RESUMO
The phyllosphere, i.e., the aerial parts of the plant, provides one of the most important niches for microbial colonization. This niche supports the survival and, often, proliferation of microbes such as fungi and bacteria with diverse lifestyles including epiphytes, saprophytes, and pathogens. Although most microbes may complete the life cycle on the leaf surface, pathogens must enter the leaf and multiply aggressively in the leaf interior. Natural surface openings, such as stomata, are important entry sites for bacteria. Stomata are known for their vital role in water transpiration and gas exchange between the plant and the environment that is essential for plant growth. Recent studies have shown that stomata can also play an active role in limiting bacterial invasion of both human and plant pathogenic bacteria as part of the plant innate immune system. As counter-defense, plant pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 use the virulence factor coronatine to suppress stomate-based defense. A novel and crucial early battleground in host-pathogen interaction in the phyllosphere has been discovered with broad implications in the study of bacterial pathogenesis, host immunity, and molecular ecology of bacterial diseases.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Indenos/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiologia , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Estômatos de Plantas/fisiologia , Pseudomonas syringae/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/fisiologia , Aminoácidos/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Estômatos de Plantas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas syringae/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
The phyllosphere, i.e., the aerial parts of the plant, provides one of the most important niches for microbial colonization. This niche supports the survival and, often, proliferation of microbes such as fungi and bacteria with diverse lifestyles including epiphytes, saprophytes, and pathogens. Although most microbes may complete the life cycle on the leaf surface, pathogens must enter the leaf and multiply aggressively in the leaf interior. Natural surface openings, such as stomata, are important entry sites for bacteria. Stomata are known for their vital role in water transpiration and gas exchange between the plant and the environment that is essential for plant growth. Recent studies have shown that stomata can also play an active role in limiting bacterial invasion of both human and plant pathogenic bacteria as part of the plant innate immune system. As counter-defense, plant pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 use the virulence factor coronatine to suppress stomate-based defense. A novel and crucial early battleground in host-pathogen interaction in the phyllosphere has been discovered with broad implications in the study of bacterial pathogenesis, host immunity, and molecular ecology of bacterial diseases.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Indenos/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Estômatos de Plantas/fisiologia , Pseudomonas syringae/patogenicidade , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiologia , Fatores de Virulência/fisiologia , Aminoácidos/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Estômatos de Plantas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas syringae/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Data have been collected from 602 Caucasians, 190 Afro-Caribbeans and 257 Asians of Indo/Pakistani descent who have been profiled using a new six locus short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex. The data have been analysed by conventional significance testing methods: the exact test, homozygosity, and conventional goodness of fit to Hardy-Weinberg proportions. Frequency tables are given and the expected performance in British forensic casework is discussed.(AU)