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Internal social disparities in the Brazilian Amazon became more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this work was to examine the demographic, social and clinical factors associated with access to COVID-19 health care in Pará Province in the Brazilian Amazon. This was an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study using a quantitative method through an online survey conducted from May to August 2023. People were eligible to participate if they were current residents of Pará, 18-years-old or older, with self-reported diagnoses of COVID-19 through rapid or laboratory tests. Participants completed an electronic survey was developed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software-The adapted questionnaire "COVID-19 Global Clinical Platform: Case Report Form for Post-COVID Condition". Questions focused on access to COVID-19 treatment, demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccine and clinical characteristics. Respondent-driven sampling was applied to recruit participants. Multiple logistic regression was utilized to identify the associated factors. Overall, a total of 638 participants were included. The average age was 31.1 years. Access to COVID-19 health care was 68.65% (438/638). The participants most likely to access health care were those with moderate or severe COVID-19 (p = 0.000; OR: 19.8) and females (p = 0.001; OR: 1.99). Moreover, participants who used homemade tea or herbal medicines were less likely to receive health care for COVID-19 in health services (p = 0.002; OR: 0.54). Ensuring access to healthcare is important in a pandemic scenario.

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Objetivo: Compreender a autonomia do enfermeiro quanto as suas responsabilidades normativas legais no exercício das práticas de enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) do Pará. Métodos: Estudo observacional, de delineamento transversal qualitativo, realizado em três municípios do estado do Pará. A coleta de dados foi realizada de outubro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. Os participantes foram os enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foi realizada entrevista, com roteiro semiestruturado. Foi realizada análise temática dos conteúdos, com auxílio da ferramenta IRaMuTeq Resultados: Emergiram cinco categorias temáticas: 1) Autonomia do enfermeiro no contexto da prescrição de outro profissional na APS; 2) Autonomia para prescrição nos programas e exames na APS; 3) Áreas de identificação da autonomia profissional na APS; 4) As práticas preventivas na APS e suas dificuldades; e 5) Limites da prática profissional do enfermeiro na APS. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros da APS do Pará têm práticas de enfermagem individuais com diferentes tipos de autonomia, cujos cuidados colocam em prática com o respaldo dos protocolos e regulamentos técnicos. Contudo, há necessidade de ampliar e fortalecer parcerias com outros atores sociais municipais. (AU)

Objective: To understand the autonomy of nurses regarding their legal regulatory responsibilities in the exercise of nursing practices in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Pará. Methods: Observational study with qualitative cross-sectional design, conducted in three municipalities of the state of Pará. Data collection was carried out from October 2020 to January 2021. The participants were Primary Health Care nurses. Interviews were conducted, with a semi-structured script. A thematic analysis of the contents was performed, with the help of the IRaMuTeq tool. Results: Five thematic categories emerged: 1) Nurses' autonomy in the context of another professional's prescription in PHC; 2) Autonomy for prescription in programs and exams in PHC; 3) Areas of identification of professional autonomy in PHC; 4) Preventive practices in PHC and their difficulties; and 5) Limits of nurses' professional practice in PHC. Conclusion: PHC nurses in Pará have individual nursing practices with different types of autonomy, whose care they put into practice with the support of protocols and technical regulations. However, there is a need to expand and strengthen partnerships with other municipal social actors. (AU)

Objetivo: Comprender la autonomía de los enfermeros en cuanto a sus responsabilidades normativas legales en el ejercicio de las prácticas de enfermería en la Atención Básica a la Salud (APS) en Pará. Métodos: Estudio observacional, con diseño transversal cualitativo, realizado en tres municipios del estado de Pará. La recolección de datos se realizó de octubre de 2020 a enero de 2021. Los participantes fueron enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Se realizó una entrevista, con un guión semiestructurado. Se realizó un análisis temático de dos contenidos, con la ayuda de la herramienta IRaMuTeq. Resultados: Emergieron cinco categorías temáticas: 1) Autonomía del enfermero en el contexto de la prescripción de otro profesional en la APS; 2) Autonomía para prescribir programas y exámenes en la APS; 3) Áreas de identificación de la autonomía profesional en APS; 4) Prácticas preventivas en APS y sus dificultades; y 5) Límites del ejercicio profesional de enfermería en la APS. Conclusión: Los enfermeros de la APS de Pará tienen prácticas de enfermería individuales con diferentes tipos de autonomía, cuyo cuidado está sustentado por dos protocolos y normas técnicas. Sin embargo, existe la necesidad de ampliar y fortalecer las alianzas con otros socios municipales. (AU)

