RESUMO
Bacula from 61 individual hutia (Rodentia) from five species were studied. The purpose was to investigate cross-sectional geometry as an indicator of mechanical behavior in order to answer questions around the origin and maintenance of the mammalian baculum. From images of the apical and basal cross sections, the following variables were calculated: perimeter, cross-sectional area, maximum second moment of area, and polar moment. An allometric analysis showed that these variables were related to body size. The orientation of the maximum second moment of area was analyzed by means of circular statistics. This orientation was transverse in both the apical and basal cross sections. Values for the second moment of area and polar moment, obtained from the predicted value of the allometric equations, showed that either the bending moment or the twisting moment of the baculum must be relatively low in hutias, compared with those of the radius in the same species. The results of the second moment of area predict that the main bending stress acting on the baculum is transverse. At the same time, shear stress would not be negligible. Anat Rec, 303:1346-1353, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Assuntos
Pênis/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos/fisiologia , Masculino , Pênis/fisiologia , Roedores , Estresse MecânicoRESUMO
The Cuban solenodon (Solenodon cubanus) is one of the most enigmatic mammals and is an extremely rare species with a distribution limited to a small part of the island of Cuba. Despite its rarity, in 2012 seven individuals of S. cubanus were captured and sampled successfully for DNA analysis, providing new insights into the evolutionary origin of this species and into the origins of the Caribbean fauna, which remain controversial. We conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses of five nuclear genes (Apob, Atp7a, Bdnf, Brca1 and Rag1; total, 4,602 bp) from 35 species of the mammalian order Eulipotyphla. Based on Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analyses, the family Solenodontidae diverged from other eulipotyphlan in the Paleocene, after the bolide impact on the Yucatan Peninsula, and S. cubanus diverged from the Hispaniolan solenodon (S. paradoxus) in the Early Pliocene. The strikingly recent divergence time estimates suggest that S. cubanus and its ancestral lineage originated via over-water dispersal rather than vicariance events, as had previously been hypothesised.
Assuntos
Eulipotyphla/genética , Evolução Molecular , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Filogenia , Animais , CubaRESUMO
El objetivo fue determinar el estado nutricional de niños y asociar la edad cronológica al estado madurativo esqueletal y dentario. Para determinar el estado nutricional de los escolares se usó la tabla de crecimiento normal de peso para talla de niños y niñas argentinos (Lejarraga y col, 1977). El estado madurativo esqueletal se relevó mediante radiografía carpal las que fueron comparadas con las del Atlas de Desarrollo Esqueletal de Greulich and Pyle. La edad dentaria se determinó mediante radiografías retroalveolares de canino inferior y comparadas con la Tabla de fases del desarrollo dental adaptado de Haavikko. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la edad cronológica, edad dentaria y ósea entre los grupos. ANOVA P= 0,76; P=0,17; P=0,50, respectivamente. Para este grupo de pacientes, la edad ósea de los niños desnutridos es significativamente inferior que la edad cronológica (Test de Kruskal-Wallis) P=0,021. En los niños eutróficos, la edad dentaria fue significativamente inferior que la cronológica (Kruskal- Wallis) P= 0,03
The objective was to determine children nutritional status and to associate chronological age to the skeletal and dental maduration status. In order to determine nutritional status of students, it was used a table for normal growing and development of weight and height for argentine children (Lejarraga, 1977). Skeletal madurative state was obtained using a wrist radiography which were compared with others included in the Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist of Greulich and Pyle. Dental age was determined using dental radiograph of lower canine and compared with standards in the Table of dental Development Stages of Haaviko No significant difference was found between chronological, dental and skeletal age between groups. ANOVA P=0,76; P=0,17; P=0,50 respectively. For this population, skeletal age of malnourished children is significativelly lower than chronological age. For eutrophic children, dental age appeared significativelly lower than chronological age
