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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the nasopharynx and oropharynx airway dimensions of Caucasians, Blacks, Japanese, Japanese Brazilians, and Black Caucasians. METHODS: A sample of 216 lateral radiographs of untreated young Brazilian subjects (mean age of 12.94 years; SD 0.88) were divided into five groups: Black Caucasian, Black, Caucasian, Japanese, and Japanese Brazilian. Lateral radiographs were used to measure the oropharynx (from the midpoint on the soft palate to the closest point on the anterior pharyngeal wall) and the nasopharynx (from the intersection of the posterior border of the tongue and the inferior border of the mandible to the closest point on the posterior pharyngeal wall). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were performed (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The linear dimension of the oropharynx was similar among the different ethnic groups. Caucasian individuals presented a significantly greater linear dimension of the nasopharynx than Black Caucasian and Black individuals. CONCLUSIONS: All the groups had similar buccopharyngeal values. However, Caucasian individuals had significantly higher values when compared to Black Caucasians and Black individuals.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático , População Negra , Cefalometria , Mandíbula , Nasofaringe , Orofaringe , População Branca , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Brasil/etnologia , Oclusão Dentária , Etnicidade , Japão/etnologia , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Nasofaringe/anatomia & histologia , Nasofaringe/diagnóstico por imagem , Orofaringe/anatomia & histologia , Orofaringe/diagnóstico por imagem , Palato Mole/anatomia & histologia , Palato Mole/diagnóstico por imagem , Língua/anatomia & histologia , Língua/diagnóstico por imagem , Grupos RaciaisRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to compare the nasopharynx and oropharynx airway dimensions of Caucasians, Blacks, Japanese, Japanese Brazilians, and Black Caucasians. Methods: A sample of 216 lateral radiographs of untreated young Brazilian subjects (mean age of 12.94 years; SD 0.88) were divided into five groups: Black Caucasian, Black, Caucasian, Japanese, and Japanese Brazilian. Lateral radiographs were used to measure the oropharynx (from the midpoint on the soft palate to the closest point on the anterior pharyngeal wall) and the nasopharynx (from the intersection of the posterior border of the tongue and the inferior border of the mandible to the closest point on the posterior pharyngeal wall). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were performed (p< 0.05). Results: The linear dimension of the oropharynx was similar among the different ethnic groups. Caucasian individuals presented a significantly greater linear dimension of the nasopharynx than Black Caucasian and Black individuals. Conclusions: All the groups had similar buccopharyngeal values. However, Caucasian individuals had significantly higher values when compared to Black Caucasians and Black individuals.
RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as dimensões das vias aéreas da nasofaringe e da bucofaringe de leucodermas, melanodermas, xantodermas, feodermas e nipo-brasileiros. Material e métodos: Uma amostra de 216 telerradiografias laterais de jovens brasileiros não tratados (idade média de 12,94 anos; DP 0,88) foi dividida em cinco grupos: melanodermas, leucodermas, xantodermas, feodermas e nipo-brasileiros. As telerradiografias foram utilizadas para medir a bucofaringe (do ponto médio do palato mole até o ponto mais próximo da parede anterior da faringe) e a nasofaringe (da intersecção da borda posterior da língua e da borda inferior da mandíbula até o ponto mais próximo). Foram realizadas análises de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). Resultados: A dimensão linear da bucofaringe foi semelhante entre os diferentes grupos étnicos. Indivíduos leucodermas apresentaram dimensão linear da nasofaringe significativamente maior do que indivíduos feodermas e melanodermas. Conclusões: Todos os grupos apresentaram valores da bucofaringe semelhantes. No entanto, os indivíduos leucodermas apresentaram valores significantemente maiores, quando comparados aos feodermas e melanodermas.
