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ABSTRACT Objective To identify dietary patterns and analyze factors associated with the consumption profile of socially vulnerable children, Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil, August 2019 to December 2021. Methods This was a cross-sectional study; sociodemographic, anthropometric and food consumption variables were collected, factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns; associations were analyzed using Poisson regression. Results Among the 567 children studied, two dietary patterns were identified, healthy and unhealthy; age ≥ 24 months (PR = 2.75; 95%CI 1.83;4.14), male gender (PR = 0.66; 95%CI 0.49;0.87) and maternal schooling ≤ 9 years (PR = 0.61; 95%CI 0.46;0.81) was higher in the healthy pattern; the unhealthy pattern was associated with age ≥ 24 months (PR = 1.02; 95%CI 1.01;1.03) and male gender (PR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.08;1.98). Conclusion The healthy pattern was more frequent in children aged ≥ 24 months, less frequent in male children and mothers with low level of schooling; children aged ≥ 24 months and males showed a higher prevalence of the unhealthy pattern.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar hábitos alimentarios de niños socialmente vulnerables y analizar su relación con factores vinculados al perfil de consumo de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. Métodos Estudio transversal de base poblacional llevado a cabo de agosto de 2019 a diciembre de 2021; se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y de consumo de alimentos, los patrones alimenticios se identificaron mediante análisis factorial; las asociaciones se analizaron mediante regresión de Poisson. Resultados De los 567 niños estudiados se identificaron dos hábitos de alimentación, "saludable" y "no saludable"; edad ≥ 24 meses (RP = 2,75; IC95% 1,83;4,14), sexo masculino (RP = 0,66; IC95% 0,49;0,87) y educación materna ≤ 9 años (RP = 0,61; IC95% 0,46;0,81) se asociaron al patrón "saludable"; el patrón "no saludable" se asoció con la edad ≥ 24 meses (RP = 1,02; IC95% 1,01;1,03) y el sexo masculino (RP = 1,46; IC95% 1,08;1,98). Conclusión El patrón "saludable" fue más frecuente en niños ≥ 24 meses y menos frecuente en niños varones y madres con menor educación; los niños de ≥ 24 meses y los varones tuvieron una mayor prevalencia del patrón "no saludable".

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar padrões alimentares e analisar fatores associados ao perfil de consumo de crianças em vulnerabilidade social, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, agosto/2019-dezembro/2021. Métodos Estudo transversal; coletaram-se variáveis sociodemográficas, antropométricas e de consumo alimentar, identificaram-se padrões alimentares por análise fatorial; analisaram-se associações mediante regressão de Poisson. Resultados Das 567 crianças estudadas, identificaram-se dois padrões alimentares, saudável e não saudável; idade ≥ 24 meses (RP = 2,75; IC95% 1,83;4,14), sexo masculino (RP = 0,66; IC95% 0,49;0,87) e escolaridade materna ≤ 9 anos (RP = 0,61; IC95% 0,46;0,81) associaram-se ao padrão saudável; o padrão não saudável foi maior em idade ≥ 24 meses (RP = 1,02; IC95% 1,01;1,03) e sexo masculino (RP = 1,46; IC95% 1,08;1,98). Conclusão Padrão saudável mais frequente em crianças ≥ 24 meses, menos frequente no sexo masculino e em mães de menor escolaridade; crianças ≥ 24 meses e do sexo masculino apresentaram maior prevalência do padrão não saudável.

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BACKGROUND: Vitamin, mineral, and metabolic deficiencies occur in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery, in the short and long term, and are worrisome intercurrences. AIMS: To evaluate the association of serum vitamin D levels with the lipid profile in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: Case series of patients assisted from 2010 to 2018, in a private hospital of medium and high complexity, who underwent bariatric surgery using sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass techniques, monitored by the same surgeon. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric data were collected preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 156 individuals, mostly female (75.6%) were monitored. The most frequent comorbidities were hepatic steatosis (76.3%) and hypertension (48.27). Regarding preoperative vitamin D levels, only 18.9% of the population had a satisfactory level (≥30 ng/mL). There was a reduction in weight and an improvement in the lipid profile after surgery. Significant correlations were observed between the lipid profile and vitamin D concentration only in the sample submitted to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique: negative correlation between total cholesterol and vitamin D two years after surgery; positive correlation between triglycerides and vitamin D one year after surgery; and negative correlation between high-density lipoprotein and vitamin D two years post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to routinely monitor vitamin D levels and lipid profile pre- and postoperatively in order to avoid damage associated with this vitamin deficiency.

