RESUMO
Introducción: La inserción de estudiantes de pregrado en actividades de investigación es relevante para fomentar la crítica y aplicación de resultados de investigación. La formación de ayudantes de investigación se plantea como una alternativa válida para que los alumnos se expongan, experimenten y participen activamente en el proceso de investigación. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimiento y grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes después de participar en un programa de formación de ayudantes de investigación. Método: Estudio de pre y post test en 20 estudiantes de pregrado de Enfermería. Se evaluó el conocimiento alcanzado y la satisfacción de los estudiantes con el programa de formación, el cual considera tres módulos de aprendizaje distribuidos en 180 horas cronológicas. Resultados: El conocimiento de los estudiantes incrementó significativamente con el programa, no se relacionó con el conocimiento que el alumno trae al inicio del mismo, así como tampoco con el semestre que cursa. El grado de satisfacción fue en el 100% de los alumnos muy satisfecho. Discusión: Este artículo reporta un programa de formación de ayudantes de investigación que es posible ser replicado en otras realidades, que incrementa el conocimiento, con un alto grado de satisfacción en los estudiantes. La duración del programa podría considerarse una debilidad. Conclusión: La participación de estudiantes de pregrado en un programa de formación de ayudantes de investigación, puede considerarse una estrategia para involucrar a alumnos en investigación, y que valoren su aporte en la disciplina de enfermería.
Introduction: An early integration of undergraduate students into activities of research can help them develop skills for a critical application of the corresponding findings. The formation of research assistants program is proposed as an experience for students to expose, experiment, and actively participate in diverse researching related activities. Objective: To identify the level of knowledge and degree of satisfaction of students after their participation in a research assistant formation program. Method: This is pre-post-test study involving 20 undergraduate nursing students. Their achieved knowledge and satisfaction in the three-module-180-hours program were assessed. Results: Unrelated to parallel experiences, the students' knowledge increased significantly after the program. All students stated having felt very satisfied. Discussion: This article informs on a program of formation of research assistants which is prone to be extended to other contexts, however its duration could be adjusted. Conclusion: The participation of undergraduate students in a research assistant formation program is a novel strategy to engage students into nursing research.
Introdução: A inserção de estudantes de graduação em atividades de pesquisa é relevante para promover a crítica e aplicação de resultados de pesquisa. A formação de assistentes de pesquisa contempla-se como una alternativa válida para os alunos se exporem, experimentarem e participarem ativamente no processo de pesquisa. Objetivo: Identificar o nível de conhecimento e grau de satisfação dos estudantes depois de participarem em um programa de formação de assistentes de pesquisa. Método: Estudo de pre e post teste de 20 estudantes de graduação de Enfermagem. Avaliou-se o conhecimento atingido e a satisfação dos estudantes com o programa de formação, o qual considera três módulos de aprendizagem distribuídos em 180 horas cronológicas. Resultados: O conhecimento dos estudantes aumentou significativamente com o programa, não se relaciona com o conhecimento que o aluno traz ao início do mesmo, assim como também não, com o semestre que cursa. O grau de satisfação foi do 100% dos alunos: muito satisfeito. Discussão: Este artigo informa um programa de formação de assistentes de pesquisa que é possível ser reproduzido em outras realidades, que aumenta o conhecimento, com um alto grau de satisfação nos estudantes. A duração do programa podia considerar-se uma debilidade. Conclusão: A participação de estudantes de graduação em um programa de formação de assistentes de pesquisa, pode considerar-se uma estratégia para envolver os alunos em pesquisa, e que valorizem seu aporte na disciplina de enfermagem.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pesquisa , Estudantes de Enfermagem , AprendizagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To define the relative role of cognitive impairment, depression, disease activity, and disease damage in the decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) frequently observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. METHOD: We studied 101 Chilean female SLE patients and applied the 12-item Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2) to assess HRQoL and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) to assess cognitive function. