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1.
Edumecentro ; 152023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534315

RESUMO

Las ideas del Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz y la implementación del programa de la Revolución cubana colocaron como principios centrales de la política educacional la universalización de la enseñanza y dentro de ella, la de las ciencias médicas con un amplio acceso en todo el país. La impartición de las Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas en la provincia de Villa Clara comenzó en el curso 1973-1974 con la apertura del primer año de la facultad de Medicina. Al cumplirse en 2024 cincuenta años de este acontecimiento social y docente en la provincia, los autores pretenden socializar algunos elementos históricos sobre el inicio de la docencia médica en esa provincia, haciendo énfasis en la Histología, entre 1974 y 1982, así como reconocer a todos aquellos que contribuyeron al inicio y desarrollo de la docencia de las Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas en la región central de Cuba.


The ideas of Commander in Chief Fidel Castro Ruz and the program implementation of the Cuban Revolution placed the universalization of education as central principles of educational policy and within it, that of medical sciences with wide access throughout the country. The teaching of Basic Biomedical Sciences in the Villa Clara province began in the 1973-1974 academic year with the opening of the first year at the Faculty of Medicine. As 2024 marks the fiftieth anniversary of this social and teaching event in the province, authors intend to socialize some historical elements about the beginning of medical teaching in that province, emphasizing on Histology subject, from 1974 to 1982, as well as give recognition to all those who contributed to the teaching beginning and development of Basic Biomedical Sciences in the Cuban central region.


Assuntos
Histologia , Educação Médica , Docentes , História da Medicina
2.
Medicentro (Villa Clara) ; 26(3): 562-582, jul.-set. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405657

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: Los individuos con hiperreación cardiovascular poseen un riesgo cinco veces superior de padecer hipertensión. En el contexto cubano no están descritos los cambios en la actividad eléctrica ventricular del electrocardiograma, durante la prueba isométrica del peso sostenido, y no se conoce si estos pueden estar influenciados por el grado de reactividad cardiovascular. Objetivo: Describir los parámetros de la actividad eléctrica ventricular en condiciones basales y durante el ejercicio isométrico, en adultos jóvenes de ambos sexos con diferente grado de reactividad cardiovascular. Métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por 130 individuos de ambos sexos, y se dividió en dos grupos: Normorreactivos e hiperreactivos. A todos se les realizó un electrocardiograma digital en derivación DII; se utilizó el programa LabChart 8 en un polígrafo ADInstruments. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: Complejo QRS, intervalo QT corregido (QTc), intervalo JT, intervalo Tpeak-Tend, amplitud del segmento ST y de la onda T en reposo, en el ejercicio isométrico y durante la recuperación. Resultados: Entre las mujeres normorreactivas e hiperreactivas se encontraron diferencias significativas en la amplitud de la onda T, tanto basales, durante el ejercicio isométrico, como en la recuperación. Entre los hombres de ambos grupos solo se encontraron diferencias significativas en el intervalo JT, durante el ejercicio. Conclusiones: Los cambios producidos en la regulación autonómica de la función cardíaca durante el ejercicio isométrico y la recuperación, se reflejaron en la actividad eléctrica ventricular en los individuos normorreactivos e hiperreactivos de ambos sexos, principalmente en el intervalo JT y la altura de la onda T.


ABSTRACT Introduction: individuals with cardiovascular hyperreaction have a five times higher risk of suffering from hypertension. In the Cuban context, the changes in the ventricular electrical activity of the electrocardiogram during the sustained weight isometric test have not been described, and it is not known whether these may be influenced by the degree of cardiovascular reactivity. Objective: to describe the parameters of ventricular electrical activity in basal conditions and during isometric exercise, in young adults of both genders with different degrees of cardiovascular reactivity. Methods: the sample consisted of 130 individuals of both genders, and was divided into two groups: normoreactive and hyperreactive. All of them underwent a digital electrocardiogram in DII lead; LabChart 8 software on an ADInstruments polygraph was used. The following variables were studied: QRS complex, corrected QT interval (QTc), JT interval, Tpeak-Tend interval, ST segment and T wave amplitude at rest, in isometric exercise and during recovery. Results: significant differences between normoreactive and hyperreactive women were found in the amplitude of the T wave, both at baseline, during isometric exercise, and in recovery. Significant differences were only found between men in both groups in the JT interval, during exercise. Conclusions: the changes produced in the autonomic regulation of cardiac function during isometric exercise and recovery were reflected in the ventricular electrical activity in normoreactive and hyperreactive individuals of both genders, mainly in the JT interval and the height of the T wave.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Fatores de Risco , Eletrocardiografia , Hipertensão
3.
Edumecentro ; 11(3): 174-189, jul.-set. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089956

