RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Escherichia coli is recognized as an etiological bacteria associated with chorioamnionitis and the preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes. This pathological condition induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and degradative metalloproteinases, which are considered biological markers secreted in an acute stage of infection. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are an important component of the innate immunity response and are found in different pathological conditions. They have not been previously measured in human fetal membranes in response to infectious conditions. We hypothesized that the choriodecidual tissue and amniotic epithelium secreted temporal and differential Hsp-60, Hsp-70, and interleukin (IL)-1ß mediated by E. coli infection. METHODS: Fetal membranes were mounted in a two-compartment culture system and infected with two passes of live E. coli at different doses (10², 104, 105, and 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) and intervals of incubation (3, 6, and 24 h). The culture medium was collected, and Hsp-60, Hsp-70, and IL-1ß were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS: After 3 and 6 h of infection, E. coli induced an increase in Hsp-70 secretion in the choriodecidual tissue. However, after 24 h of incubation, Hsp-70 was downregulated and we observed an increase in IL-1ß secretion. By contrast, E. coli induced a lower Hsp-60 secretion in the amnion compared to Hsp-70. DISCUSSION: Human fetal membranes responded actively to E. coli infection, with an increase in Hsp-70 during the first hours of infection. After 24 h, there was an increase in the liberation of IL-1ß.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli/imunologia , Membranas Extraembrionárias/metabolismo , Membranas Extraembrionárias/microbiologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP110/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Âmnio/imunologia , Âmnio/metabolismo , Âmnio/microbiologia , Chaperonina 60/metabolismo , Corioamnionite/imunologia , Corioamnionite/metabolismo , Corioamnionite/microbiologia , Córion/imunologia , Córion/metabolismo , Córion/microbiologia , Decídua/imunologia , Decídua/metabolismo , Decídua/microbiologia , Regulação para Baixo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/imunologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Membranas Extraembrionárias/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Cinética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Gravidez , Técnicas de Cultura de TecidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bipolar disorder (BP) is a severe psychiatric illness, characterised by alternating episodes of depression and mania, which ranks among the top ten causes of morbidity and life-long disability world-wide. We have previously performed a whole-genome linkage scan on 6 pedigrees segregating severe BP from the well-characterised population isolate of Antioquia, Colombia. We recently collected genotypes for the same set of 382 autosomal microsatellite markers in 9 additional Antioquian BP pedigrees. Here, we report the analysis of the combined pedigree set. METHODS: Linkage analysis using both parametric and nonparametric approaches was conducted for 3 different diagnostic models: severe BP only (BPI); mood disorders (BPI, BPII and major depression); and psychosis (operationally defined by the occurrence of at least 1 episode of hallucinations and/or delusions). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For BPI only, the most interesting result was obtained for chromosome 7p21.1-p22.2 under a recessive model of inheritance (heterogeneity LOD score = 2.80), a region that had previously been linked to BP in a study on Portuguese Island families. For both BPI and mood disorders, nonparametric analyses identified a locus on chromosome 12ct-q14 (nonparametric linkage = 2.55 and 2.35, respectively). This locus has not previously been reported as a candidate region for BP. Additional candidate regions were found on chromosomes 1p22-31 (mood disorders) and 21q21-22 (BPI), 2 loci that have repeatedly been implicated in BP susceptibility. Linkage analysis of psychosis as a phenotype identified candidate regions on chromosomes 2q24-31 and 16p12-q12. The finding on chromosome 16p is noteworthy because the same locus has been implicated by genome-wide association analyses of BP.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 16 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 1 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 21 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 7 , Adolescente , Adulto , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Colômbia , Feminino , Ligação Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Linhagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We previously reported linkage of bipolar disorder to 5q33-q34 in families from two closely related population isolates, the Central Valley of Costa Rica (CVCR) and Antioquia, Colombia (CO). Here we present follow up results from fine-scale mapping in large CVCR and CO families segregating severe bipolar disorder, BP-I, and in 343 population trios/duos from CVCR and CO. Employing densely spaced SNPs to fine map the prior linkage peak region increases linkage evidence and clarifies the position of the putative BP-I locus. We performed two-point linkage analysis with 1134 SNPs in an approximately 9 Mb region between markers D5S410 and D5S422. Combining pedigrees from CVCR and CO yields a LOD score of 4.9 at SNP rs10035961. Two other SNPs (rs7721142 and rs1422795) within the same 94 kb region also displayed LOD scores greater than 4. This linkage peak coincides with our prior microsatellite results and suggests a narrowed BP-I susceptibility regions in these families. To investigate if the locus implicated in the familial form of BP-I also contributes to disease risk in the population, we followed up the family results with association analysis in duo and trio samples, obtaining signals within 2 Mb of the peak linkage signal in the pedigrees; rs12523547 and rs267015 (P = 0.00004 and 0.00016, respectively) in the CO sample and rs244960 in the CVCR sample and the combined sample, with P = 0.00032 and 0.00016, respectively. It remains unclear whether these association results reflect the same locus contributing to BP susceptibility within the extended pedigrees.
