RESUMO
Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses of occupational character that are spread worldwide, mainly in tropical and socioeconomically vulnerable areas. Both diseases have vertebrate hosts, which spread the infectious agent to the environment and are potentially infectious to humans and can progress to fatal cases. The present study reinforces the importance of One Health for the control and prophylaxis of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis using sentinel animals in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability based on a serological study. A total of 336 blood samples were obtained from the canine population of the urban district, which has high rates of poverty and sanitation. The results were analyzed based on seroreactivity animals and georeferencing by kernel spatial mapping. A total of 43.3% (52/120) of the animals were seroreagents for anti-Leptospira spp., with a predominance of Canicola (35/52 = 67.3%) and Pyrogenes (5/52 = 9.6%), while 52.97% (178/336) of the dogs were seroreactive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of seroreagent dogs for both zoonosis alert to the inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions of the studied region, and highlight the importance of a survey of the social, economic and environmental structure to identify factors related to the links in the epidemiological chain of pathogen transmission and necessary corrective actions.
Leptospirose e toxoplasmose são zoonoses de caráter ocupacional disseminadas mundialmente, principalmente em áreas tropicais e socioeconomicamente vulneráveis. Ambas as doenças têm hospedeiros vertebrados, que espalham o agente infeccioso para o meio ambiente e são potencialmente infecciosos para o homem, as quais podem evoluir para casos fatais. O presente estudo reforça a importância da saúde única para o controle e a profilaxia da leptospirose e da toxoplasmose, mediante a utilização de animais sentinela em áreas de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, com base em estudo sorológico. Um total de 336 amostras de sangue foi obtido da população canina de um distrito urbano que apresenta altos índices de pobreza e ausência de saneamento básico. Os resultados foram analisados com base em animais sororreagentes e georreferenciados por mapeamento espacial de Kernel. Um total de 43,3% (52/120) dos animais foi sororreagente para anti-Leptospira spp., com predominância de Canicola (35/52 = 67,3%) e Pirogenes (5/52 = 9,6%), enquanto 52,97% (178/336) dos cães foram sororreagentes para anti-Toxoplasma gondii. A presença de cães sororreagentes para ambas as doenças alerta para as condições higiênico-sanitárias inadequadas da região estudada e evidencia a importância de um levantamento da estrutura social, econômica e ambiental para identificar fatores relacionados aos elos da cadeia epidemiológica de transmissão do patógeno e ações corretivas necessárias.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Toxoplasma , Zoonoses , Toxoplasmose Animal , Doenças do Cão , LeptospiroseRESUMO
This study aimed to identify, by means of thromboelastometry assessment, altered thrombotic risk in dogs with primary and secondary IMHA by E. canis infection after initiating the immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil. The animals' screening was based on complete blood count (CBC), biochemical and urine tests. Dogs with moderate to severe anemia (hematocrit ≤ 25%) which showed symptoms of immune-mediated hemolysis, such as spherocytosis, positive saline agglutination, bilirubinuria and/or hemoglobinuria, were included. Blood and urine samples were collected at two different moments. The first sample (M1) was collected at the time of diagnosis, when hematocrit was lower or equal to 25% before treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (Accord ®); the second sample (M2) was collected after treatment with mycophenolate mofetil, when hematocrit was greater or equal to 30%. Five out of the twelve animals selected died before the end of the study. No reduction in thrombotic risk was observed in the animals treated with mycophenolate mofetil. The animals that presented hypocoagulation at the time of diagnosis showed the worst prognosis, and their reticulocyte count displayed a better prognostic value than their erythrocytes count at the time of diagnosis.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi esclarecer se há alteração do risco trombótico em cães com anemia hemolítica imunomediada primária e secundária a E.canis, avaliado por meio da tromboelastometria, após início de tratamento com micofenolato de mofetila. A seleção dos animais foi baseada na avaliação de hemograma, exame bioquímico e urinálise. Cães com anemia moderada a severa (hematócrito ≤ 25%), com sinais de hemólise imunomediada, como esferocitose, aglutinação em salina positivo, bilirrubinúria e/ ou hemoglobinúria, foram incluídos. As amostras de sangue e urina foram coletadas em dois momentos diferentes. A primeira amostra (M1) foi coletada no momento do diagnóstico, quando o hematócrito era igual ou inferior a 25%, sem fazer uso do micofenolato de mofetila (Accord®), e o segundo momento (M2), após tratamento com micofenolato de mofetila, quando o hematócrito era igual ou maior que 30%. Doze animais foram selecionados, cinco morreram antes do término do estudo. Não houve diminuição do risco trombótico entre os animais tratados com micofenolato de mofetila; os animais que apresentaram menor coagulabilidade apresentaram pior prognóstico, e a contagem de reticulócitos apresentou melhor valor prognóstico do que a contagem de hemácias no momento do diagnóstico.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Anemia Hemolítica/complicações , Anemia Hemolítica/veterinária , Ácido Micofenólico/análise , Ácido Micofenólico/efeitos adversos , Tromboelastografia/veterinária , Ehrlichia canis , Contagem de Eritrócitos/veterinária , HemostasiaRESUMO
