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Introduction: The different strategies used worldwide to curb the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2021 had a negative psychosocial impact, which was disproportionately higher for socially and economically vulnerable groups. This article seeks to identify the psychosocial impact of the confinement period during the COVID-19 pandemic for the Colombian population by identifying profiles that predict the levels of different mental health indicators (feelings of fear, positive emotions or feelings during free time, and work impact) and based on them, characterize the risk factors and protection that allows us to propose guidelines for prevention or recovery from future health emergencies. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective ex post facto study. Multistage cluster probabilistic sampling and binary logistic regression analysis were used to predict extreme levels of various mental health indicators based on psychosocial indicators of the COVID-19 confinement period and to identify risk and protection factors. Results: A relationship was established between the combination of some of the different psychosocial factors evaluated (this combination being the predictive profile identified) with each of the three main variables: feeling of fear (n = 8,247; R = 0.32; p = 0.00; Poverall = 62.4%; 𝜔overall = 0.25; 1-𝛽overall = 1.00), positive emotions or feelings during free time (n = 6,853; R = 0.25; p = 0.00; Poverall = 59.1%; 𝜔overall = 0.18; 1-𝛽overall = 1.00) and labour impact (n = 4,573; R = 0.47; p = 0.63; Poverall = 70.4%; 𝜔overall = 0.41; 1-𝛽overall = 1.00), with social vulnerability determined by sociodemographic factors that were common in all profiles (sex, age, ethnicity and socioeconomic level) and conditions associated with job insecurity (unemployed, loss of health insurance and significant changes to job's requirements) and place of residence (city). Conclusion: For future health emergencies, it is necessary to (i) mitigate the socio-employment impact from emergency containment measures in a scaled and differentiated manner at the local level, (ii) propose prevention and recovery actions through psychosocial and mental health care accessible to the entire population, especially vulnerable groups, (iii) Design and implement work, educational and recreational adaptation programs that can be integrated into confinement processes.

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Introducción: Se presentan los resultados de un estudio experimental para contrastar el efecto de la modalidad de presentación de un mensaje de educación-entretenimiento (escrito versus audiovisual) en los procesos cognitivos de recepción, en función de la necesidad de cognición. Método: Participaron 109 hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos condiciones experimentales (mensaje escrito versus mensaje audiovisual). Resultados: Se encontró que la necesidad de cognición moderó el efecto de la modalidad del mensaje sobre la elaboración cognitiva (el mensaje escrito incrementaba la elaboración cognitiva en participantes con baja necesidad de cognición) y sobre la contraargumentación (el formato escrito generó menor contraargumentación en participantes con alta necesidad de cognición), pero no sobre la reactancia. Conclusiones: La efectividad de un mensaje de educación-entretenimiento está determinada tanto por las características del mensaje (la modalidad de presentación) como por las diferencias individuales de las personas (la necesidad de cognición). De manera particular, la necesidad de cognición es una variable relevante para comprender los procesos cognitivos de recepción (la elaboración cognitiva y la contraargumentación) que desempeñan un papel fundamental en el estudio de la persuasión narrativa.

Introduction: This article presents the results of an experimental study that sought to contrast the effect of the entertainment education message (written versus audiovisual) on the cognitive processes of reception, as a function of the need for cognition. Method: 109 MSM participated, randomly distributed, in two experimental conditions (written versus audiovisual message). Results: We found that the need for cognition moderated the effect of message modality on cognitive elaboration and in contra-argumentation, but not on reactance. Data shows that written message increased cognitive elaboration in participants with low need for cognition and generated less contra-argumentation in participants with a higher need for cognition. Conclusions: The effectiveness of an entertainment-education message is determined by both the characteristics of the message (the modality of presentation) and the individual differences of people (the need for cognition). In particular, the need for cognition is a relevant variable for understanding the cognitive processes of reception (cognitive elaboration and contra-argumentation) that play a fundamental role in the study of narrative persuasion.

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Resumen Este estudio analiza los cambios estructurales experimentados por un equipo interprofesional que implementa un programa de intervención psicosocial dirigido a víctimas de la guerra en Colombia. Los equipos están compuestos por psicólogos, trabajadores sociales y facilitadores comunitarios que proporcionan atención a nivel individual, familiar y comunitario. Se aplicaron métodos de evaluación estructural para identificar cambios en la cohesión de las redes de reconocimiento entre profesionales, así como la preferencia para colaborar y el intercambio de información enviada y recibida. La recogida de información se produjo en dos series temporales -tiempo 1 (T1) y tiempo 2 (T2)- con un intervalo de tres meses. Se utilizó una estadística aplicada al análisis de datos relacionales para determinar los cambios en las redes en T1 y T2. En el período de referencia se incrementó la densidad en las redes de reconocimiento [. = 1.7105, (IC 95 %: -.0123 - .185), . < .0444] y de preferencia para trabajar [. = 2.0942, (IC 95 %: .005 - .1521), . < .0218]. Las redes de intercambio de información no experimentaron cambios significativos. Las regresiones múltiples a nivel diádico indican que la preferencia para trabajar e intercambiar información en T1, predicen el intercambio de información relativo tanto a peticiones de información recibidas como enviadas en T2. Se discuten los resultados para optimizar la implementación de programas de intervención psicosocial desarrolladas por equipos interprofesionales.

