RESUMO
Osteoarticular tuberculosis is a rare complication of the disseminated disease and appears, in different series, between 10% to 20%, trough hematogenous spread. Tuberculosis hip involvement is less than 10% of all the cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis. The diagnosis is confirmed by the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in samples obtained from joint fluid or synovial membrane biopsy by direct examination and culture, in order to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Here, we present a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who developed a disseminated tuberculosis with affection of the hip in the context of the immunodeficiency related with the retrovirus.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Articulação do Quadril/microbiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Tuberculose Osteoarticular/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Osteoarticular tuberculosis is a rare complication of the disseminated disease and appears, in different series, between 10% to 20%, trough hematogenous spread. Tuberculosis hip involvement is less than 10% of all the cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis. The diagnosis is confirmed by the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in samples obtained from joint fluid or synovial membrane biopsy by direct examination and culture, in order to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Here, we present a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who developed a disseminated tuberculosis with affection of the hip in the context of the immunodeficiency related with the retrovirus.
La tuberculosis osteo-articular es una localización infrecuente de las formas diseminadas de la enfermedad tuberculosa. Su incidencia, según las distintas series, oscila entre 10% y el 20%. Su patogenia es la diseminación por vía hematógena. La coxitis o afección tuberculosa de la cadera representa menos de 10% de las TB osteo-articulares. El diagnóstico se confirma con la detección de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en las muestras obtenidas del líquido articular o la biopsia de la membrana sinovial a través del examen directo y el cultivo. Presentamos un paciente con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) que desarrolló una TB diseminada con compromiso de la cadera en el contexto de su inmunodeficiencia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Articulação do Quadril/microbiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Tuberculose Osteoarticular/diagnósticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Rhodococcus equi is a gram positive coccoid rod that causes pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, radiological, and immunological features as well as the outcomes of 13 AIDS patients with R. equi infection. RESULTS: Between January 1994 and December 2012, 13 patients attending the AIDS department of the Infectious Diseases reference hospital in Buenos Aires were diagnosed with R. equi infection. All were men, the median age was 27 years. At the time of diagnosis, the median of CD4+ T cell counts was 11 cells/µl Twelve patients presented pulmonary disease with isolation of the microorganism from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage; in the other patient the diagnosis was postmortem with positive culture of cerebrospinal fluid. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, haemoptysis, and weight loss. The predominant radiological finding was lobe consolidation with cavitation. Nine patients died after a median survival of 5.5 months. In all of them, cultures persisted positive until the last admission. The other 4 patients did continue clinical follow-ups. CONCLUSION: The insidious course of R. equi disease and the difficulties in the isolation of the microorganism contribute to the delay in the diagnosis and to the high mortality rate of this opportunistic infection.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Rhodococcus equi , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/mortalidade , Infecções por Actinomycetales/diagnóstico , Infecções por Actinomycetales/mortalidade , Adulto , Argentina , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Diagnóstico Tardio , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introduction: Rhodococcus equi is a gram positive coccoid rod that causes pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, radiological, and immunological features as well as the outcomes of 13 AIDS patients with R. equi infection. Results: Between January 1994 and December 2012, 13 patients attending the AIDS department of the Infectious Diseases reference hospital in Buenos Aires were diagnosed with R. equi infection. All were men, the median age was 27 years. At the time of diagnosis, the median of CD4+ T cell counts was 11 cells/μl Twelve patients presented pulmonary disease with isolation of the microorganism from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage; in the other patient the diagnosis was postmortem with positive culture of cerebrospinal fluid. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, haemoptysis, and weight loss. The predominant radiological finding was lobe consolidation with cavitation. Nine patients died after a median survival of 5.5 months. In all of them, cultures persisted positive until the last admission. The other 4 patients did continue clinical follow-ups. Conclusion: The insidious course of R. equi disease and the difficulties in the isolation of the microorganism contribute to the delay in the diagnosis and to the high mortality rate of this opportunistic infection.
