = 0,013) y con la glucemia en ayunas (r= -0,333; p= 0,041). Por otra parte, los individuos normotrigliceridémicos (valor de triglicéridos < 150 mg/dl) mostraron valores mayores de estradiol que los hipertrigliceridémicos (p = 0,02). Conclusiones: Los niveles de estradiol muestran relación inversa con triglicéridos y glucemia en ayunas en varones con síndrome metabólico.

Introduction: Oestradiol circulates in low concentrations (8-40 pg/ml) in males, with its functions still not being entirely clear. In this context, there is a need to determine the effects it has on males. Apart from studying the potential role oestradiol has on male reproduction in recent years, efforts have been made to determine the relationship between oestradiol levels and metabolic syndrome components. Nevertheless, the existing bibliography does not clarify whether oestradiol plays a protective or detrimental role in this condition. Objectives: The present work aimed to analyse the relationship between serum oestradiol levels and metabolic syndrome components in overweight men from Mendoza. Methodology: The sample consisted of 40 overweight or obese males, aged 53-74, with metabolic syndrome, and living in the city of Mendoza. Based on a health routine check-up, they were evaluated by determining the levels of oestradiol, testosterone, fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA index, lipid profile, and uric acid. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements: weight, height, circumferences, and skinfold thickness. Statistical analysis was carried out using Pearson or Spearman correlation according to the normality of variables and the Student t test for independent samples. A minimum level of significance of P<.05 was used. Results: Oestradiol levels negatively correlated with triglyceride values (r = -0.401; P=.013) and fasting blood glucose (r= -0.333; P=.041). Furthermore, those with normal triglycerides (triglyceride values <150 mg/dl) showed higher oestradiol levels compared to those with high triglycerides (P=.02). Conclusions: Oestradiol levels show an inverse relationship as regards triglycerides and fasting blood glucose in men with metabolic syndrome.

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INTRODUCTION: Mate is the national infusion of Argentina and its properties on human health have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients supplemented with yerba mate. METHODS: 121 dyslipidemic subjects (total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDLC) cholesterol and / or triglycerides (TG) elevated) without lipid-lowering therapy, both sexes (74 women and 47 men) between 40 and 60 years old were studied. After six weeks of mate abstinence, lipid profile and atherogenic index (AI), body composition by anthropometry and recent intake of energy, nutrients and food groups by food frequency questionnaire were analyzed. Daily consumption of mate prepared with 50 g or 100 g of yerba mate was indicated, plus the instruction not to alter eating habits, smoking, medication or exercise. All determinations were repeated after six and twelve weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's T test for paired samples or Wilcoxon test according to normality of the variables (p <0.05). RESULTS: At the end of twelve weeks, TC fell 9.49% (21.66 mg/dL), LDLC fell 11.95% (17.96 mg/dL) HDLC fell 3.34% (1.65 mg/dL) and AI dropped 6.58% (0.31 points), p <0.001 for all cases. TG decreased 7.02% (10.74 mg/dl; p = 0.029) only in 50 g yerba mate consumers. Anthropometric and nutritional variables did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Daily consumption of mate produces a time-dependent decrease in TC and its fractions in dyslipidemic subjects.

Introducción: El mate es la infusión nacional de Argentina y sus propiedades en la salud humana no han sido totalmente aclaradas. Objetivos: Evaluar las modificaciones del perfil lipídico en pacientes dislipidémicos suplementados con yerba mate. Métodos: Se estudiaron 121 individuos dislipidémicos (Colesterol Total (CT), Colesterol LDL (CLDL) y/o Triglicéridos (TG) elevados) de ambos sexos (74 mujeres y 47 varones) entre 40 y 60 años, sin tratamiento hipolipemiante. Luego de seis semanas de abstinencia de mate, se analizó su perfil lipídico e índice aterogénico (IA), composición corporal a través de antropometría y consumo reciente de energía, nutrientes y grupos de alimentos a través de cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo. Se indicó el consumo diario de mate preparado con 50g o 100g de yerba mate. Se indicó no alterar hábitos alimentarios, tabaquismo, medicación ni ejercicio físico. Se repitieron las determinaciones luego de seis y doce semanas. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante prueba T de Student para muestras relacionadas o prueba de Wilcoxon según normalidad de las variables (p.