Abstract The study analyzes the structural changes experienced by an interprofessional team implementing a psychosocial intervention program for victims of war in Colombia. The program is called "PAPSIVI" (Programa de Atención Psicosocial y Salud Integral a Víctimas), which has been operating in Colombia since 2013, thanks to Law 1448 of 2011 to improve the quality of life and repair the damage of the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. It only served people registered in the Single Registry of Victims (RUV), which had 9'165,126 records throughout the country until September 2021. This program follows a comprehensive and restorative approach that defines victims as protagonists of their own process of empowerment and positive change (Laplante and Holguin, 2006; Thompson, 1996). For this purpose, a multilevel intervention is carried out at the individual, family and community levels. The program is implemented by teams of professionals (psychologists, social workers and community facilitators) of varying sizes depending on the number of victims served in the municipalities. Psychologists provide individual psychological care and, to a lesser extent, family therapy is also offered to try to repair psychosocial damage from exposure to situations of violence (Oficina de Promoción Social, 2017). Social workers carry out community interventions to promote the associative fabric and social capital. Community promoters are facilitators and connect professionals with the potential beneficiaries of the intervention. The latter are very important, having themselves the status of victims, which increases the ecological validity of the intervention. Due to the characteristics of the implementation of this initiative, which takes into account the difficulties of the context (with situations of deprivation and vulnerability), as well as the particularities of the participants, it is valid to ask in this research what are the structural changes experienced by the teams of professionals who implement PAPSIVI. For this, structural evaluation methods were applied to identify changes in the cohesion of recognition networks among professionals, the preference to collaborate and the exchange of information sent and received. Data collection took place in two time series (T1 before - T2 after) with an interval of three months. Statistics applied to relational data analysis were used to determine changes in the networks at time T2. In the results it was found that in the baseline period the density in the recognition [t = 1.7105, (95 % CI: -.0123 - .185), p < .0444] and work preference [t = 2.0942, (95 % CI: .005 - .1521), p < .0218] networks increased. Information exchange networks did not experience significant changes. Multiple regressions at the dyadic level indicate that the preference for working and exchanging information at T1 predicts information exchange relative to both information requests received and sent at T2. It is concluded that the results shed light for: (a) optimize the design of psychosocial intervention teams; (b) improve their functioning by introducing horizontal organizational communication tools (among the members of each team), transversal (among the members of the teams implementing the program in different municipalities), and vertical (by promoting communication between professionals and program managers/responsible persons), and (c) achieve that changes in the structure of the teams serve as a diagnostic tool for functional problems of the team associated with the exchange of professional information and the referral of users. Ultimately, better integration of the teams leads to better psychosocial profiles of the users of programs such as PAPSIVI and allows them to better adapt their activities to the needs of the users, which improves the effectiveness of the intervention (Virto, 2021).

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Abstract. This review provides a qualitative comparative analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of 27 studies in which the results of the implementation of programs involved in child maltreatment are presented with an attachment perspective. The studies were examined following the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. It was found that the programs promote the development of maternal sensitivity, mentalization or reflective functioning and empathy, however, the underlying mechanisms are not differentiated according to the type of abuse to intervene. Likewise, it was found that despite the recognition of the mother's violent childhood experiences as one of the main predisposing factors for child abuse, it is a variable that is scarcely considered in the programs examined. These findings indicate the importance of developing intervention programs that consider a cumulative ecological risk perspective.

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In this article, an attempt was made to identify the level of community social participation according to age, gender, and the structural characteristics of the personal support networks in a population displaced by floods in the Colombian Caribbean. The research was based on a non-experimental methodology with an associative-relational strategy. An intentional non-probabilistic sample of 151 people affected by the winter wave in the south of the Department of Atlántico (Colombia) was selected. In total, the study included 42 males (27.8%) and 109 females (72.2%) participants, with an average age of 37.48 (±14, ranging from 18 to 80) and average relocation time of 21.79 months (±8.22, ranging from 5 to 36). The Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule (ASSIS) and Community Empowerment instruments were responded to with an instrument adapted from the leadership competence factor. The results show lower rates of intermediation in the older population, and the relationship between social participation and gender shows equally cohesive social support networks in men and women. This evidence is discussed to promote psychosocial interventions aimed to increase community engagement and empowerment of people that have experienced non-voluntary mobility processes.