This report describes a fatal case of a pet dog with major enteric signs owned by a family that has experienced cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in the household. Clinical and epidemiological aspects, imaging data, microbiological, haematological and histopathological examinations were assessed to diagnosis of disease. gyrB-RFLP, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR allowed molecular detection of M. tuberculosis strain from S family. The resazurin microtiter assay indicated that all isolates were resistant to isoniazid, ethambutol, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, streptomycin and amikacin. The public health concerns related to canine tuberculosis and risk of the dissemination by pets of M. tuberculosis pre-multidrug-resistant (PMD) to isoniazid, ethambutol and other first-line drugs used in human therapy of TB are discussed. We believe this to be the first report of PMD M. tuberculosis infection in a dog presenting mainly enteric manifestation, confirmed as S lineage by molecular methods, owned by a family in which TB has spread in the household for generations.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Enterite/veterinária , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Animais , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Enterite/diagnóstico , Enterite/microbiologia , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Isoniazida/farmacologia , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Animais de Estimação , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos MedicamentosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Formerly, Arcanobacterium pyogenes was recently renamed Trueperella pyogenes. This opportunistic bacterium is related to miscellaneous pyogenic infections in animals. Most studies involving T. pyogenes are case reports, whereas few surveys have focused the major aspects of T. pyogenes infections involving a case series study design. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate selected epidemiological and clinical aspects, as well as the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 144 cases of T. pyogenes infections among domestic animals from 2002 to 2012. ANIMALS AND METHODS: T. pyogenes was isolated from different clinical specimens from cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, dogs, and buffaloes. Correlations were assessed by the Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Mastitis (45.1%), abscesses (18.0%), pneumonia (11.1%), and lymphadenitis (9.0%) were the most common clinical manifestations. In addition, the organism was also isolated from other miscellaneous clinical specimens from cases of septicemia, encephalitis, pyometra, prostatitis, orchitis, seminal vesiculitis, pericarditis, and omphalitis. No statistical association was observed between T. pyogenes infections and age, gender, or season across the study. The most effective drugs against the pathogen were florfenicol (99.1%), cefoperazone (96.0%), cephalexin (95.0%), and ceftiofur (94.8%). High resistance rates were observed against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (49.3%), followed by norfloxacin (10.9%) and tetracycline (9.2%). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the diversity of clinical manifestations and the opportunistic behavior of T. pyogenes infections in domestic animals, with predominance of mastitis, abscesses, pneumonia, and lymphadenitis. It also reinforces the importance of knowing the susceptibility profile before initiating therapy, to improve antimicrobial therapy approaches.
Assuntos
Infecções por Actinomycetales/veterinária , Búfalos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinomycetales/epidemiologia , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Arcanobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Cães , Feminino , Cabras , Masculino , Mastite Bovina/epidemiologia , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Pneumonia/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estações do Ano , Ovinos , SuínosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most clinical cases of osteomyelitis in dogs involve infectious agents, especially bacteria and fungi. The characterization of these microorganisms may aid in the prevention and treatment of disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively microbiological cultures and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates from 52 cases of bacterial osteomyelitis in long bones of dogs over 2000-2013. In 78% of the cases injuries were caused by a motor vehicle accident, but there were a few cases of dog bites (17%) and ascending infection due to pododermatitis (5%). ANIMALS AND METHODS: The isolated microorganisms were identified based on conventional phenotypic methods. In vitro disk diffusion test was performed using 30 different antimicrobials. RESULTS: The isolates were obtained from femur (28%), humerus (16%), tibia (31%), and radius/ulna (25%). Among 52 cases, culture was positive in 88% of cases. Thirteen genus of different species of microorganisms were isolated. The most common microorganisms isolated were Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli followed by Streptococcus spp., enteric bacteria, Corynebacterium sp. and anaerobic bacteria. In 42% of cases cultures were mixed. The most effective drugs against isolated bacteria were amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (79%) followed by ceftriaxone (69%). High-resistance rates were documented against azithromycin (80%), penicillin (59%), and clindamycin (59%). CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlights diverse etiologic agents in cases of infectious bacterial osteomyelitis, with predominance of Staphylococcus genus, and reinforces the importance of obtaining cultures and susceptibility profiles given the high rates of antimicrobial resistance.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Osteomielite/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Cães , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Osteomielite/microbiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
A retrospective study of major clinical and epidemiological findings was performed in 11 cases of tetanus observed in eight sheep and three goats from 1998 to 2008. The cases occurred predominantly in animals aging from five days to two years, in winter season, with history of recent wounds or surgical procedures. Muscle rigidity and muscular tremors (72.0%), tachycardia/dyspnea (54.5%), change of placement of ears (45.4%), protusion of the third eyelid (27.2%), hypersensitivity to external stimulus (18.1%), and elevation of ears (18.1%) were the most common clinical signs.