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models included demographic and disease-related factors and cognitive function tests of sustained attention, memory, and executive function. RESULTS: All measures of HRQoL were lower in the 101 female SLE patients compared to the women from the Chilean general population. HRQoL was associated with the following factors: (i) depression symptoms, which were detrimental to all components of the physical and mental HRQoL scores; (ii) executive dysfunction (spatial planning), which was associated with lower scores on role limitations due to physical health problems and emotional problems, and general health perceptions; (iii) higher activity and organ damage were deleterious to role physical, bodily pain, and physical summary scores; and (iv) higher damage also impacted physical function. Impairments in sustained attention and memory did not decrease the HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the relevance of executive dysfunction to poor physical and mental health components of HRQoL in SLE together with depression, while disease activity and disease damage are associated with lower HRQoL physical components. The need for cognitive function evaluation and rehabilitation in SLE is indicated.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Nível de Saúde , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Mulheres/psicologia , Adulto , Atenção , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Chile , Função Executiva , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a frequent cause of respiratory infections in school children and adolescents. Epidemiological suspicion is important, since there are no specific symptoms or signs to help in diagnosing infection caused by this agent. OBJECTIVE: To determine the variation in prevalence over the last 10 years of M. pneumoniae IgM seropositivity according to age, particularly in pre-schoolers. METHOD: The results of M. pneumoniae IgM serological testing between January 2004 and December 2013 were analysed. Variables such as gender and month and year of sample processing were studied according to age groups (<5, 5-18, 19-50, 51-70 and >70 years of age). RESULTS: Of a total of 20,020 serological samples, 31.9% proved positive for M. pneumoniae. All age groups showed increases in percentage seropositivity over the last 10 years, although the most significant increase corresponded to the 5-18 years group (from 15.8% to 54%), followed by children <5 years of age (from 8.6% to 30%). Seropositivity was significantly higher in women in all age groups, except in those over 50 years of age. CONCLUSION: Children under five years of age were the group with the second highest increase in seropositivity.
Assuntos
Mycoplasma pneumoniae/imunologia , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Testes Sorológicos , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous ecological studies have shown a temporal and spatial association between influenza epidemics and meningococcal disease (MNG); however, none have examined more than two respiratory viruses. METHODS: Data were obtained in Chile between 2000 and 2005 on confirmed cases of MNG and all confirmed cases of respiratory viruses (influenza A and B; parainfluenza; adenovirus; and respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]). Both variables were divided by epidemiological weeks, age range, and regions. Models of transference functions were run for rates of MNG. RESULTS: In this period, 1022 reported cases of MNG and 34,737 cases of respiratory virus were identified (25,137 RSV; 4300 parainfluenza; 2527 influenza-A; 356 influenza-B; and 2417 adenovirus). RSV was the major independent virus temporally associated to MNG (it appears one week before MNG), followed by parainfluenza, influenza-B, adenovirus, and influenza-A. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of MNG in Chile is temporally associated to all of the respiratory viruses studied, but with variability according age range, and regions.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Infecções Meningocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Estações do Ano , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the contribution of depression to cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Clinical features, education, age, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were evaluated in 82 patients with SLE and 22 healthy controls, all Chilean women. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB eclipseTM) assessing attention, spatial memory, and learning and executive function domains was applied. Cognitive deficit definition: a cut-off for definite impairment was defined as a score below -2 standard deviations in at least one outcome measure in two or more domains. ANCOVA with stepwise selection evaluated influences of health status (SLE or control), age, education, and HADS depression and anxiety scores on cognitive outcomes. To avoid overfitting, a shrinkage method was performed. Also, adjusted p-values for multiple comparisons were obtained. RESULTS: Cognitive deficit affected 16 (20%) patients, and no controls (p=0.039). Median HADS depression score in SLE patients was 6 (range 0-19) and in controls was 0 (0-19), p<0.001). ANCOVA and shrinkage models showed that worse cognitive performance in sustained attention and spatial working memory tests was explained by the presence of SLE but not depression, whereas depression only affected a measure of executive function (I/ED Stages completed). CONCLUSION: Depression has a limited role in cognitive impairment in SLE. Impairments in sustained attention and spatial working memory are distinctly influenced by yet-unknown disease-intrinsic factors.