RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Propolis has been used as a natural health product mainly due to the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic aldehydes, amino acids, vitamins and others bioactive constituents. To this natural substance are attributed different biological and pharmacological properties which are influenced by its chemical composition and organoleptic properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and parameters of green propolis collected during a period of six years (2008-2013) in the state of Minas Gerais, located at the southeastern region of Brazil. METHODS: The methodology were in accordance with Brazilian legislation on the identity and quality standards of propolis. The evaluated parameters of hydroalcoholic from green propolis were total flavonoids, antioxidant activity - DPPH method, oxidation index, wax content, humidity and insoluble impurities. RESULTS: Propolis samples collected in different seasons during the years 2008 to 2013 presented mean values of total flavonoids (3.4 ± 0.11 mg/g), antioxidant activity DPPH (4.76 ± 0.16 µg/mL), oxidation index (3, 4 ± 0.33 seconds) and wax (15.14 ± 0.78% m/m), which are in accordance with Brazilian legislation. CONCLUSION: Green propolis did not show abrupt seasonal changes during the six years of investigation, and may be considered as an adequate functional ingredient.
Assuntos
Própole/química , Antioxidantes/química , Baccharis , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Brasil , Flavonoides/análise , Fenóis/análise , Picratos/química , Estações do Ano , Ceras/análiseRESUMO
Propolis is a resinous product collected by honey bees. It was also reported that propolis has a wide variety of biological actions, including antimicrobial activity and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and suppressive effects of dioxin toxicity activities. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro cytotoxic activities of green propolis (G12) and red propolis (G13) in human leukemia cells. These cells were incubated with different concentrations of propolis and 48 hours after the IC(50) was calculated for each cell. The results showed that the red propolis has cytotoxic effect in vitro higher than green propolis. Red propolis was showed to be cytostatic in K562 cells and caused the same amount of apoptosis as its control Gleevec. In conclusion, these results showed that red propolis is more cytotoxic than the green propolis in a variety of human cell lines of leukemia. Red propolis may contain drugs capable of inhibiting cancer cell growth. Therefore, further isolation of respective chemical ingredients from the red propolis (G13) for identification of the activities is necessary.
RESUMO
Propolis contains resinous substances collected by honey bees from various plant sources and has been used as a traditional folk medicine since ca 300 BC. Nowadays, the use of evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing rapidly and so is the use of propolis in order to treat or support the treatment of various diseases. Much attention has been focused on propolis from Populus sp. (Salicaceae) and Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteracea), but scientific information about the numerous other types of propolis is still sparse. We gathered six samples of red propolis in five states of Northeastern Brazil. The beehives were located near woody perennial shrubs along the sea and river shores. The bees were observed to collect red resinous exudates on Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L) Taub. (Leguminosae) to make propolis. The flavonoids of propolis and red resinous exudates were investigated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography. We conclude that the botanical origin of the reddish propolis is D. ecastophyllum. In areas where this source (D. ecastophyllum) was scarce or missing, bees were collecting resinous material from other plants. Propolis, which contained the chemical constituents from the main botanical origin, showed higher antimicrobial activity.
RESUMO
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees (Apis mellifera) from various tree buds which they then use to coat hive parts and to seal cracks and crevices in the hive. Propolis, a known ancient folk medicine, has been extensively used in diet to improve health and to prevent disease. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of ethanolic extracts of Brazilian propolis group l2 and bud resins of botanical origin (B. dracunculifolia), and propolis group 3 on proliferation of metastasis (DU145 and PC-3) and primary malignant tumor (RC58T/h/SA#4)-derived human prostate cancer cells. The strongest inhibition was observed in propolis group 3 (sample #3) extracts whereas moderate growth inhibition was observed in human prostate epithelial cells. In the RC58T/h/SA#4 cells, resins of botanical origin of propolis group 12 (sample #1) and propolis group 12 (sample #2) induced growth inhibition that was associated with S phase arrest whereas propolis group 3 (sample #3) induced growth inhibition that was associated with G2 arrest. The mechanisms of cell cycle effects of propolis were investigated. The resins of botanical origin of propolis group 12 and propolis group 12 showed similar inhibition of cyclin D1, CDK4 and cyclin B1 expression. Propolis group 3 showed higher induction of p21 expression but no inhibition of cyclin D1, CDK4 and cyclin B1 expression. The results obtained here demonstrate that the Brazilian propolis extracts have significant inhibitory effect on proliferation of human prostate cancer cells. Inhibition was achieved through regulation of protein expression of cyclin D1, B1 and cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) as well as p21. Our results indicate that the Brazilian propolis extracts show promise as chemotherapeutic agents as well as preventive agents against prostate cancer.