Assuntos
Animais , Tétano/diagnóstico , Tétano/epidemiologia , Ruminantes/virologia , Ovinos/virologia , Clostridium tetani/isolamento & purificação , Sialorreia/veterinária , Trismo/veterinária , Taquipneia/veterinária , Transtornos dos Movimentos/veterinária , Rigidez Muscular/veterináriaRESUMO
O presente estudo relata a ocorrência de co-infecção entre o vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) e Toxoplama gondii em cães com sinais neurológicos. Amostras de soro e tecido nervoso (pos-mortem) de 21 cães, suspeitos de cinomose canina foram analisadas pela Reação de Imunofluorecência indireta (RIFI) para pesquisa de anticorpos contra T. gondii e N. caninum e por RT-PCR para CDV. Dezessete (80,9 por cento) cães foram positivos para o CDV pela RT-PCR e 8 (38,1 por cento) foram positivos para anticorpos contra T. gondii. Sete cães (41,1 por cento) apresentaram-se positivos para ambos agentes, caracterizando processo de co-infecção. Somente 1 (4,7 por cento) cão foi soropositivo para N. caninum (RIFI=100), entretanto este mesmo animal foi positivo para T. gondii (RIFI=4096) e para CDV (RT-PCR).
RESUMO
O presente estudo relata a ocorrência de co-infecção entre o vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) e Toxoplama gondii em cães com sinais neurológicos. Amostras de soro e tecido nervoso (pos-mortem) de 21 cães, suspeitos de cinomose canina foram analisadas pela Reação de Imunofluorecência indireta (RIFI) para pesquisa de anticorpos contra T. gondii e N. caninum e por RT-PCR para CDV. Dezessete (80,9 por cento) cães foram positivos para o CDV pela RT-PCR e 8 (38,1 por cento) foram positivos para anticorpos contra T. gondii. Sete cães (41,1 por cento) apresentaram-se positivos para ambos agentes, caracterizando processo de co-infecção. Somente 1 (4,7 por cento) cão foi soropositivo para N. caninum (RIFI=100), entretanto este mesmo animal foi positivo para T. gondii (RIFI=4096) e para CDV (RT-PCR).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cinomose , Vírus da Cinomose Canina , Toxoplasmose Animal , Toxoplasma , Infecções , Neospora , Neurologia , Imunofluorescência/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
A retrospective study of major clinical and epidemiological findings was performed in 11 cases of tetanus observed in eight sheep and three goats from 1998 to 2008. The cases occurred predominantly in animals aging from five days to two years, in winter season, with history of recent wounds or surgical procedures. Muscle rigidity and muscular tremors (72.0%), tachycardia/dyspnea (54.5%), change of placement of ears (45.4%), protusion of the third eyelid (27.2%), hypersensitivity to external stimulus (18.1%), and elevation of ears (18.1%) were the most common clinical signs.
RESUMO
This study evaluated the chemical composition, total bacterial count, the level of cellularity and presence of antimicrobial residues in milk from two small farms in organic production system in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, based in NI 062-MAPA. The milk of the Property I had the mean of CCS 7.13 x 10(5) cells/mL and the Property II had 3.27 x 10(5) cells/mL. The averages of CBT were, respectively, 7.80 x 10(5) cells/mL in the Property I and 6.15 x 10(5) cells/mL in Property II. The Property I presented as an average of 3.10% of fat, 3.26% of protein and 4.54% of lactose, while the Property II presented 3.44% of fat, 3.39% of protein and 4.50% of lactose in 12 months assessed. The presence of residues of antimicrobial drugs was detected in six samples (6.97%) of the Property I and 16 (9.24%) of Property II. The results obtained reveal failure in the percepts of organic production.
O presente estudo avaliou a composição química, a contagem bacteriana total, o nível de celularidade e presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite de duas propriedades em sistema orgânico de produção do interior do Estado São Paulo com base na IN 062-MAPA. O leite da Propriedade I apresentou média de CCS de 7,13 x 10(5) céls/mL e o da Propriedade II 3,27 x 10(5) céls/mL. As médias das CBTs foram de 7,80 x 10(5) céls/mL na Propriedade I e de 6,15 x 10(5) céls/mL na Propriedade II. A propriedade I apresentou como média de gordura de 3,10%, de proteína 3,26% e 4,54% de lactose, enquanto a Propriedade II apresentou 3,44% de gordura, 3,39% de proteína e 4,50% de lactose, nos 12 meses avaliados. A presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos foi detectada em seis amostras (6,97%) da Propriedade I e em 16 (9,24%) da Propriedade II. Os resultados obtidos revelam falha nos preceitos da produção orgânica.