Assuntos
Criança , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/métodos , Dente/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Desenvolvimento Musculoesquelético , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
lntroducción - El crecimiento posnatal de ciertas estructuras cráneo-faciales está asociado aI desarrollo de Ias funciones vitales: respiración y deglución. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar Ia morfología cráneo-cervical de dos grupos de pacientes, uno con respiración normal y otro formado por respiradores bucales. Además, relacionar el patrón respiratorio con Ias anomalias morfológicas y Ias de maloclusión, encontradas. Método - Un total de 105 ninos de entre 8 y 12 afios, de ambos sexos, fueron incluidos en este estudio. De ellos, cincuenta y dos respiradores bucales y cincuenta y tres sin trastomos en Ia función respiratoria. Se utilizaron teleradiografias de perfil, Ias que fueron analizadas aI azar por dos profesionales calibrados. Las medidas estudiadas fueron: Posición deI hueso Hioides, Profundidad cráneo-vertebral anterior, Profundidad cráneo-maxilar posterior, ángulo 6 de Handelman, Ángulo formado por los planos palatino y mandibular con respecto a Ia apófisis Odontoides, Ángulo base de cráneo y Ángulo Plano Palatino-Plano de Frankfort. Resultados - El análisis de los resultados con el test t revela que existe diferencia significativa entre respiradores bucales y respiradores nasales respecto de: Posición deI Hioides (p=0,016), Profundidad cráneo-cervical anterior (P=0,035), y ángulo PP-B.Cráneo (p=0,0000). Conclusión - No se encontró asociación entre patrón respiratorio y maloclusión (clasificación de Angle) (p=0,98); ni entre patrón respiratorio y sexo (p=0,23). En este estudio se encontró relación entre el patrón respiratorio anormal y algunas alteraciones en Ia morfología cráneo-cervical
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Cefalometria , Má Oclusão , Respiração Bucal/diagnóstico , Ventiladores Mecânicos/normasRESUMO
Garcin syndrome is characterized by a progressive ipsilateral involvement of cranial nerves, culminating in paralysis of all or at least seven of them, without sensory or motor long-tract disturbance, with no intracranial hypertension, and with osteoclastic involvement in the skull base on radiographic computed tomography. Giant cell tumor is a primary bone tumor rarely affecting the skull base. An 8-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of increasingly worsening right otalgia, tinnitus, hearing loss, right facial numbness, and diplopia. She was admitted with a 2-week history of swallowing difficulties, voice change, and right shoulder pain. Neurologic examination disclosed unilateral paralysis of the right fifth through twelfth cranial nerves, with no other abnormal neurologic findings. Skull radiographic computed tomography revealed lytic lesions in the right temporal petrous portion. Computed tomographic scan indicated a destructive mass involving the right greater wing of the sphenoid bone and temporal petrous apex. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a tumor arising from the temporosphenoidal region, infiltrating neither the brain nor the brainstem. No hydrocephalus was observed. Biopsy revealed giant cell tumor. Posterior treatment consisted of radiotherapy. At an 8-year follow-up, the patient was well but with functional sequelae. There is no magnetic resonance imaging evidence of tumor growth. No other giant cell tumor presenting as Garcin syndrome is known to have been reported.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/diagnóstico , Paralisia Facial/diagnóstico , Tumor de Células Gigantes do Osso/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/diagnóstico , Criança , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Paralisia Facial/etiologia , Feminino , Tumor de Células Gigantes do Osso/complicações , Humanos , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/complicações , SíndromeRESUMO