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Colombia is the second country with the highest number of internally displaced persons. In the last 10 years, more than 400,000 young people carry, in their life experiences, the title of victims. The psychological and social circumstances that determine the lives of displaced young people in the world are not unknown. Fear, the poor resources for social adaptation available to them, and the possible reproduction of the cycle of violence, represent psychosocial risk factors in the young and displaced population. In this context, the Victims Law in Colombia stipulated various measures of repairment, including Relocation (the person or household victim of forced displacement decides to settle in some place, other than the one they were forced to leave) and Return (the person or the household victim of forced displacement decides to return to the place from which they were displaced, in order to settle indefinitely) provided the conditions of voluntariness, security, and dignity are present. A hypothesis that well-being will be better in the returnees was set, since they would strengthen the social support networks between neighbors and other victims in their old spaces of life. To test the hypothesis, the scales of Psychological Well-being, Social Well-being, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Psychosocial Trauma Scale were applied to young returnees (n = 129) and relocated (n = 259) in Colombia. The Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed to extract the general measure of well-being and psychosocial trauma followed by the comparison between the groups. Significance, power, and effect size indicators were obtained, and finally, the partial correlation between the groups was made in relation to psychosocial trauma and well-being. Results showed that returnees have greater well-being and clearer indicators (d = 0.365, 1-ß = 0.996), with respect to that of relocated. In addition, the well-being of returnees has fewer trauma factors, who in turn are quasi-moderated by the situation of return or relocation.

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An integrative review of the literature of the last thirty years on evaluations of HIV prevention strategies implemented in the mass media in Latin America was conducted. A total of 246 documents were identified, of which 12 met the selection criteria and 15 campaign evaluations were identified. The results indicate that the most commonly used message was to promote the use of condoms. Most evaluations focused on remembering the message of campaigns and media exposure. Only three yield results on knowledge assessments and two on attitudes to condom use; nine reported behavioral changes. In conclusion, there are few articles with evaluation results. The assessment of behaviors is increasingly taken into account. Pre-experimental evaluation designs are used.(AU)

Foi feita uma revisão integrativa da literatura dos últimos trinta anos sobre avaliações de estratégias de prevenção ao HIV implementadas nos meios de comunicação de massa na América Latina. Foram identificados 246 documentos, dos quais 12 atenderam aos criterios de seleção e 15 avaliações de campanhas foram identificadas. Os resultados indicam que a mensagem mais usada foi promover o uso de preservativos. A maioria das avaliações focou em lembrar a mensagem das campanhas. Apenas três apresentam resultados de avaliações do conhecimento e outros dois sobre a atitude em relação ao uso de preservativos. Cerca de nove relataram mudanças comportamentais. Concluindo, existem poucos artigos com resultados de avaliação desse tipo de campanhas. A avaliação comportamental é cada vez mais levada em consideração. Desenhos de avaliação pré-experimental com uma única medida pós-teste e sem um grupo controle são utilizados.(AU)

Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura de los últimos treinta años sobre las evaluaciones de las estrategias de prevención del VIH implementadas en los medios de comunicación masiva en América Latina. Se identificaron 246 documentos, de los cuales 12 cumplieron los criterios de selección, y se identificaron 15 evaluaciones de campañas. Los resultados indican que el mensaje más utilizado era promover el uso del condón. La mayoría de las evaluaciones se centraban en recordar el mensaje de las campañas. Solo tres arrojan resultados de evaluaciones de conocimientos y otras dos sobre la actitud frente al uso del condón. Acerca de nueve cambios de comportamiento. En conclusión, existen pocos artículos con resultados de evaluación de este tipo de campañas. Se utilizan diseños de evaluación pre-experimentales con una única medida pos-test y sin grupo control.(AU)