Introducción: Rhodococcus equi es un cocobacilo grampositivo que provoca compromiso pulmonar en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Métodos: En el presente trabajo se analizaron de manera retrospectiva los hallazgos epidemiológicos, clínicos, microbiológicos, imagenológicos, inmunológicos y la evolución de 13 pacientes con SIDA y enfermedad por R. equi. Resultados: Entre enero de 1994 y diciembre de 2012, 13 pacientes internados en la División de VIH/SIDA del hospital de referencia para Enfermedades Infecciosas de la ciudad de Buenos Aires egresaron con diagnóstico de enfermedad por R. equi. Todos eran varones y la mediana de edad fue 27 años. La mediana de linfocitos T CD4+ fue de 11 céls/μl Doce pacientes presentaron enfermedad pulmonar con aislamiento del microorganismo del esputo o del lavado bronco-alveolar; en el restante se recibió post mortem el cultivo positivo de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, hemoptisis y pérdida de peso. La imagen radiológica predominante fue la consolidación con cavitación. Nueve pacientes fallecieron, con una mediana de supervivencia de 5,5 meses. En todos ellos el cultivo persistió positivo hasta la última internación. Los cuatro restantes abandonaron los controles y no pudieron ser evaluados en el tiempo. Conclusión: El curso insidioso de la enfermedad por R. equi y las dificultades en la identificación del microorganismo, contribuyen al retardo en el diagnóstico y a la elevada mortalidad de esta infección oportunista en esta población de pacientes.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Rhodococcus equi , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/mortalidade , Argentina , Infecções por Actinomycetales/diagnóstico , Infecções por Actinomycetales/mortalidade , Diagnóstico Tardio , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Kocuria rosea is an uncommon pathogen may cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patient. We report a HIV patient, who presented bacteremia caused by Kocuria rosea. He was successfully treated with vancomycin and by catheter removal.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/imunologia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Micrococcaceae/classificação , Micrococcaceae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Kocuria rosea is an uncommon pathogen may cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patient. We report a HIV patient, who presented bacteremia caused by Kocuria rosea. He was successfully treated with vancomycin and by catheter removal.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/imunologia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Micrococcaceae/classificação , Micrococcaceae/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
La neurocisticercosis (NCC) es una infección del sistema nervioso central (SNC) originada por el estadio larvario de Taenia solium. Esta importante parasitosis es la causa más frecuente de epilepsia adquirida del adulto.Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes de las formas parenquimatosas son la cefalea y las convulsiones,mientras que las formas extraparenquimatosas suelen presentarse con hidrocefalia. En este aspecto, es importante destacar que las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad son el resultado de la muerte de la larva del cestodo y de la reacción inflamatoria perilesional que se produce en el SNC. El diagnóstico de NCC se basa en la epidemiología, las manifestaciones clínicas, los hallazgos de las neuroimágenes y la serología, y su tratamiento incluye el uso de fármacos antiepilépticos, corticoesteroides y drogas antiparasitarias, como el albendazol o el praziquantel. En este trabajo se describen dos casos de neurocisticercosis parenquimatosa con lesiones únicas que se manifestaron con cefalea y convulsiones...