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Introdução: os enxaguantes bucais clareadores tem sido muito utilizados, porém sua eficiência e efeitos colaterais trazem questionamentos. Objetivo: este ensaio clínico teve como objetivo avaliar se o enxaguante bucal clareador, contendo peróxido de hidrogênio a 1,5%, apresenta ação clareadora e se há algum efeito secundário na cavidade bucal. Metodologia: foram selecionados 10 voluntários com idade média de 21,5 anos, submetidos a avaliação da cor dos dentes com auxílio do espectrômetro em 3 momentos: inicial; com 15 e com 30 dias de uso do enxaguante. A avaliação dos efeitos colaterais foi realizada a partir da coleta de saliva estimulada em 4 momentos: antes e depois ao primeiro uso do produto, com 15 e com 30 dias, e realizadas as análises laboratoriais: fluxo salivar; pH; quantidade de Streptococcus mutans e de Lactobacillus. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, comparação de cor pelo teste t dependente, comparação dos microrganismos pelos testes ANOVA de medidas repetida e Tukey. Resultados: as análises de cor dos dentes não evidenciaram nenhuma alteração significativa em nenhum dos tempos investigados. No fluxo salivar, pH e Lactobacillus não houveram alterações significativas. Na quantidade de Streptococcus mutans notou-se um aumento significativo quando comparado os valores após o primeiro uso e com 30 dias. Conclusão: a solução de enxague bucal contendo peróxido de hidrogênio a 1,5% não apresentou alteração significativa na coloração dos dentes e nenhum efeito colateral significativo na atividade cariogênica de acordo com os testes e períodos avaliados.
Introduction: whitening mouthwashes have been widely used, but their efficiency and side effects raise questions. Objective: this clinical trial aimed to assess whether the bleaching mouthwash, containing 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, has a bleaching action and whether there are any side effects in the oral cavity. Methods: 10 volunteers were selected, with a mean age of 21.5 years, who underwent tooth color evaluation with the aid of a spectrometer in 3 moments: initial; with 15 and 30 days of using the washes. The evaluation of side effects was performed from the collection of stimulated saliva in 4 moments: before and after the first use of the product, at 15 and 30 days, and laboratory analyzes were carried out: salivary flow; pH; the number of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Normal distribution was verified with Shapiro-Wilk test, comparisons of color were performed with t-test, comparisons of the microorganisms were performed with repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: the analysis did not show any significant changes in any of the investigated times. There were no significant changes in the salivary flow, pH and Lactobacillus. The number of Streptococcus mutans, was noted a significant increase when comparing the values after the first use and with 30 days. Conclusion: the mouthwash containing 1.5% hydrogen peroxide was not shown any significant alterations in the color teeth. There were not significant collateral effects on the cariogenic activity according to the tests and periods evaluated.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Testes de Atividade de Cárie Dentária , Clareadores Dentários , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Antissépticos Bucais , Streptococcus mutans , LactobacillusRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the impact of the use of face masks on oral hygiene habits; oral conditions self-perception; reasons to seek dental treatment; and esthetic concerns. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1346 participants answered a web-based survey with questions related to the aims of the study. Descriptive statistic was performed and the responses were analyzed with chi-square test and regression analysis. RESULTS: With the use of masks, toothbrushing frequency decreased significantly, and people are significantly less concerned about oral hygiene. The number of subjects that reported to have halitosis increased significantly and this was associated with a decrease in toothbrushing frequency. The greatest complaints of subjects were teeth color and alignment. The prevalence of bruxism increased significantly. Overall, 94.1% considered that esthetics is important to seek dental care even with the use of masks, and 84.2% are maintaining usual periodic dental care. People are significantly less concerned with their smile and dental esthetics with the use of masks. CONCLUSIONS: With the use of face mask, people must be motivated regarding maintaining oral hygiene habits. Some respondents will seek dental care only when masks were no longer necessary, therefore dentists must be aware of a reduction in the volume of patients. Key words:Dental health surveys, esthetics, oral hygiene, dental care, COVID-19, behavior.