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Resumen La escala de riesgo suicida de Plutchik ha sido ampliamente utilizada para valorar el riesgo suicida; no obstante, se desconocen estudios sobre sus propiedades psicométricas en adolescentes colombianos. El objetivo de esta investigación tiene como finalidad establecer la adaptación, validez de constructo y confiabilidad de la escala en adolescentes colombianos. Se diseñó un estudio de tipo instrumental, en una muestra conformada por 481 adolescentes con edades entre 13 y 20 años (M = 16.3, DE = 1.4), 46% correspondió a hombres. La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y el número de factores se definió con el Análisis Paralelo de Horn y el ajuste con Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Se obtuvo una versión reducida de nueve ítems agrupados en dos factores que explicaron el 53% de la varianza común y muy buen ajuste [Χ2S-B = 26.36, gl = 26, p = .34; NNFI = 1.0, CFI = 1.0, RMSEA = .02, IC 90% (0.00, 0.05)]. Los ítems discriminaron entre quienes intentaron el suicidio y quienes no lo habían intentado. La confiabilidad por Alfa de Cronbach para depresión fue .72 y .80 para riesgo de suicidio; Omega de McDonald fue de .82 y .94 respectivamente. Se concluye que la nueva versión reducida de nueve ítems de la escala de riesgo de suicidio de Plutchik, posee características psicométricas adecuadas y su uso es recomendado en la valoración del riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes colombianos. Se requieren más investigaciones en contextos latinoamericanos.

Abstract Plutchik's suicide risk scale has been widely used to assess suicide risk; however, studies on its psychometric properties in Colombian adolescents are unknown. The objective was to establish the adaptation, construct validity and reliability of the scale in Colombian adolescents in Colombian adolescents. An instrumental study was designed, in a sample made up of 481 adolescents with age between 13 and 20 years (M = 16.3, SD = 1.4), 46% corresponded to men. Exploratory Factor Analysis evaluated the construct validity and the number of factors was defined with the Horn Parallel Analysis and the adjustment with Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A reduced version of nine items was obtained grouped into two factors that explained 53% of the common variance and very good fit [Χ2S-B = 26.36, gl = 26, p = 0.34; NNFI = 1.0, CFI = 1.0, RMSEA = 0.02, IC 90% (0.00, 0.05)]. The items discriminated between those who attempted suicide and those who had not tried. Cronbach's alpha reliability for depression was .72 and .80 for suicidal risk, McDonald's Omega was .82 and .94 respectively. It is concluded that the new reduced version of nine items of the Plutchik suicide risk scale has adequate psychometric characteristics and its use is recommended in the assessment of suicide risk in colombian adolescents.

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A cross-sectional study was carried out, aimed to establish the academic burnout, engagement, and mental health changes in engineering and health sciences students at the beginning and at the end of the semester studied. 145 students between ages 16-36, from a Colombian public university, were the participants evaluated from February to June in 2015 by the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale Symptom Inventory 90-R. The results indicate increase in exhaustion and cynicism, and reduction on dedication and depression during the semester. Burnout is more severe in engineering at the beginning of the semester, while the engagement is greater in health sciences. It is concluded that there are changes in exhaustion raise (exhaustion-cynicism), decrease in engagement (dedication), and mental health, especially in the symptoms of depression; in addition, there is the distinction of burnout-engagement in engineering and health sciences at the beginning of the semester.

Se realizó un estudio transversal repetido, que tuvo por objetivo establecer los cambios del burnout académico, engagement y la salud mental en estudiantes de ingenierías y ciencias de la salud al inicio y final de un semestre de estudio. Los participantes fueron 145 estudiantes entre 16-36 años de una universidad pública colombiana, evaluados en Febrero 2015- Junio 2015 por el Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale Inventario de Síntomas 90-R. Los resultados indican incrementos del agotamiento y cinismo, y reducción de la dedicación y depresión durante el semestre; el burnout es más severo en ingenierías al inicio del semestre, mientras el engagement es mayor en ciencias de la salud. Se concluye que existen cambios en ascenso del burnout (agotamientocinismo), descenso del engagement (dedicación) y la salud mental, sobre todo en los síntomas de depresión, además de distinción del burnout-engagement en ingenierías y ciencias de la salud al comienzo de un semestre.

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Resumen Objetivo: Esta investigación tuvo como propósito identificar la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento y el bienestar psicológico. Método: Se empleó un diseño transversal correlacional en una muestra de 104 adolescentes que estudian en colegios públicos de la ciudad de Montería (Córdoba, Colombia). Se aplicó la Escala de Afrontamiento para Adolescentes y el cuestionario de Bienestar Psicológico. Resultados: Se identificó una asociación significativa entre las variables de afrontamiento y bienestar psicológico. Conclusión: Los adolescentes que utilizan de forma recurrente estrategias de afrontamiento dirigidas a la resolución de problemas y a la búsqueda de apoyo social presentan mayores niveles de bienestar psicológico.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to identify the relationship between coping strategies and psychological well-being. Method: A cross-correlation design was used in a sample of 104 adolescents studying in public schools in the city of Montería (Córdoba, Colombia). The Teen Coping Scale and the Psychological Wellbeing Questionnaire were applied. Results: A significant association between the variables of coping and psychological well-being was identified. Conclusion: Adolescents who use recurrent coping strategies aimed at solving problems and seeking social support present higher levels of psychological well-being.

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