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Objetivo: analisar as práticas individuais e coletivas que estão associadas as dificuldades dos enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde da região Norte. Métodos: observacional de prevalência e analítico. Foram incluídos enfermeiros da atenção básica. A coleta ocorreu entre novembro de 2019 a agosto de 2021, nos sete estados do Norte, através de um formulário eletrônico, analisados pelos testes binomial, quiquadrado e G no programa Bioestat. Resultados: Entre os 626 enfermeiros do estudo, 15,7% (98/626) afirmaram ter dificuldade no exercício de suas práticas, quanto à autonomia das suas responsabilidades normativas legais. O Amapá teve menor proporção (8,3%; 9/108) de enfermeiros com dificuldade em relação a região. As práticas associadas a dificuldade foram: a não participação do enfermeiro no gerenciamento dos insumos (p=0,03), realizar consulta eventualmente (p=0,03) e nunca prescrever medicamentos (p=0,02); resolutividade insuficiente na consulta pré-natal (p=0,000), acompanhamento de crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil (p=0,001); planejamento familiar (p=0,000); hanseníase (p=0,005); tuberculose (p=0,031); hipertensão arterial (p<0,0001); diabetes (p<0,0001). Conclusão: As dificuldades quanto à autonomia das responsabilidades normativas legais estão associadas a práticas individuais e coletivas que são privativas do enfermeiro e estão regulamentadas nos programas de saúde pública. (AU)

Objective: to analyze the individual and collective practices that are associated with the difficulties of nurses who work in Primary Health Care in the North region. Methods: observational of prevalence and analytical. Primary care nurses were included. The collection took place between November 2019 and August 2021, in the seven states of the North, through an electronic form, analyzed by the binomial, chi-square and G tests in the Bioestat program. Results: Among the 626 nurses in the study, 15.7% (98/626) stated that they had difficulty in exercising their practices, regarding the autonomy of their legal normative responsibilities. Amapá had a lower proportion (8.3%; 9/108) of nurses with difficulties in relation to the region. The practices associated with the difficulty were: the non-participation of nurses in the management of supplies (p=0.03), occasional consultations (p=0.03) and never prescribing medication (p=0.02); insufficient resolution in the prenatal consultation (p=0.000), monitoring of child growth and development (p=0.001); family planning (p=0.000); leprosy (p=0.005); tuberculosis (p=0.031); arterial hypertension (p<0.0001); diabetes (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Difficulties regarding the autonomy of legal normative responsibilities are associated with individual and collective practices that are exclusive to nurses and are regulated in public health programs. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar las prácticas individuales y colectivas que están asociadas a las dificultades de los enfermeros que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud de la región Norte. Métodos: observacional de prevalencia y analítico. Se incluyeron enfermeras de atención primaria. La colecta se realizó entre noviembre de 2019 y agosto de 2021, en los siete estados del Norte, a través de un formulario electrónico, analizado por las pruebas binomial, chi-cuadrado y G en el programa Bioestat. Resultados: Entre los 626 enfermeros del estudio, 15,7% (98/626) afirmaron tener dificultad en el ejercicio de sus prácticas, en cuanto a la autonomía de sus responsabilidades normativas legales. Amapá tuvo menor proporción (8,3%; 9/108) de enfermeros con dificultades en relación a la región. Las prácticas asociadas a la dificultad fueron: la no participación de los enfermeros en la gestión de los insumos (p=0,03), consultas ocasionales (p=0,03) y nunca recetar medicamentos (p=0,02); resolución insuficiente en la consulta prenatal (p=0,000), seguimiento del crecimiento y desarrollo infantil (p=0,001); planificación familiar (p=0,000); lepra (p=0,005); tuberculosis (p=0,031); hipertensión arterial (p<0,0001); diabetes (p<0,0001). Conclusión: Las dificultades en cuanto a la autonomía de las responsabilidades normativas legales están asociadas a las prácticas individuales y colectivas, exclusivas de los enfermeros y reguladas em los programas de salud pública. (AU)

