RESUMO
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis represents a promising method for the diagnosis, treatment selection and clinical follow-up of cancer patients. Although its general methodological feasibility and usefulness has been demonstrated, several issues related to standardisation and technical validation must be addressed for its routine clinical application in cancer. In this regard, most cfDNA clinical applications are still limited to clinical trials, proving its value in several settings. In this paper, we review the current clinical trials involving cfDNA/ctDNA analysis and highlight those where it has been useful for patient stratification, treatment follow-up or development of novel approaches for early diagnosis. Our query included clinical trials, including the terms 'cfDNA', 'ctDNA', 'liquid biopsy' AND 'cancer OR neoplasm' in the FDA and EMA public databases. We identified 1370 clinical trials (FDA = 1129, EMA = 241) involving liquid-biopsy analysis in cancer. These clinical trials show promising results for the early detection of cancer and confirm cfDNA as a tool for real-time monitoring of acquired therapy resistance, accurate disease-progression surveillance and improvement of treatment, situations that result in a better quality of life and extended overall survival for cancer patients.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/análise , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/metabolismo , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Animais , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Medicina de PrecisãoRESUMO
Esta investigación se fundamente desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos y enfoque de género. Su objetivo fue explorar el impacto de una intervención de Terapia Ocupacional sobre el vínculo madre e hija en mujeres privadas de libertad del Centro Penitenciario de Punta Arenas, región de Magallanes. Para este estudio se empleó la metodología cualitativa y su diseño de investigación en un estudio de caso. Utilizó técnicas de observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad. El análisis de los datos se desarrolló bajo la directriz de la teoría fundamentada. Los resultados indican cambios positivos en las áreas de afectividad, motivación y empatía. Se evidencia un impacto positivo en el apego, desarrollo del vínculo madre-hija, toma de conciencia de la relación filial y cambios positivos en la percepción del rol de madre. Resulta urgente seguir avanzando a nivel nacional en el reconocimiento y abordaje de necesidades de las mujeres que residen en el sistema penitenciario, así como en estrategias que les permitan acceder a ocupaciones significativas en este contexto, respetando sus derechos humanos fundamentales.
This research is based in human rights perspectives with gender approach. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of an occupational therapy intervention regarding relationship between mother and child inside the Penitentiary Precinct of Punta Arenas. In order to accomplish the goal qualitative methods were used and the design was a case study. Data collection included active-participant observation and interviews with mothers. Data analysis was developed under the guidance of grounded theory. Results show positive changes in affection, attachment, motivation and empathy. There is a positive impact in attachment, development of the link mother-daughter, conscience of the affiliated relation and positive changes in the perception of the mothers role. It is urgent to continue advancing in Chile about the recognition and boarding on needs of women who reside in the penitentiary system: in strategies that allow them to accede to significant occupations in this context, and therefore to respect their fundamental human rights.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Relações Mãe-Filho , Apego ao Objeto , Prisioneiros , Terapia Ocupacional/métodos , Chile , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Background: Hydatidosis is an endemic zoonosis in Chile. We report a 48-year-old former slaughterman, with a previous history of pulmonary hydatidosis, who presented a stroke without associated cardiovascular symptoms. An echocardiogram revealed a tumor mass with cystic features in the left ventricle. The patient was operated and the cyst was successfully excised. During the follow up, the patient remains asymptomatic.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cardiomiopatias/parasitologia , Cistos/parasitologia , Equinococose/parasitologia , Doenças Negligenciadas/parasitologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
Regulation of cell renewal in the periodontium is a critical cell function that has not been clarified. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted signaling molecule that plays a key role during development and adult tissue homeostasis. In the present study, we have analyzed the role played by Shh in human periodontal ligament stem cell (HPLSC) proliferation. HPLSC were isolated with anti-STRO-1 antibodies. Shh increased the expression of GLI1 and PTC-1 and selectively stimulated cell proliferation in STRO-1(+) derived from adult periodontal ligament. Shh components were localized to primary cilia in STRO-1(+) cells after Shh stimulation. STRO-1(+) also expressed Shh, suggesting an autocrine-regulated phenomenon. Thus, we propose that Shh plays a critical role in the regulation of cell proliferation in STRO-1(+)/HPLSC.