Assuntos
Etanol/farmacologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Própole/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Ciclina B/biossíntese , Ciclina B1 , Ciclina D1/biossíntese , Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/biossíntese , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismoRESUMO
Suppressive effects of ethanolic extracts prepared from propolis group 12 and its main botanical origin (leaf bud of Baccharis dracunculifolia) on transformation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the initial action of dioxin toxicity, were investigated. It was found that suppressive effects of propolis on AhR transformation were relatively higher than those of resins of its botanical origin in cell-free system and in Hepa-1c1c7 cells. When the composition of chemical ingredients was measured, propolis contained slightly higher amounts of flavonoid aglycones as compared with its botanical origin with the same characteristics. Moreover, antiradical activity, one of the typical biological activities of flavonoids, in propolis was also slightly higher than that in its botanical origin. These results indicate that not only propolis but also its botanical origin contains high amounts of flavonoid aglycones and that both of them are useful dietary sources for flavonoids with a potency to prevent dioxin toxicity.
Assuntos
Baccharis/metabolismo , Dioxinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Dioxinas/toxicidade , Própole/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sistema Livre de Células , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Etanol , Flavonoides/análise , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Camundongos , Folhas de Planta/química , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/antagonistas & inibidores , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/farmacologia , Própole/química , Própole/metabolismo , Receptores de Hidrocarboneto Arílico/metabolismo , Resinas Vegetais/farmacologia , SolventesRESUMO
Twenty-five samples of propolis were collected from seven different regions in northern Argentina; ethanolic extracts of propolis were prepared from all samples, and the respective samples were examined for UV absorption spectra, RPHPTLC, RPHPLC, antimicrobial activity, antiradical activity, and total phenolic content. It was found that 16 of the 25 samples showed a phenolic profile similar to that found in samples from southern Brazil and corresponding to poplar-based propolis and that the rest of the samples showed a different profile and higher antimicrobial and antiradical activities.
Assuntos
Própole/química , Própole/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/análise , Argentina , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Etanol , Flavonoides/análise , Radicais Livres/antagonistas & inibidores , Fenóis/análise , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
Present study demonstrated that the ethanolic extracts of propolis containing higher concentrations of flavonoids suppressed 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor transformation in a dose-dependent manner. The IC(50) values of propolis group 3 and group 12 were 1.2 and 3.6 microg/ml, respectively, indicating that propolis showed stronger antagonistic effects as compared with vegetable extracts.
Assuntos
Etanol/química , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/antagonistas & inibidores , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/farmacologia , Própole/química , Própole/farmacologia , Receptores de Hidrocarboneto Arílico/metabolismo , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Supressão Genética/genética , Verduras/químicaRESUMO
Previously, it was reported that one group of propolis (Group 12) was identified in southeastern Brazil, and the botanical origin of the propolis was Baccharis dracunculifolia resinous exudates. It was also observed that honeybee (Africanized Apis mellifera) mainly visited the leaf buds or unexpanded leaves of B. dracunculifolia but rarely expanded leaves. B. dracunculifolia is dioecious with male and female inflorescences, and RPHPLC of the ethanolic extracts of the respective male and female bud resinous exudates showed the same profiles. RPHPLC profiles of propolis G12 leaf buds and unexpanded and expanded leaves of B. dracunculifolia showed similarity, but unexpanded leaves quantitatively decreased in chemical constituents as compared with leaf buds. In the case of expanded leaves, all chemical constituents were severely decreased or disappeared. Artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) was also identified in both propolis and resinous exudates, and both ethanolic extracts contained the highest concentrations of this compound as compared with the rest of the chemical constituents.
Assuntos
Baccharis/química , Própole/análise , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Abelhas , Brasil , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Flavonoides/análise , Fenóis/análise , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a mouthrinse containing propolis SNB-RS on 3-day dental plaque accumulation. Six volunteers took part in a double-blind crossover study performed in two phases of 3 days. During each phase the volunteers refrained from all oral hygiene and rinsed with 20 percent sucrose solution 5 times a day to enhance dental plaque formation and with mouthrinse (placebo or experimental) twice a day. On the 4th day, the plaque index (PI) of the volunteers was scored and the supragingival dental plaque was analyzed for insoluble polysaccharide (IP). The PI (SD) for the experimental group was 0.78 (0.17), significantly less than for the placebo group, 1.41 (0.14). The experimental mouthrinse reduced the IP concentration in dental plaque by 61.7 percent compared to placebo (p < 0.05). An experimental mouthrinse containing propolis SNB-RS was thus efficient in reducing supragingival plaque formation and IP formation under conditions of high plaque accumulation
Assuntos
Placa Dentária , Antissépticos BucaisRESUMO
Brazilian propolis has been classified into 12 groups based on physicochemical characteristics: five in the southern Brazil group (group 3), one in the southeastern Brazil group (group 12), and six in the northeastern Brazil group (group 6). The plant origins of these groups were investigated using reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RPHPTLC), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was concluded that the origins of propolis group 3, group 6, and group 12 are resins of the poplar tree, Hyptis divaricata, and Baccharis dracunculifolia, respectively.