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Resumo Objetivo Compreender os desafios enfrentados pela educação permanente para o alcance da melhoria da qualidade e da segurança do paciente em um hospital público submetido à acreditação hospitalar. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal e com abordagem qualitativa. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 22 profissionais, durando, em média, 22 minutos, as quais posteriormente foram analisadas e interpretadas por meio da análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Adotaram-se os softwares Iramuteq para a análise de corpus textual, e o BioEstat 5.3, para análise do perfil dos participantes. A coleta de dados ocorreu em junho de 2022, após aprovação nos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados Aplicou-se a análise de classificação hierárquica descendente, gerada pelo Iramuteq. Obtiveram-se três categorias: Desafios da Educação Permanente mediante o Processo de Melhoria Contínua; Educação Permanente para a Promoção da Qualidade e da Segurança do Paciente no Contexto da Acreditação Hospitalar; e Estratégias Educativas para a Melhoria da Qualidade e da Segurança do Paciente. Conclusão Identificaram-se desafios inerentes às ações de educação permanente em saúde, tais como resistência à mudança de cultura, adesão às atividades, alta rotatividade de profissionais e dificuldade para liberação da equipe de enfermagem para participar das atividades relacionadas à demanda de trabalho.

Resumen Objetivo Comprender los desafíos enfrentados por la educación permanente para lograr mejorar la calidad y la seguridad del paciente en un hospital público sometido a acreditación hospitalaria. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal y con enfoque cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 22 profesionales, con duración promedio de 22 minutos, que luego se analizaron e interpretaron mediante el análisis de contenido temático de Bardin. Se utilizaron los softwares Iramuteq para el análisis de corpus textual y BioEstat 5.3 para el análisis del perfil de los participantes. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo en junio de 2022, después de la aprobación de los Comités de Ética en Investigación. Resultados Se aplicó el análisis de clasificación jerárquica descendente, generado por Iramuteq. Se obtuvieron tres categorías: Desafíos de la educación permanente mediante el proceso de mejora continua, Educación permanente para la promoción de la calidad y de la seguridad del paciente en el contexto de la acreditación hospitalaria, y Estrategias educativas para la mejora de la calidad y la seguridad del paciente. Conclusión Se identificaron desafíos inherentes a las acciones de educación permanente en salud, tales como resistencia a cambios de cultura, adherencia a las actividades, alta rotación de profesionales y dificultad de autorizar al equipo de enfermería para participar en las actividades relacionadas con la demanda de trabajo.

Abstract Objective To understand the challenges faced in terms of permanent education in health, for achieving quality improvements and patient safety at a public hospital undergoing hospital accreditation. Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 professionals, lasting an average of 22 minutes. The interviews were subsequently analyzed and interpreted using Bardin's thematic content analysis. The software Iramuteq was used to analyze the textual corpus, and BioEstat 5.3 was used to analyze the profile of the participants. The data collection took place in June 2022, following approval by the Research Ethics Committees. Results The descending hierarchical classification analysis, generated by Iramuteq, was applied, resulting in three categories: Challenges of Permanent Education through the Continuous Improvement Process, Permanent Education for the Promotion of Quality and Patient Safety in the Context of Hospital Accreditation, and Educational Strategies for Improving Quality and Patient Safety. Conclusion Challenges inherent to the actions of permanent education in health were identified, such as resistance to cultural change, adherence to activities, high turnover of professionals, and difficulty in releasing the nursing team to participate in activities, due to work demand.

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BACKGROUND: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, in its opinion of the Committee on Midwifery Practice, points out that planned home birth is a woman's and family's right to experience, but also to choose and be informed about, their baby's place of birth. The aim of this study was to understand obstetric nurses' perceptions of planned home childbirth care within the framework of the Brazilian obstetric model. METHOD: A qualitative study, with Snowball Sampling recruitment, totaling 20 obstetric nurses through semi-structured interviews between September 2022 and January 2023, remotely, using the Google Meet application and the recording feature. After the data had been collected, the material was transcribed in full and subjected to content analysis in the thematic modality with the support of ATLAS.ti 8.0 software. RESULTS: Obstetric care at home emerged as a counterpoint to hospital care and the biomedical model, providing care at home based on scientific evidence and humanization, bringing qualified information as a facilitator of access and financial costs as an obstacle to effective home birth. CONCLUSION: Understanding obstetric nurses' perceptions of planned home birth care in the context of the Brazilian obstetric model shows the need for progress as a public policy and for strategies to ensure quality and regulation.