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Introducción: Estudios recientes indican que los varones obesos tienen menor concentración plasmática de antígeno prostático específico (PSA) que los que tienen peso normal, posiblemente debido a un mayor volumen plasmático (hemodilución) y/o a una menor actividad androgénica, dificultando la detección precoz del câncer de próstata. No está establecido claramente si esta relación se acompaña de menores cantidades absolutas dePSA. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la asociación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la concentración de PSA y sus cantidades absolutas circulantes (“PSA masa”). Material y Métodos: Se determinó PSA total en 570 varones de 45 a 80 años, con PSA considerado no sospecho-so de patologías prostáticas (<4ng/mL). Se evaluaron el peso, la talla y el IMC, se estimó el volumen plasmático (VP) y el PSA masa fue calculado a partir de la concentración plasmática de PSA y el VP. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante coeficiente de correlación de Pearson o Spearman según la normalidad de las variables (p<0,05). Resultados: El IMC se asoció significativamente con un mayor VP (r = 0,512; p<0,0001). Dado que las concentraciones de PSA se asociaron positivamente con la edad (r = 0,248; p<0,0001), se analizaro...

Recent studies indicate that obese men have lower plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations than normal weight men, which may probably be explained by higher plasma volume (hemodilution) and/or a lower androgenic activity. This may interfere with the ability to detect early-stage prostate cancer. It is not clear whether this relationship is accompanied by lower absolute amounts of PSA. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the body mass index (BMI), the PSA concentrations and the totalamount of PSA in circulation (“PSA mass”). Material and methods: The total amount of PSA was determined in 570 men aged 45-80 years, whose PSA values were not indicators of prostate disease (<4ng/mL). Weight, height and BMI were measured, plasma volume(PV) was estimated, and PSA mass was calculated taking into account plasma PSA concentrations and PV. The statistical analysis was performed using Pearson orSpearman/'s correlation coefficient according to the normality of the variables (P<0.05). Results: The BMI was significantly associated with a higher PV (r = 0.512; P<0.0001). Due to the positive correlation between PSA concentrations and age (r = 0.248;P<0.0001), partial correlations adjusted for...

Estudos recentes indicam que os homens obesos têm menor concentração plasmática de antígeno prostático específico (PSA) que os que têm peso normal, possivelmente devido a um maior volume plasmático (hemodiluição) e/ou a uma menor atividade androgênica,dificultando a detecção precoce do câncer de próstata. Não está estabelecido claramente se esta relação está acompanhada de menores quantidades absolutas de PSA. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a associação entre o índice de massa corporal (IMC), a concentração de PSA e suas quantidades absolutas circulantes (/"PSA masa/"). Material e Métodos: Determinou-se PSA total em 570 homens de 45 a 80 anos, com PSA considerado não suspeitoso de patalogias prostáticas (<4ng/mL). Foram avaliados o peso, a altura e o IMC, estimou-se o volume plasmático (VP) e o PSA massa foi calculado a partir da concentração plasmática de PSA e o VP. A análise estatística foi realizada mediante coeficiente de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman segundo a normalidade das variáveis(p<0,05). Resultados: O IMC se associou significativamente com um maior VP (r = 0,512; p<0,0001). Dado que as concentrações de PSA se associaram positivamente com a idade (r = 0,248; p<0,0001), analisaram-se as correlações parciais corrigidas para esta variável. Assim, o IMC se associou com uma menor concentração de PSA (r = -0,298;p<0,0001) e menor PSA massa...