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Abstract Objective To analyze the factors associated with children's linear growth, according to the different subsystems of the 6Cs model and Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory. Data sources Narrative review, carried out in the Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases, based on research using the terms Bioecological Theory, child growth, and risk factors, combined with the use of Boolean operators. Summary of findings According to the 6Cs model, proposed based on Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory, the determining factors of children's linear growth are in six interrelated subsystems - cell, child, clan, community, country/state and culture. The empirical studies included in this review made it possible to analyze protection and risk factors within the subsystems. Among the protective factors: are adequate birth weight and satisfactory weight gain, breastfeeding for six months or more; proper hygienic habit of hand washing, proper elimination of feces, and access to clean water. As risk factors: low, birth weight and size, prematurity, multiple deliveries, short interval between deliveries, non-exclusive breastfeeding until the 3rd month, frequency and severity of infectious processes and anemia, little parental education, short maternal statur, inadequate maternal nutritional status, domestic violence, family poverty, food, and nutritional insecurity, living in rural areas or at high altitudes. Conclusion Children's linear growth is determined by interrelated factors that encompass aspects prior to the child's birth, as well as socioeconomic, political, family and community issues.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with children's linear growth, according to the different subsystems of the 6Cs model and Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory. DATA SOURCES: Narrative review, carried out in the Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases, based on research using the terms Bioecological Theory, child growth, and risk factors, combined with the use of Boolean operators. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: According to the 6Cs model, proposed based on Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory, the determining factors of children's linear growth are in six interrelated subsystems - cell, child, clan, community, country/state and culture. The empirical studies included in this review made it possible to analyze protection and risk factors within the subsystems. Among the protective factors: are adequate birth weight and satisfactory weight gain, breastfeeding for six months or more; proper hygienic habit of hand washing, proper elimination of feces, and access to clean water. As risk factors: low, birth weight and size, prematurity, multiple deliveries, short interval between deliveries, non-exclusive breastfeeding until the 3rd month, frequency and severity of infectious processes and anemia, little parental education, short maternal statur, inadequate maternal nutritional status, domestic violence, family poverty, food, and nutritional insecurity, living in rural areas or at high altitudes. CONCLUSION: Children's linear growth is determined by interrelated factors that encompass aspects prior to the child's birth, as well as socioeconomic, political, family and community issues.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Vitamin, mineral, and metabolic deficiencies occur in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery, in the short and long term, and are worrisome intercurrences. AIMS: To evaluate the association of serum vitamin D levels with the lipid profile in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: Case series of patients assisted from 2010 to 2018, in a private hospital of medium and high complexity, who underwent bariatric surgery using sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass techniques, monitored by the same surgeon. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric data were collected preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 156 individuals, mostly female (75.6%) were monitored. The most frequent comorbidities were hepatic steatosis (76.3%) and hypertension (48.27). Regarding preoperative vitamin D levels, only 18.9% of the population had a satisfactory level (≥30 ng/mL). There was a reduction in weight and an improvement in the lipid profile after surgery. Significant correlations were observed between the lipid profile and vitamin D concentration only in the sample submitted to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique: negative correlation between total cholesterol and vitamin D two years after surgery; positive correlation between triglycerides and vitamin D one year after surgery; and negative correlation between high-density lipoprotein and vitamin D two years post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to routinely monitor vitamin D levels and lipid profile pre- and postoperatively in order to avoid damage associated with this vitamin deficiency.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Deficiências vitamínicas, minerais e metabólicas ocorrem no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica, a curto e longo prazo, sendo intercorrências preocupantes. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação dos níveis séricos de vitamina D com o perfil lipídico, em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: Série de casos de pacientes atendidos de 2010 até 2018, em hospital privado de média e alta complexidade, submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica pelas técnicas da gastrectomia vertical e derivação gástrica em Y de Roux, acompanhados pelo mesmo cirurgião. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, dados laboratoriais e antropométricos no pré-operatório, 6 meses, 12 meses e 24 meses após cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 156 indivíduos, maioria sexo feminino (75,6%), comorbidades mais frequentes foram esteatose hepática (76,3%) e hipertensão (48,27). Em relação aos níveis de vitamina D pré-operatórios, apenas 18,9% da população apresentaram níveis satisfatórios (=30 ng/mL). Observou-se redução do peso e melhora do perfil lipídico pós-cirúrgico. Sobre as correlações entre o perfil lipídico e concentração de vitamina D foram observadas correlações significativas apenas na amostra que passou pela técnica cirúrgica derivação gástrica em Y de Roux: correlação negativa entre o colesterol total e vitamina D após 2 anos de cirurgia; correlação positiva entre triglicerídeo e vitamina D 1 ano pós-operatório; e correlação negativa entre HDL e vitamina D 2 anos pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: é essencial acompanhar os níveis de vitamina D e perfil lipídico no pré e pós-operatório de forma rotineira a fim de evitar danos relacionados a deficiência dessa vitamina.