Assuntos
Proteínas Hedgehog/farmacologia , Ligamento Periodontal/citologia , Células-Tronco/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos de Superfície/análise , Comunicação Autócrina/fisiologia , Contagem de Células , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Separação Celular , Cílios/ultraestrutura , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , Humanos , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/análise , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Proteínas Nucleares/análise , Receptores Patched , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Purinas/farmacologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/análise , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/fisiologia , Receptor Smoothened , Fatores de Transcrição/análise , Adulto Jovem , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco , Proteína Gli2 com Dedos de ZincoRESUMO
Relatam-se o primeiro isolamento de herpesvirus canino 1 (CaHV-1) e a localização atípica das lesões vesiculares associadas a este vírus na Argentina. A amostra foi recuperada de lesões vesiculares, localizadas na parte interna da coxa direita, em uma fêmea de raça Labrador. A cadela tinha quatro anos de idade e era de propriedade privada. O primeiro diagnóstico foi realizado pela reação em cadeia da polimerase e, posteriormente, o vírus foi isolado e sua identificação confirmada por imunofluorescência indireta e pelo teste de neutralização viral.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Herpesvirus Canídeo 1/isolamento & purificação , Sinais e Sintomas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Imunofluorescência , Cães/virologiaRESUMO
Relatam-se o primeiro isolamento de herpesvirus canino 1 (CaHV-1) e a localização atípica das lesões vesiculares associadas a este vírus na Argentina. A amostra foi recuperada de lesões vesiculares, localizadas na parte interna da coxa direita, em uma fêmea de raça Labrador. A cadela tinha quatro anos de idade e era de propriedade privada. O primeiro diagnóstico foi realizado pela reação em cadeia da polimerase e, posteriormente, o vírus foi isolado e sua identificação confirmada por imunofluorescência indireta e pelo teste de neutralização viral.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Herpesvirus Canídeo 1/isolamento & purificação , Sinais e Sintomas , Argentina , Cães/virologia , Imunofluorescência , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Methylation is an inactivation mechanism for tumor suppressor genes, that can have important clinical implications. AIM: To analyze the methylation status of 11 tumor suppressor genes in pathological samples of diffuse gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty three patients with diffuse gastric cancer with information about survival and infection with Epstein Barr virus, were studied. DNA was extracted from pathological slides and the methylation status of genes p14, p15, p16, APC, p73, FHIT, E-cadherin, SEMA3B, BRCA-1, MINT-2 y MGMT, was studied using sodium bisulphite modification and polymerase chain reaction. Results were grouped according to the methylation index or Hierarchical clustering (TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer). RESULTS: Three genes had a high frequency of methylation (FHIT, BRCA1, APC), four had an intermediate frequency (p15, MGMT, p14, MINT2) and four had a low frequency (p16, p73, E-cadherin, SEMA3B). The methylation index had no association with clinical or pathological features of tumors or patients survival. Hierarchical clustering generated two clusters. One grouped clinical and pathological features with FHIT, BRCA1, and APC and the other grouped the other eight genes and Epstein Barr virus infection. Two significant associations were found, between APC and survival and p16/p14 and Epstein Barr virus infection. CONCLUSIONS: Hierarchical clustering is a tool that identifies associations between clinical and pathological features of tumors and methylation of tumor suppressor genes.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/genética , Metilação de DNA , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma/virologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/genética , Feminino , Genes APC , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Neoplasias Gástricas/virologiaRESUMO
Background:Methylation is an inactivation mechanism for tumor suppressor genes, that can have important clinical implications. Aim: To analyze the methylation status of 11 tumor suppressor genes in pathological samples of diffuse gastric cancer. Material and methods: Eighty three patients with diffuse gastric cancer with information about survival and infection with Epstein Barr virus, were studied. DNA was extracted from pathological slides and the methylation status of genes p14, p15, p16, APC, p73, FHIT, E-caderin, SEMA3B, BRCA-1, MINT-2 y MGMT, was studied using sodium bisulphite modification and polymerase chain reaction. Results were grouped according to the methylation index or Hierarchical clustering (TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer). Results: Three genes had a high frequency of methylation (FHIT, BRCA1, APC), four had an intermediate frequency (p15, MGMT, p14, MINT2) and four had a low frequency (p16, p73, E-cadherin, SEMA3B). The methylation index had no association with clinical or pathological features of tumors or patients survival. Hierarchical clustering generated two clusters. One grouped clinical and pathological features with FHIT, BRCA1, and APC and the other grouped the other eight genes and Epstein Barr virus infection. Two significant associations were found, between APC and survival and p16/p14 and Epstein Barr virus infection. Conclusions: Hierarchical clustering is a tool that identifies associations between clinical and pathological features of tumors and methylation of tumor suppressor genes.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Carcinoma/genética , Metilação de DNA , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Carcinoma/virologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/genética , Genes APC , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Neoplasias Gástricas/virologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genéticaRESUMO
Background: Mortality caused by cardial gastric cancer in Chile, is increasing. Previously we demonstrated an association between Epstein Barr virus and this specific location of gastric cancer. Aim: To perform a clinical and molecular characterization of cardial gastric cancer associated to Epstein Barr virus. Material and methods: Epstein Barr virus was identified in 93 cardial gastric tumors, by in situ hybridization. Clinical and pathological features, survival and expression of p53 and c-erbB2 were compared between tumors with or without the presence of the virus. Results: Twenty two (23.6%) tumors expressed Epstein Barr virus. No difference in sex or age of patients with tumors positive or negative for the virus was observed. Epstein Barr positive tumors had a tendency to have a higher frequency of Bormann III endoscopic appearance and a lower frequency of p53 accumulation (p=0.06). Five years survival was 67% and 42% of tumors positive and negative for the presence of the virus, respectively (p=0.57). Conclusions: Our results, although not significant, show a tendency towards unique characteristics of cardial gastric tumors associated to Epstein Barr virus.