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Los sistemas antioxidantes del cuerpo humano son capaces de remover a los radicales libres, protegiendo así al organismo del daño que estos pueden ocasionar, y pueden ser valorados en conjunto mediante la determinación del poder antioxidante total (TAS, por sus siglas en inglés). Este biomarcador es modulado por la alimentación mediante la incorporación de sustancias con propiedades antioxidantes o prooxidantes. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estimar la ingestión de nutrientes antioxidantes y grupos específicos de alimentos y correlacionarla con el TAS. Fueron seleccionados al azar 45 sujetos de sexo masculino, entre 50 y 75 años, de una consulta médica de rutina. El trabajo consistió en una evaluación de TAS mediante técnica ABTS más una entrevista nutricional donde se evaluó la composición corporal mediante antropometría y la ingestión habitual de nutrientes y grupos específicos de alimentos mediante un recordatorio de 24 h y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos validado para tal fin. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson o Spearman según la normalidad de la muestra (p<0,05). El TAS se correlacionó positivamente con el consumo de licopeno (r=0,295; p=0,049) y negativamente con la ingestión de carnes rojas (r= -0,403; p=0,007). Los demás nutrientes o alimentos no se correlacionaron con el TAS. Por lo tanto, una ingestión elevada de licopeno y un consumo reducido de carnes rojas ayudarían a mejorar el sistema antioxidante del organismo.

High intake of lycopene together with low intake of red meat increases the total antioxidant status. The body's antioxidant systems are able to remove free radicals, thus protecting the body from the damage they may cause. They can be estimated, as a whole, through the determination of total antioxidant status (TAS). This biomarker can be modulated by dietary factors through the incorporation of substances with antioxidant or prooxidant properties. The aim of this study was to estimate the intake of antioxidant nutrients and specific food groups, and its correlation with TAS. Fortyfive male volunteers between 50 and 75 years were randomly selected from a medical consultation. The study included a TAS determination by ABTS and a nutritional interview where corporal composition was studied through anthropometry and the habitual consumption of nutrients was estimated by means of 24 hour diary and food consumption frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient (p <0.05). TAS was positively correlated with lycopene consumption (r=0,295; p=0,049), and negatively with red meat intake (r= -0,403; p= 0,007), while intake of other studied antioxidant nutrients did not correlate significantly with TAS. In conclusion, high intake of lycopene and reduced red meat consumption increase TAS.

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The body's antioxidant systems are able to remove free radicals, thus protecting the body from the damage they may cause. They can be estimated, as a whole, through the determination of total antioxidant status (TAS). This biomarker can be modulated by dietary factors through the incorporation of substances with antioxidant or prooxidant properties. The aim of this study was to estimate the intake of antioxidant nutrients and specific food groups, and its correlation with TAS. Forty-five male volunteers between 50 and 75 years were randomly selected from a medical consultation. The study included a TAS determination by ABTS and a nutritional interview where corporal composition was studied through anthropometry and the habitual consumption of nutrients was estimated by means of 24 hour diary and food consumption frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient (p < 0.05). TAS was positively correlated with lycopene consumption (r = 0.295; p = 0.049), and negatively with red meat intake (r = -0.403; p = 0.007), while intake of other studied antioxidant nutrients did not correlate significantly with TAS. In conclusion, high intake of lycopene and reduced red meat consumption increase TAS.

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Recent studies indicate that adipose tissue and adipocytokines might affect the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Leptin would have a stimulating effect on prostate cancer cells by inducing promotion and progression, whereas adiponectin would have a protective effect. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between body composition, leptin, and adiponectin levels with the prevalence and aggressiveness of PCa in men of Mendoza, Argentina. Seventy volunteers between 50 and 80 years (35 healthy men as control group and 35 with PCa) were selected. The PCa group was subclassified according to the Gleason Score (GS). Digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound, and prostatic biopsy were performed; PSA, testosterone, leptin, and adiponectin levels were determined; and a nutritional interview including anthropometric measurements and a food frequency questionnaire was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed by Student t test, ANOVA I, and Bonferroni (p < 0.05). Body mass index and percentage of body fat mass were not statistically different between PCa and control groups. However, body fat mass was higher in subjects with more aggressive tumors (p = 0.032). No differences were observed regarding leptin levels between the groups. Nevertheless, leptin levels were higher in subjects with high GS (p < 0.001). Adiponectin levels showed no statistical differences regarding the presence and aggressiveness of the tumor (p = 0.131). Finally, consumption and nutrient intake did not differ in the studied groups. In conclusion, body composition and leptin are related to the PCa aggressiveness but not with its prevalence.