Assuntos
Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca/genética , Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 5/genética , Ligação Genética , Linhagem , Colômbia , Costa Rica , Família , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Marcadores Genéticos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , América Latina , Escore Lod , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genéticaRESUMO
Estudio descriptivo transversal para identificar las oportunidades de participación en el cuidado que el equipo de enfermería propicia a los acompañantes del paciente hospitalizado. Nace como respuesta a los interrogantes continuos desde la practica académica y por vivencias personales con familiares hospitalizados. Se realiza una entrevista estructurada a 265 acompañantes de instituciones de salud del segundo nivel de complejidad, en las cuales se indagó por aspectos socio-demográficos de los usuarios y acompañantes, las acciones de cuidado que ejecuta el acompañante y cuáles son indicados, explicados y apoyados por el equipo de enfermería. La educación que éste proporciona al acompañante es otro asunto que se cuestionó en la muestra. De los usuarios con acompañante el 54 por ciento son de sexo femenino, los de mayor tiempo de compañía están en el grupo etáreo de 64 a 77 años y se caracterizan por un nivel bajo de escolaridad. Como primera causa de morbilidad está los problemas gasasculares. trointestinales; seguidos de los problemas cardiovLas personas que más acomp edad de 45 años.añan son los hijos ás realizan los acompañantes son los relcionados con la subsistencia, como el baño y la alimentación, accioade sexo femenino, con promedio de Los cuidados que nes como la lectura, el juego y la música son realmizados sólo en el 10 por ciento en contraste con la conversación que es una de las acciones que más se realizan. La interacción del equipo de enfermería con el acompañante es mínima para casi todos los cuidados explorados en el estudio, se presentó la mayor interacción en la indicación, explicación y apoyo del baño. La auxiliar de enfermería es quien más interactúa con el acompañante en estas categorías; sobresale la poca interacción del profesional en enfermería. La educación, es impartida por el profesional de enfermería en mayor proporción; sin embargo, sólo se brinda al 11 por ciento del total de usuarios hospitalizados. Solo sí se penetra en el misterio del cuidado y se aborda profundamente el carácter humano y cultural de éste podemos trascender la relación con el usuario en términos de confianza, respeto y pertinencia con su familia y con el entorno social.
Assuntos
Cuidadores , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Serviços de EnfermagemRESUMO
Objetivos: Caracterizar una muestra de familias y tríos de una población colombiana aislada para mapear loci involucrados en la vulnerabilidad al Trastorno Afectivo Bipolar tipo I (TAB- I). Métodos: Se recolectan tríos y genealogías utilizando las entrevistas FIGS-DIGS en miembros de las familias y posibles afectados. El poder para detectar ligamiento (PDL) se estima por simulación. El modelo utilizado asume una frecuencia para el alelo afectado de 0.003, penetrancias de 0.01,0.81 y 0.9 y un marcador de cuatro alelos a 5cM del locus. Resultados: Se identificaron 28 familias con TAB-I, con 3.603 individuos y 160 afectados, y 246 tríos. Asumiendo homogeneidad genética y teniendo en cuenta la evidencia genética del mestizaje, las simulaciones mostraron PDL significativos de 100 por ciento para un LOD-score>3. Estamos examinando el desequilibrio promedio en tríos y tamizando en familias los cromosomas 12,18 y 21. Conclusión: Tenemos un grupo significativo de familias y trios pertenecientes a una población aislada con un poder para detectar ligamiento al Trastorno Afectivo Bipolar. Esto permite realizar estudios de ligamiento buscando genes involucrados en la vulnerabilidad al TAB-I en población Colombiana
Assuntos
Transtorno BipolarRESUMO
The short variant of a functional length polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter has been associated with several behavioural and psychiatric traits, including bipolar mood disorder. The same short allele has also been implicated as a modifier of the bipolar phenotype. Here we evaluate the etiologic/modifier role of this polymorphism in a case (N=103) / control (N=112) sample for bipolar mood disorder (type I) collected from an isolated South American population. We did not detect an association between bipolar disorder and the 5-HTT promoter polymorphism in this sample. However, an excess of the short allele was seen in younger cases and in cases with psychotic symptoms. When combined with data from the literature, the increased frequency of the short allele in patients with psychotic symptoms was statistically significant.