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Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are a serious public health problem in Brazil and comprise one of the causes of absence from work. However, its occurrence can be avoided if there is an early identification of cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: To investigate the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in employees of an industry in Alagoas and to investigate differences in their occurrence between the sectors of work. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional, carried out in February 2019, with employees from the administrative sector and the operational sector of an industry in Alagoas. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle data were collected. Altered blood pressure, anthropometric indicators of cardiovascular risk, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and personal or family history of chronic diseases were considered as cardiovascular risk factors. The statistical analysis was performed with the statistical package R, using the package Rcmdr. In order to ascertain possible differences between risk factors in employees of the administrative sector and the operational sector, the t test for independent samples was performed, when continuous variables, and the Pearson chi-square test was performed, when categorical variables, adopting a level significance of 5%. Results: 56 employees were evaluated, with a mean age of 33 ± 8.5 years. Of these, 80.4% were male, 62.5% were overweight, 58.9% consumed alcohol, 53.6% performed some physical activity and 51.8% had a cardiovascular family history. There was no difference in the occurrence of these factors between the sectors of work. Conclusion: The most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were overweight, alcohol consumption and presence of family history, with no difference being identified between workers in the operational sector and the administrative sector. However, the presence of these factors is worrying, mainly because it is a relatively young sample (AU)

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares tornaram-se um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e compreendem uma das causas de afastamento do trabalho. Entretanto, sua ocorrência pode ser evitada se houver a identificação precoce de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: Investigar a frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em funcionários de uma indústria de Alagoas e averiguar diferenças em sua ocorrência entre os setores de trabalho. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico, realizado em fevereiro de 2019, com funcionários do setor administrativo e do setor operacional de uma indústria alagoana. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e de estilo de vida. Consideraram-se como fatores de risco cardiovascular: pressão arterial alterada, indicadores antropométricos de risco cardiovascular, tabagismo, etilismo, sedentarismo e antecedentes pessoais ou familiares de doenças crônicas. A análise estatística foi realizada com auxílio do pacote estatístico R, usando o pacote Rcmdr. Para averiguar possíveis diferenças entre os fatores de risco em funcionários do setor administrativo e do setor operacional, realizou-se o teste t para amostras independentes, quando variáveis contínuas, e o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, quando categóricas, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 56 funcionários, com média de idade de 33 ± 8,5 anos. Destes, 80,4% eram do sexo masculino, 62,5% estavam com excesso de peso, 58,9% consumiam álcool, 53,6% realizavam alguma atividade física e 51,8% apresentavam antecedentes familiares cardiovasculares. Não houve diferença quanto à ocorrência desses fatores entre os setores de trabalho. Conclusão: Os fatores de risco cardiovascular mais frequentes foram excesso de peso, consumo de álcool e presença de antecedentes familiares, não tendo sido identificada diferença entre os trabalhadores do serviço operacional e administrativo. No entanto, a presença desses fatores é preocupante, principalmente por se tratar de amostra relativamente jovem (AU)