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OBJECTIVES: To determine whether lower serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration in obese men is caused by plasma hemodilution and/or decreased serum testosterone levels. METHODS: A sample of 413 men, from 45 to 75 years old, were randomly selected for the study among those who participated in prostate cancer screening at 2 urban urology practices in Argentina and Puerto Rico. Weight, height, serum testosterone and total PSA concentration were determined. Body mass index (BMI), body surface, plasma volume, and PSA mass were calculated. Prostate volume was estimated by transrectal ultrasound using the prolate ellipsoid formula. RESULTS: Mean age was 59 years old (range, 45 to 75) and mean BMI was 28.8 kg/m2 (range, 24 to 46). Mean serum PSA concentration was 1.43 ng/ml in normal weight patients (n=68), 1.4 ng/ml in overweight patients (n=222), 1.05 ng/ml in obese patients (n=114), and 0.85 ng/ml in morbidly obese patients (n=9). BMI was directly correlated with plasma volume (r= 0.687; p= 0.001) and inversely correlated with serum PSA concentration (r= -0.235; P= 0.001). PSA mass tended to be lower in obese and morbidly obese patients (P= 0.0063)compared to normal weight and overweight subjects. Serum testosterone concentration (P= 0.91) and prostate volume (P= 0.068) were similar among all BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS: Obese men had lower serum PSA concentrations than normal weight men mainly due to plasma hemodilution. PSA mass tended to be lower in obese patients, but it is unlikely a consequence of lower serum testosterone concentrations.

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INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. There is evidence that obesity and inadequate eating habits may promote CaP development. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the body mass index (BMI) and the food intake, especially fats and antioxidants, among subjects with CaP and those free of disease as a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 40 men between 50 and 80 years old were selected for the study: 20 with CaP and 20 healthy men as control group. All volunteers underwent a digital rectal examination, prostate specific antigen level, ultrasound and transrectal prostate biopsy, and a nutritional interview where a dietary history and different anthropometric measurements were made. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student T test for independent samples (p < 0.05). RESULTS: BMI in the subjects with CaP was higher than in controls (29.8 kg/m2 vs. 27.96 kg/m2, p = 0.13) but not statistically significant. However, there was a direct correlation between BMI and tumor aggressiveness (r = 0.79, P < 0.001). Total, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat intake was significantly higher in subjects with CaP; while omega3 fatty acids, vitamin C and lycopene intake was significantly lower than in controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A healthy weight and a diet low in total fat, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat and rich in n3 fatty acids, vitamin C and lycopene is associated with a lower risk of CaP.

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UNLABELLED: Numerous studies have investigated the association between obesity and prostate cancer (CaP), although the results have not been concluding due to the great difficulty to evaluate the effects of obesity on the development of this type of tumor. The aim of this study was to carry out a comprehensive over-view of the existing evidence about the role of adipose tissue in the prostate carcinogenesis. Recent evidence suggests that androgens, leptin, IL-6, VEGF, insulin and IGF-1 may play a role in PC progression, while adiponectin and IGFBP-3 may act as "anti-prostatic cancer" adipokines. The potential mechanisms by which obesity may initiate, promote or facilitate the progression of CaP are low levels of testosterone and high levels of estrogen, coexisting metabolic syndrome, increased secretion of leptin, VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-alpha and decreased adiponectin, and excessive intake of saturated fat. CONCLUSION: Obesity may promote the progression of established PC rather than being a risk factor for the development of this tumour. However, additional studies are needed to clarify the relationship between adipokines and PC before developing new preventive or treatment strategies for this tumor.

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BACKGROUND: Many studies have investigated the association between obesity, adipose tissue-derived factors (leptin and adiponectin) and prostate cancer (CaP) but the results are still inconsistent. METHODS: The aim of this study was to carry out a comprehensive review of the existing evidence about the role of leptin and adiponectin in prostate carcinogenesis and to provide an overview of it. RESULTS: Recent evidence suggests that leptin may play a rol in prostate cancer progression, while adiponectin may act as an "antiprostatic cancer" adipokine. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity may promote the progression of established prostate cancer and and adipokines may provide a molecular mechanism whereby obesity exerts its effects on prostate tumour biology.

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