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INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to evaluate the most common urgencies and emergencies in orthodontics during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to assess how orthodontists in Brazil were dealing with patients and challenges. METHODS: Early in 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic spread around the world, routine dental care was suspended in many countries, and only patients needing urgent or emergency care could be seen. During this period, orthodontists in Brazil were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Over 48 hours (May 1-3, 2020), 395 orthodontists (specialists, MScs, and PhDs) responded. They answered questions regarding dental office and appointments during the pandemic, the type of urgency or emergency care provided, the type of appliance and urgencies, etc. The level of concern about the impact of the pandemic on patients' orthodontic treatments and the financial impact on the dental office was also evaluated. Descriptive statistics were performed with percentages, and responses were compared between specialists, MScs, and PhDs, using chi-square tests. RESULTS: Specialists were the majority of respondents. Most orthodontists were handling only emergencies or urgencies. The most frequent urgencies were bracket breakage, archwire breakage, and breakage of molar tubes and/or bands. Stainless steel fixed appliances were the most common type of appliance related to unscheduled appointments. The majority of patients got in touch with the orthodontist using the professional WhatsApp messenger (WhatsApp Inc, Menlo Park, Calif). Orthodontists were more concerned with the financial impact of the pandemic than with the orthodontic treatment itself. CONCLUSIONS: Breakage of brackets, archwires, or tubes and/or bands were the most common causes of urgency and/or emergency appointments during the pandemic. The level of concern about the financial impact of the stay-at-home orders and the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly greater for specialists and MScs than for PhDs.
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Infecções por Coronavirus , Coronavirus , Ortodontia , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Betacoronavirus , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19 , Assistência Odontológica , Emergências , Humanos , Ortodontistas , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
This survey aimed to assess the concerns of students of health-related higher education in Brazil regarding distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic. A Google Forms anonymous questionnaire was sent by WhatsApp Messenger to students at a private university. Seven hundred and four students answered the questionnaire (566 female, 138 male, mean age = 23.09 years), reflecting approximately a third of the students in health-related disciplines. Students reported feeling anxious due to the pandemic. Most of the students agreed with having the ability to continue education through distance learning, but relatively few of them enjoyed it. Also, students were concerned that learning of clinical material and professional training would be impaired, and they were afraid of failing the year of education. Health-related higher education private institutions in Brazil should focus on reassessing and prioritizing their policies and protocols and include a detailed plan for the future.
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Atitude Frente a Saúde , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Educação a Distância , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The present study sought to evaluate the impact of quarantine resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental appointments and patients' positions and concerns regarding their ongoing dental treatment. Patients from private dental clinics answered an online questionnaire anonymously regarding their treatment, availability and willingness to attend dental appointments, and concerns about contamination. Descriptive statistics of the responses were performed with percentages and responses were compared between sexes, regions, and other aspects using the chi-squared test. Five hundred ninety-five patients (412 females and 183 males; mean age: 38.21 years) answered the questionnaire. Most patients reported they were receiving dental treatment (orthodontics) and would attend to a dental appointment; meanwhile, those patients not receiving treatment would not attend or would visit only in the case of an emergency. Males reported to be calmer than females, who were more anxious and afraid; as such, males reported more willing to go a dental appointment while, in general, females were not worried about how quarantine could affect dental treatment. Patients actively undergoing treatment and orthodontic patients were more concerned about a delay in treatment. There was a significant association between feelings about the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of willingness to attend a dental appointment. The quarantine recommended due to the COVID-19 pandemic was shown to have an impact on dental appointments and the anxiety levels of patients, since there was a significant association between patients' feelings and their willingness to attend a dental appointment. Overall, patients undergoing dental treatment and orthodontics were more willing to attend an appointment and were more concerned about an increase in treatment duration.