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BACKGROUND: The high incidence of congenital syphilis shows flaws in the resolution of primary health care, being a predictor of greater use of hospital services, whose regional differences in access to health actions and services may be reflected in health inequalities. OBJECTIVE: to investigate hospitalizations due to congenital syphilis in children under one year of age, in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: an ecological study was carried out, using hospitalization, lethality and mortality rates related to congenital syphilis in children under one year of age. Temporal analysis and mapping of hospitalization flows were carried out using Joinpoint®, version 4.7.0.0, Terraview 4.2.2, Tabwin 4.1.5. RESULTS: A total of 6,487 hospitalizations were recorded. For the ten years of the study period (2009 to 2018), the lethality rate showed a decreasing trend of - 13.5% (p = 0.01). The crude hospitalization rate showed an increasing trend of 12.8% (p < 0.000. The regression analysis demonstrated that there was a change point in the trend with a significant growth of 12.8% until 2016 (p = 0.0006). In the mortality rate the trend was stable (p = 0.56). The analysis of hospitalization care flows made it possible to identify that most hospitalizations due to congenital syphilis occurred in the municipalities of residence, but 1,378 (21.2%) had to move. Two large care gaps were highlighted in Metropolitan health regions II and III, belonging to macroregion II. The hospitalizations of residents of these regions were carried out by the assistance networks of Belém (capital) and Marituba, both of which are part of Metropolitana I. Residents of macroregions III and IV had the greatest distances traveled to access hospital care. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the rate of hospitalizations with an increasing trend demonstrates the impact that syphilis still causes in Brazil, not being resolved even after national government interventions in primary health care, but there was a decreasing trend in the fatality rate. The results demonstrate a heterogeneous organization of health care networks in the state's health regions and macroregions.

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INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a relevant public health problem is worldwide. From the change in the health care of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Primary Health Care (PHC), nurses gained autonomy in their workflow, which requires a significant technological arsenal for the planning, organization and functioning of services. It is believed that the development of a mobile application for the care/prevention of HIV will contribute to the strengthening of care, resulting in greater autonomy and empowerment of nurses in Primary Health Care. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a content script for a mobile application for nurses in PHC containing information about PLHIV management/care in PHC. METHODS: This is a methodological study developed in three phases: exploratory study, content elaboration process and validation by the 16 judges. RESULTS: The application was evaluated and validated satisfactorily in terms of content and appearance, with an average Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.99 (99%), Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Medium Content Validity (S-IVC/AVE) also obtained satisfactory levels. CONCLUSIONS: The construction of the prototype of an application called LearnHIV, is considered a valid instrument in terms of content and appearance, according to the judges. TRIAL REGISTRATION: None because it is not an intervention study.

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OBJECTIVE: To map the inclusion of affirmative policies in Postgraduate Nursing courses in Brazil. METHOD: This is a descriptive, document-based study, carried out with information collected on the Sucupira Platform, via the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, linked to the Ministry of Education. After data collection, carried out between October 2021 and March 2022, each public notice was read in full, in order to extract the following elements: name of the program; program code; name of the Higher Education Institution; acronym; Federative unit; and number of vacancies for master's courses. RESULTS: 79 institutions in the country were identified, with a final sample of 67 evaluated programs, which were classified into nine types, based on the use of affirmative policy principles in academic and professional master's degrees. CONCLUSION: Postgraduate Nursing courses present an imbalance regarding the implementation of affirmative policies in their offers of regular vacancies, as well as in issues of equity in regional access and diversity in the social groups contemplated.