Salivary components may suffer variations that can be detected by chemical determinations. The aim of this work was to determine physical and biochemical characteristics of the saliva of a group of diabetic children compared to those of a control group. Relation to oral health indices was also determined. Twenty diabetic children (3-15-years-old) and 21 control children (5-12-years-old) were included in this study. Total proteins, sugars and calcium were determined by colorimetric methods, and glucose, urea, alpha-amylase and acid phosphatase by enzymatic methods. Our results demonstrated that acidic pH, diminished salivary flow rate and excess foam are usually present in saliva of diabetic children. Total sugars, glucose, urea and total proteins were greater in diabetic patients than controls, while calcium values were decreased. These differences were confirmed by the discrimination test. Diabetic children have higher DMFT-dmft-deft and DMFS-dmfs-defs values compared to those of the control children despite their lower sugar intake. Some salivary components in addition to the diminished flow rate could be involved in the characterization of the oral health state of diabetic children
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Saliva/química , Análise de Variância , Fosfatase Ácida/análise , Colorimetria , Cálcio/análise , Carboidratos/análise , Índice de Placa Dentária , Índice CPO , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Glucose/análise , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Modelos Lineares , Índice Periodontal , Saliva , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/análise , Taxa Secretória/fisiologia , Ureia/análise , alfa-Amilases/análiseRESUMO
Salivary components may suffer variations that can be detected by chemical determinations. The aim of this work was to determine physical and biochemical characteristics of the saliva of a group of diabetic children compared to those of a control group. Relation to oral health indices was also determined. Twenty diabetic children (3-15-years-old) and 21 control children (5-12-years-old) were included in this study. Total proteins, sugars and calcium were determined by colorimetric methods, and glucose, urea, alpha-amylase and acid phosphatase by enzymatic methods. Our results demonstrated that acidic pH, diminished salivary flow rate and excess foam are usually present in saliva of diabetic children. Total sugars, glucose, urea and total proteins were greater in diabetic patients than controls, while calcium values were decreased. These differences were confirmed by the discrimination test. Diabetic children have higher DMFT-dmft-deft and DMFS-dmfs-defs values compared to those of the control children despite their lower sugar intake. Some salivary components in addition to the diminished flow rate could be involved in the characterization of the oral health state of diabetic children.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Saliva/química , Fosfatase Ácida/análise , Adolescente , Análise de Variância , Cálcio/análise , Carboidratos/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colorimetria , Índice CPO , Índice de Placa Dentária , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Glucose/análise , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Índice Periodontal , Saliva/metabolismo , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/análise , Taxa Secretória/fisiologia , Ureia/análise , alfa-Amilases/análiseRESUMO
La otitis media aguda (OMA) es motivo de consulta frecuente en la práctica pediátrica y otorrinolaringológica. Los antibióticos betalactámicos son agentes de elección para el tratamiento de la OMA de etiología bacteriana, pero la creciente aparición de cepas productoras de betalactamasas obliga a asociarlos con un inhibidor de las mismas. Objetivos: evaluar efectividad y tolerabilidad de amoxicilina + sulbactam, administrada cada 12 horas en lactantes y niños portadores de OMA de etiología presumiblemente bacteriana. Material y métodos: estudio abierto, multicéntrico. Los pacientes recibieron amoxicilina + sulbactam (50/50 mg/kg/d) en dosis repartida en dos tomas diarias durante 10 días. Se evaluó (días 1, 4, 10 y 40): otalgia, hipertermia, irritabilidad y otorrea. Se efectuó otomicroscopía; en casos necesarios miringotomía terapéutica y para rescate de gérmenes, y se controló la aparición de eventos adversos. Se determinó efectividad clínica y tolerabilidad. Resultados: siete centros incorporaron a 222 pacientes evaluables. En 41 se efectuó miringotomía, aislándose con mayor frecuencia S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, y M. catarrhalis. Se produjo una reducción de la otalgia entre el día 0 y el 10, de 6.8 ñ 0.11 a 2.3 ñ 0.09 (p< 0.001), así como también una mejoría significativa de la curva térmica. Se presentaron eventos adversos en 76 pacientes, la mayoría vinculados al aparato digestivo, en todos los casos de intensidad leve a moderada. Al finalizar el periodo de tratamiento todos los pacientes se habían curado o mejorado clínicamente. Conclusiones: Amoxicilina/sulbactam en dosis fraccionada cada 12 horas fue eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de la OMA en niños.