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RESUMO: Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares tornaram-se um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e compreendem uma das causas de afastamento do trabalho. Entretanto, sua ocorrência pode ser evitada se houver a identificação precoce de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: Investigar a frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em funcionários de uma indústria de Alagoas e averiguar diferenças em sua ocorrência entre os setores de trabalho. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico, realizado em fevereiro de 2019, com funcionários do setor administrativo e do setor operacional de uma indústria alagoana. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e de estilo de vida. Consideraram-se como fatores de risco cardiovascular: pressão arterial alterada, indicadores antropométricos de risco cardiovascular, tabagismo, etilismo, sedentarismo e antecedentes pessoais ou familiares de doenças crônicas. A análise estatística foi realizada com auxílio do pacote estatístico R, usando o pacote Rcmdr. Para averiguar possíveis diferenças entre os fatores de risco em funcionários do setor administrativo e do setor operacional, realizou-se o teste t para amostras independentes, quando variáveis contínuas, e o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, quando categóricas, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 56 funcionários, com média de idade de 33 ± 8,5 anos. Destes, 80,4% eram do sexo masculino, 62,5% estavam com excesso de peso, 58,9% consumiam álcool, 53,6% realizavam alguma atividade física e 51,8% apresentavam antecedentes familiares cardiovasculares. Não houve diferença quanto à ocorrência desses fatores entre os setores de trabalho. Conclusão: Os fatores de risco cardiovascular mais frequentes foram excesso de peso, consumo de álcool e presença de antecedentes familiares, não tendo sido identificada diferença entre os trabalhadores do serviço operacional e administrativo. No entanto, a presença desses fatores é preocupante, principalmente por se tratar de amostra relativamente jovem (AU)

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are a serious public health problem in Brazil and comprise one of the causes of absence from work. However, its occurrence can be avoided if there is an early identification of cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: To investigate the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in employees of an industry in Alagoas and to investigate differences in their occurrence between the sectors of work. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional, carried out in February 2019, with employees from the administrative sector and the operational sector of an industry in Alagoas. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle data were collected. Altered blood pressure, anthropometric indicators of cardiovascular risk, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and personal or family history of chronic diseases were considered as cardiovascular risk factors. The statistical analysis was performed with the statistical package R, using the package Rcmdr. In order to ascertain possible differences between risk factors in employees of the administrative sector and the operational sector, the t test for independent samples was performed, when continuous variables, and the Pearson chi-square test was performed, when categorical variables, adopting a level significance of 5%. Results: 56 employees were evaluated, with a mean age of 33 ± 8.5 years. Of these, 80.4% were male, 62.5% were overweight, 58.9% consumed alcohol, 53.6% performed some physical activity and 51.8% had a cardiovascular family history. There was no difference in the occurrence of these factors between the sectors of work. Conclusion: The most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were overweight, alcohol consumption and presence of family history, with no difference being identified between workers in the operational sector and the administrative sector. However, the presence of these factors is worrying, mainly because it is a relatively young sample (AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the sense of coherence (SOC), eating behaviour and nutritional status. DESIGN: It is a systematic review. SETTING: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct/Elsevier, LILACS/Bireme, SciELO and Google Scholar, using the indexed terms 'salutogenesis', 'sense of coherence', 'nutritional status', 'nutrition', 'eating behavior' and 'healthy eating'. The indexed terms were used in Portuguese and English according to the database searched. The data were extracted in a standardised way and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. PARTICIPANTS: Observational studies were included, with no limitations on the date of publication or language. RESULTS: After reading the titles and abstracts of 1855 articles, 107 full texts were retrieved, of which 27 were included. Of these, twenty-five were cross-sectional and two were longitudinal. The average score for Newcastle-Ottawa studies was 6 and most studies were rated as moderate and low quality. The cumulative sample size of all included studies was 28 981 adults and the elderly, aged between 18 and 81 years. The studies were carried out in fifteen different countries. Fifteen articles assessed eating behaviour/habit and twelve assessed nutritional status. Studies have shown that SOC has a positive relationship with an appropriate eating behaviour/habit. On the other hand, the relationship between SOC and nutritional status was controversial among studies. The heterogeneity of the data resulting from the use of different methods of evaluation of the outcomes of interest (nutritional status and eating behaviour) made it impossible to perform a meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: SOC was positively associated with adequate eating behaviour. However, it was not possible to establish a relationship between SOC and nutritional status.