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RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a correlação entre sobrecarga dos cuidadores familiares de adoecidos por câncer em Cuidados Paliativos e as variáveis sexo, idade, problemas de saúde e tempo de cuidado. Método: estudo descritivo correlacional com amostra não probabilística de 147 cuidadores familiares, na Clínica de Cuidados Paliativos Oncológicos, em 2021, na cidade de Belém do Pará - Brasil. Utilizou-se a Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit para coleta de dados com análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: 86 (58,5%) dos cuidadores eram do sexo feminino, 66 (44,9%) cuidadores se sentem "Muito sobrecarregados", 104 (70,7%) apresentaram sobrecarga Moderada a Severa. Não houve consistência para concluir as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, problemas de saúde ou tempo de cuidado uma relação estatisticamente significante (p>0,05). Conclusão: espera-se que os resultados contribuam para aumentar o conhecimento do tema, subsidiando a prática assistencial, e na formulação de políticas públicas para o atendimento das necessidades dos cuidadores de familiares adoecidos por câncer.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the correlation between the burden of family caregivers of cancer patients in Palliative Care and the variables gender, age, health problems, and length of care. Method: Descriptive correlational study with a non-probabilistic sample of 147 family caregivers at the Oncological Palliative Care Clinic in 2021 in Belém do Pará - Brazil. The Zarit Overload Scale was used to collect data, with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: 86 (58.5%) of the caregivers were female, 66 (44.9%) caregivers felt "Very overloaded", and 104 (70.7%) had Moderate to Severe overload. There was no consistency in concluding that the variables gender, age group, health problems, or length of care had a statistically significant relationship (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is hoped that the results will contribute to increasing knowledge of the subject, supporting care practice, and formulating public policies to meet the needs of caregivers of family members who are ill with cancer.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la correlación entre la sobrecarga de los cuidadores familiares de pacientes oncológicos en cuidados paliativos y las variables sexo, edad, problemas de salud y tiempo de cuidado. Método: estudio descriptivo correlacional con una muestra no probabilística de 147 cuidadores familiares, en la Clínica de Cuidados Paliativos Oncológicos, en 2021, en la ciudad de Belém do Pará - Brasil. Para recoger los datos se utilizó la Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit, con análisis estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales. Resultados: 86 (58,5%) de los cuidadores eran mujeres, 66 (44,9%) cuidadores se sentían "Muy sobrecargados", 104 (70,7%) tenían una sobrecarga de Moderada a Severa. No hubo coherencia a la hora de concluir que las variables sexo, grupo de edad, problemas de salud o tiempo de atención tuvieran una relación estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05). Conclusión: Se espera que los resultados contribuyan a aumentar el conocimiento sobre el tema, apoyar la práctica asistencial y la formulación de políticas públicas para satisfacer las necesidades de los cuidadores de familiares enfermos de cáncer.

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Objetivo: Descrever a percepção dos enfermeiros da atenção básica sobre a assistência pré-natal direcionada às adolescentes grávidas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do Guamá em Belém ­ Pará, de maio a abril de 2021. Resultados: Participaram 15 enfermeiros, norteado por um formulário semiestruturado, tendo os dados analisados pela técnica de Laurence Bardin, resultando seis categorias temáticas acerca da percepção sobre o atendimento pré-natal com adolescentes. Conclusão: Percebe-se a percepção do impacto positivo da assistência de enfermagem no pré-natal de adolescentes grávidas, todavia necessita de melhorias estruturais no atendimento, formação continuada dos profissionais e captação precoce da adolescente grávida. (AU)

Objective: describe the perception of nurses in primary care about prenatal care aimed at pregnant adolescents. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study of a qualitative, developed in the Basic Health Units of Guamá in Belém ­ Pará, from May to April 2021. Results: Fifteen nurses participated, guided by a semi-structured form, with the data analyzed using the Laurence Bardin technique, resulting in six categories about the perception of prenatal care with adolescents. We conclude that nurses are aware of the positive impact that nursing care has on the conduct of pregnancy and the formation of autonomy for adolescents. Conclusion: The perception of the positive impact of nursing care on prenatal care for pregnant teenagers is perceived, however, it needs structural improvements in care, continued training of professionals and early capture of pregnant teenagers. (AU)

Objetivo: describir la percepción de enfermeras de atención primaria sobre la atención prenatal dirigida a adolescentes embarazadas. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal de carácter cualitativo, desarrollado en las Unidades Básicas de Salud de Guamá en Belém - Pará, de mayo a abril de 2021. Resultados: Participaron quince enfermeros, guiados por un formulario semiestructurado, con los datos analizados mediante la técnica de Laurence Bardin, resultando en seis categorías temáticas sobre la percepción de la atención prenatal con adolescentes. Conclusión: Se percibe la percepción del impacto positivo del cuidado de enfermería en el cuidado prenatal de las adolescentes embarazadas, sin embargo, requiere mejoras estructurales en la atención, capacitación continua de los profesionales y reclutamiento temprano de las adolescentes embarazadas. (AU)

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