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Cognição , Depressão/psicologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/psicologia , Memória de Curto Prazo , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Memória Espacial , Adolescente , Adulto , Atenção , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Chile , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/etiologia , Função Executiva , Feminino , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Educational programs in pediatric life support endorse a capillary refill time>2 s as an indicator of shock. In the emergency room, a barrier to the implementation of an early goal directed therapy, aiming at central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2)≥70% is the insertion of central venous catheter (CVC). OBJECTIVE: To establish the predictive value of capillary refill time>2 s to detect ScvO2<70% in children admitted to Intensive Care Units. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Prospective study. We included 48 children admitted in the first 24 hours in ICU with superior vena cava CVC. Simultaneously, we measured ScvO2 and capillary refill time in the heel of upper extremity or toe. RESULTS: There were 75 paired measurements ScvO2 (75,9±8,4%) and capillary refill capillary (1,9±1,0 s). We found an inverse correlation between capillary refill time and ScvO2 (r-0,58). The ROC curve analysis revealed an excellent ability for the capillary fill time>2 s to predict ScvO2<70% (AUC 0,94) (95% CI 0,87-0,98). CONCLUSIONS: A prolonged capillary refill time>2 s, is a predictor of ScvO2<70% in children admitted to ICU, which supports the current recommendations. This finding may be relevant in emergency units where the use of CVC is limited and ScvO2 is not available.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Oxigênio/sangue , Choque Séptico/sangue , Adolescente , Capilares/fisiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Veia Cava SuperiorRESUMO
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the variability and reproducibility of late night salivary cortisol (LNSC) using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and compare the accuracy of one or two samples in diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome (CS). We prospectively included 64 healthy volunteers (HV), 35 patients with clinically suspected CS (S), and 26 patients with confirmed CS. Nine patients in the CS group had 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) less than two times the upper limit of normal (mild CS). UFC and two consecutive LNSC (LNSC1, LNSC2) were collected at home. All patients in the S group had normal UFC and low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. No differences were found between the HV and S groups in UFC, LNSC1, and LNSC2. Intra-individual variability between the two samples of LNSC was 22% in HV (1.6-91%), 32% in the S group (1.6-144%), and 51% (1.6-156%) in the CS group. Variability was higher in CS patients than those in the HV (P < 0.001) and S groups (P = 0.05). The AUC of LNSC1 was 0.945 (IC 95% 0.880-1.004); when considering the highest LNSC, the AUC was 0.980 (IC 95% 0.954-1.007) (P < 0.01). We found 23% of discordant LNSC in the S group and 11% in the CS group. Three patients with CS had only one elevated LNSC, all of them with mild CS. Our results suggest that LNSC is variable, and reproducibility is affected in both CS and S patients. We found significant improvements in the diagnostic accuracy of the LNSC measurement by obtaining two samples.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Cushing/diagnóstico , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Testes de Função Hipofisária , Saliva/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Automação Laboratorial , Ritmo Circadiano , Síndrome de Cushing/metabolismo , Síndrome de Cushing/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de Cushing/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/urina , Imunoensaio , Limite de Detecção , Medições Luminescentes , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A recent investigation of the constituents of Eunicea sp. from Colombia and Puerto Rico has provided two novel cembrane glycosides, calyculaglycosides D (6) and E (7), and a new cembranoid diterpene in free form, (+)-nephthenol (4). Metabolites 6 and 7 possess a glycosyl-fused cembrane skeleton with a 1S configuration. Biogenetic considerations have led to a revision of the previously assigned dilophol skeleton of calyculaglycosides A-C, which was confirmed by extensive 2D NMR investigation and a chemical degradation study. Consequently, the true structures for calyculaglycosides A-C are 8-10, respectively, not 1-3. This is the first report of the occurrence of marine diterpene glycosides having a cembrane aglycon.
Assuntos
Cnidários/química , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Colômbia , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Porto Rico , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Se realizó una encuesta serologica en la ciudad de Choluteca cinco meses despues de iniciado un brote epidémico de dengue, en la que se recolectaron 512 muestras de sangre en 14 barrios de la ciudad, que fueron examinados por anticuerpos contra dengue 1, utilizando la prueba de Inhibición de hemoglutinación. En el 63% (325) personas existían anticuerpos, particularmente adultos de los cuales el 83% sufrieron infecciones primarias y 17% infección secundaria. Se concluye que esta epidemia ocurrida recientemente en Cholutec fue causada preferentemente por el virus del dengue 1