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Ansiedade , Agendamento de Consultas , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Odontologia , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Quarentena , Adulto , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus pandemic and the quarantine in orthodontic appointments, and patients' anxiety and concerns about their ongoing orthodontic treatment. SETTINGS AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Patients from private dental clinics of two orthodontists that were undergoing active orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An online anonymous questionnaire regarding their anxiety about the coronavirus situation, availability/acceptance to attend an appointment, among others, was answered by orthodontic patients. Descriptive statistics with percentages was performed and responses were compared between sexes, cities, and association of the feelings/level of anxiety of patients and willingness to attend an appointment were performed with chi-square, independent t test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 354 patients (231 female; 123 male) with mean age of 35.49 years. Most patients are respecting the quarantine, 44.7% related to be calm and 46.3% afraid or anxious. The level of anxiety was greater for females than males. There was significant association of the level of anxiety and the willingness to attend an appointment. The greatest concern of patients was delay in the end of treatment. CONCLUSION: The quarantine and coronavirus pandemic showed to have impact on orthodontic appointments and patients' anxiety. Patients willing to attend an orthodontic appointment presented significantly lower level of anxiety than patients that would not go or would go only in urgency/emergency. Females were more anxious than males about coronavirus pandemic, quarantine and impact on their orthodontic treatments. Delay in treatment was the greatest concern of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
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Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus , Pneumonia Viral , Adulto , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Agendamento de Consultas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the impact of quarantine resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental appointments and patients' positions and concerns regarding their ongoing dental treatment. Patients from private dental clinics answered an online questionnaire anonymously regarding their treatment, availability and willingness to attend dental appointments, and concerns about contamination. Descriptive statistics of the responses were performed with percentages and responses were compared between sexes, regions, and other aspects using the chi-squared test. Five hundred ninety-five patients (412 females and 183 males; mean age: 38.21 years) answered the questionnaire. Most patients reported they were receiving dental treatment (orthodontics) and would attend to a dental appointment; meanwhile, those patients not receiving treatment would not attend or would visit only in the case of an emergency. Males reported to be calmer than females, who were more anxious and afraid; as such, males reported more willing to go a dental appointment while, in general, females were not worried about how quarantine could affect dental treatment. Patients actively undergoing treatment and orthodontic patients were more concerned about a delay in treatment. There was a significant association between feelings about the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of willingness to attend a dental appointment. The quarantine recommended due to the COVID-19 pandemic was shown to have an impact on dental appointments and the anxiety levels of patients, since there was a significant association between patients' feelings and their willingness to attend a dental appointment. Overall, patients undergoing dental treatment and orthodontics were more willing to attend an appointment and were more concerned about an increase in treatment duration.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Ansiedade , Agendamento de Consultas , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Quarentena , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Odontologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pandemias , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19RESUMO
Introduction: Class II malocclusions have several treatment protocols, and we are increasingly moving towards more conservative orthodontics, avoiding dental extractions whenever possible. A great alternative for treatment in standard II patients has been the use of mandibular protraction appliance, which promote correction of this malocclusion. In the article in question will be reported the use of the Twin Force Bite Corrector appliance in the correction of a unilateral class II. Objective: case report of malocclusion with mandibular propellant. Method: One-phase treatment with the use of a fixed orthodontic appliance associated with a fixed mandibular propulsion orthopedic appliance, Twin Force Bite Corrector (TFBC). Result and Conclusion: The treatment was able to promote the reduction of the overjet, obtaining a stable Class I molar and canine relationship with coincident midlines and the improvement of the soft tissue profile.
Introdução: As más oclusões de classe II apresentam diversos protocolos de tratamento, sendo que a cada dia mais estamos caminhando para uma ortodontia mais conservadora, fugindo sempre que possível de extrações dentárias. Uma ótima alternativa para o tratamento em pacientes padrão II tem sido o uso de propulsores mandibulares, que promovem uma correção dessa má oclusão. No artigo em questão, será relatado o uso do aparelho Twin Force Bite Corrector na correção de uma classe II unilateral. Objetivo: relato de caso de má oclusão com uso de propulsor mandibular. Método: tratamento em uma fase com a utilização de aparelho ortodôntico fixo associado a um aparelho ortopédico fixo de propulsão mandibular, Twin Force Bite Corrector (TFBC). Resultado e Conclusão: O tratamento foi capaz de promover a redução do overjet, obtenção de uma relação Classe I molar e canina estável com linhas médias coincidentes e a melhora do perfil do tecido mole.