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Objetivo:O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de um tempero à base de ervas em preparações proteicas como estratégia para a redução da ingestão de sódio por comensais atendidos em uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN). Material e Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em uma UAN de uma fábrica. O tempero à base de ervas foi desenvolvido com o auxílio das cozinheiras da unidade. A composição nutricional das preparações proteicas foi determinada com o auxílio de tabelas de composição de alimentos. Para avaliar a aceitação das preparações, foram realizadas análises sensoriais de duas preparações culinárias: peito de frango e acém bovino adicionados do tempero à base de ervas. Foram considerados os seguintes atributos: cor, textura, aroma, aparência e avaliação global, em uma escala hedônica de 9 pontos que varia de "desgostei muitíssimo" a "gostei muitíssimo". O índice de aceitabilidade também foi calculado para todos os atributos. Resultados: Quarenta e um juízes consumidores foram recrutados para realizar a análise sensorial. Houve uma redução importante nos níveis de sódio de 60,2% (de 939,2 mg para 375,3 mg) e 23,3% (de 709,7 mg para 544,0 mg) por 100g de peito de frango e acém bovino, respectivamente, e um aumento no teor de fibra das preparações que receberam o tempero à base de ervas. O índice de aceitação global de peito de frango temperado e filé de carne bovina foi de 87,8% e 83,8%, respectivamente. Conclusão: A substituição de temperos ultraprocessados por temperos à base de ervas em preparações de proteínas foi bem aceita entre comensais da UAN.

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the use of a herbs-based seasoning in protein preparations as a strategy for reducing sodium intake by diners served at a Food and Nutrition Unit (FNU). Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a FNU factory. The herbs-based seasoning was developed with the help of the unit's cooks. The proximate composition of protein preparations was determined with the aid of food composition tables. To assess the acceptance of the preparations, a sensory analysis was performed for two culinary preparations: chicken breast and beef chuck steak added with the herbs-based seasoning. The following attributes were considered for evaluating colour, texture, aroma, appearance and overall evaluation, on a 9-point hedonic scale ranging from "I disliked a lot" to "I liked a lot". The acceptability index was also calculated for all attributes. Results: Forty-one consumer judges were recruited to perform the sensory analysis. There was an important reduction in sodium levels of 60.2% (from 939.2 mg to 375.3 mg) and 23.3% (from 709.7 mg to 544.0 mg) per 100g of chicken breast and beef chuck steak, respectively, and an increase in the fiber content of the preparations that received the herbs-based seasoning. The global acceptance index of seasoned chicken breast and beef chuck steak was 87.8% and 83.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The substitution of ultra-processed seasoning for herbs-based seasoning in protein preparations was well accepted among FNU diners.

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The present article aimed to evaluate the consumption of protective foods and predictors of cardiovascular (CV) risk and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) by hypertensive individuals in the state of Alagoas. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out from 2013 to 2016 with 655 hypertensive adults of both sexes. Food consumption was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire with measurements converted to scores and the foods were divided into three groups: I - processed foods/CV risk predictors; II - ultraprocessed foods/higher CV risk predictors; III - in natura or minimally processed foods/ CV risk protectors. Socioeconomic, demographic, biochemical, clinical and anthropometric variables were also analyzed. The consumption scores of food groups I, II and III were, respectively, 0.11; 0.13 and 0.24 (p = 0.001). The consumption of processed foods was correlated positively with high blood cholesterol (p = 0.045) and negatively with age (p = 0.001); while that of ultraprocessed foods was correlated with the sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.01). Thus, it was observed a relationship between the consumption of CV risk predictors foods with high blood cholesterol and sedentary lifestyle, reflecting the need for nutricional education actions.

O presente artigo teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de alimentos protetores e preditores de risco cardiovascular (CV) e sua relação com fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) por hipertensos do estado de Alagoas. Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 655 adultos, hipertensos, de ambos os sexos, estudados no período de 2013 a 2016. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por um questionário de frequência alimentar validado com mensuração convertida em escores e os alimentos foram divididos em três grupos: I - processados/preditores de risco CV; II - ultraprocessados/maiores preditores de risco CV; III - alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados/protetores de risco CV. Foram também analisadas variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, bioquímicas, clínicas e antropométricas. Os escores de consumo dos grupos de alimentos I, II e III foram, respectivamente, 0,11; 0,13 e 0,24 (p = 0,001). O consumo de alimentos processados se correlacionou positivamente com o colesterol sérico elevado (p = 0,045) e negativamente com a idade (p = 0,001); já o de alimentos ultraprocessados correlacionou-se com o sedentarismo (p = 0,01). Assim, observou-se relação entre o consumo de alimentos preditores de risco CV com sedentarismo e colesterol elevado, refletindo a necessidade de ações de educação nutricional.

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