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , História do Século XVIII , Adulto Jovem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neurocisticercose/diagnóstico , Neurocisticercose/tratamento farmacológico , Neurocisticercose , Albendazol/administração & dosagem , Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Cefaleia/etiologia , Convulsões/etiologia , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Taenia soliumRESUMO
La neurocisticercosis (NCC) es una infección del sistema nervioso central (SNC) originada por el estadio larvario de Taenia solium. Esta importante parasitosis es la causa más frecuente de epilepsia adquirida del adulto. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes de las formas parenquimatosas son la cefalea y las convulsiones, mientras que las formas extraparenquimatosas suelen presentarse con hidrocefalia. En este aspecto, es importante destacar que las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad son el resultado de la muerte de la larva del cestodo y de la reacción inflamatoria perilesional que se produce en el SNC. El diagnóstico de NCC se basa en la epidemiología, las manifestaciones clínicas, los hallazgos de las neuroimágenes y la serología, y su tratamiento incluye el uso de fármacos antiepilépticos, corticoesteroides y drogas antiparasitarias, como el albendazol o el praziquantel. En este trabajo se describen dos casos de neurocisticercosis parenquimatosa con lesiones únicas que se manifestaron con cefalea y convulsiones.(AU)
Neurocysticercosis is a central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium. This major parasitic infection is the most common cause of adult-onset epilepsy. The most common clinical manifestations of the parenchymal form of this disease are headache and seizures, whereas extraparenchymal forms typically present with hydrocephalus. In this context, it is important to emphasize that the clinical manifestations of this disease are the result of the death of the tapeworm larvae and of the perilesional inflammatory reaction that occurs in the CNS. The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is based on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings and serology. Treatment of neurocysticercosis includes the use of antiepileptic drugs, corticosteroids and antiparasitic therapy with albendazole or praziquantel. We report two cases of parenchymal neurocysticercosis with single lesions presenting with headache and seizures.(AU)
RESUMO
La histoplasmosis clásica o capsulati es una infección fúngica endémica en América, causada por un hongo dimorfo denominado Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. Es una micosis endémica en amplias áreas de América del Norte, Central y del Sur. La primoinfección se adquiere a partir de lainhalación de las microconidias del hongo que están presentes en el medio ambiente, especialmente en grutas y cavernas habitadas por murciélagos y en suelos con deyecciones de gallinas y de palomas. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la infección primaria son incaracterísticas y varían desdeinfecciones asintomáticas hasta enfermedad grave, lo que depende de la cantidad de conidias inhaladas. En este trabajo se describe un brote de primoinfección por Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum en cinco hermanas, oriundas de la localidad de San Isidro, provincia de Buenos Aires,ocurrido durante un viaje en automóvil por el norte de la República Argentina, que incluyó las provincias de Santiago del Estero y Tucumán. Cuatro de ellas presentaron manifestaciones clínicasleves a moderadas de enfermedad respiratoria aguda; la restante, en cambio, desarrolló un cuadro clínico grave, con manifestaciones infrecuentes, como conjuntivitis flictenular, eritema nudoso y artralgias. Todas evolucionaron de manera favorable sin requerir tratamiento antifúngico.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Histoplasma , Histoplasmose/epidemiologia , Surtos de DoençasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Strongyloides stercoralis is a nematode parasite, which is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Infection usually remains asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised hosts severe and life-threatening manifestations such as hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated disease might occur. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, including HIV co-infection, microbiological findings, and outcome in 30 patients with strongyloidiasis, who attended in the Infectious Diseases F. J. Muñiz Hospital in Buenos Aires from January 2004 to December 2008. RESULTS: The study included 20 men and 10 women with an average age of 33 years. HIV co-infection was present in 21 patients (70%) with a median CD4 T cell count of 50 cells/mm³ (range 7-355) (average 56 cells/mm³). Among HIV negative patients the following comorbidities were detected: tuberculosis (n = 3) and chronic alcoholism, leprosy treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressive treatment for psoriasis, and diabetes mellitus (each in one patient). Two patients did not have any predisposing diseases or immunosuppressive treatments. Seventeen patients presented with diarrhea and were classified as chronic intestinal strongyloidiasis (57%), asymptomatic infection with peripheral eosinophilia was diagnosed in 7 (23%), and 6 patients (20%) developed hyperinfection syndrome. Seventeen patients (57%) presented peripheral eosinophilia. Diagnosis was achieved by direct visualization of larvae in feces by Baermann technique (n = 20), by multiple stool smears examinations (n = 2), by combination of both (n = 1), by visualization of the filariform larvae in duodenal fluid and stool (n = 1), and in fecal and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens (n = 6). Overall mortality in this series was 20% (6/30). There was no significant correlation between age and mortality. A significant inverse correlation between the survival rate and CD4 T-cell count as well as eosinophilia was observed. There was also a significant correlation between HIV co-infection and mortality. Twenty-two patients responded favorably to treatment with ivermectin.