RESUMO

RESUMEN Fundamento: en el curso 2017-2018 se introdujo la asignatura Sangre y Sistema Inmune en el tercer semestre de la carrera de Medicina, según el nuevo plan de estudio. Objetivos: identificar el grado de satisfacción y desempeño de los estudiantes en la asignatura Sangre y Sistema Inmune de recién incorporación en el Plan de Estudios D. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara en el curso académico 2017-2018. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción, empíricos: la encuesta en forma de cuestionario en dos momentos concretos del semestre (cuarta y decimoquinta semanas), y matemático-estadísticos para el procesamiento de los datos. Resultados: en sentido general la introducción de la asignatura Sangre y Sistema Inmune en el currículo tuvo un nivel adecuado de aceptación por los alumnos y este evolucionó de forma positiva en la medida en que transcurrió el curso. En los casos de insatisfacción, la principal causa estuvo vinculada a la dificultad de los temas impartidos. Existe preferencia por las clases talleres y prácticas de laboratorio, y el trabajo de curso como evaluación final, y no con un examen teórico. Conclusiones: el nivel de satisfacción expresado por los alumnos con la asignatura fue adecuado, no así el desempeño ya que la mayoría reconocieron no poseer los conocimientos básicos sobre su contenido, aspectos que se tuvieron en cuenta en su posterior impartición.


ABSTRACT Background: in the 2017-2018 academic year, the Blood and Immune System subject was introduced in the third semester of the Medicine degree, according to the new study plan. Objectives: to identify the degree of satisfaction and performance of students in the Blood and Immune System subject of recent incorporation in the Study Plan D. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017-2018. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction, empirical ones: the survey in the form of a questionnaire in two specific moments of the semester (fourth and fifteenth weeks), and mathematical-statistics for data processing. Results: in general, the introduction of the Blood and Immune System subject in the curriculum had an adequate level of acceptance by the students and this evolved in a positive way to the extent that the course lasted. In cases of dissatisfaction, the main cause was linked to the difficulty of the subjects taught. There is a preference for workshops and laboratory practices, and a course project work as a final evaluation, and not with a theoretical exam. Conclusions: the level of satisfaction expressed by the students with the subject was adequate, not so the performance since most acknowledged not having the basic knowledge about its content, aspects that were taken into account in its subsequent teaching.


Assuntos
Estudantes de Medicina , Educação Médica , Estudos Interdisciplinares , Aprendizagem
4.
CorSalud ; 11(1): 11-20, ene.-mar. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089705

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: El sistema nervioso autónomo desempeña un papel importante en los reajustes cardiovasculares al ejercicio. En la hiperreactividad cardiovascular existe una mayor sensibilidad del sistema simpático ante diferentes estímulos estresantes. Objetivo: Determinar las características del control autonómico cardíaco en adultos jóvenes con diferentes grados de reactividad cardiovascular en condiciones basales y durante el ejercicio isométrico. Método: La muestra estuvo constituida por 97 individuos de ambos sexos, y se dividió en tres grupos: normorreactivos, hiperreactivos y con respuesta hipertensiva, de acuerdo a la respuesta presora a la prueba del peso sostenido. A todos los individuos se les realizó un estudio de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en reposo y durante la prueba isométrica. Se estudiaron las variables en el dominio de la frecuencia: baja, alta, relación baja/alta en reposo, y los parámetros del diagrama de Poincaré en reposo y durante el ejercicio (valores de desviación estándar 1 [SD1], 2 [SD2], y la razón entre ambos). Resultados: En estado basal los individuos hiperreactivos y con respuesta hipertensiva presentaron un predominio simpático sobre la función cardíaca y una menor variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca. Durante el ejercicio isométrico disminuyeron los valores de los ejes SD1 y SD2 en todos los grupos y la razón SD1/SD2 decreció en individuos normorreactivos y con respuesta hipertensiva; pero apenas se modificó en los hiperreactivos. Conclusiones: En los individuos con hiperreactividad cardiovascular ya está presente un desbalance autonómico en estado basal y existe una reducción de la modulación autonómica vagal durante el ejercicio, que puede favorecer el desarrollo de la hipertensión arterial.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in cardiovascular readjustments to exercise. In cardiovascular hyperreactivity there is a greater sensitivity of the sympathetic system to different stressors. Objective: To determine the characteristics of cardiac autonomic control in young adults with different degrees of cardiovascular reactivity under basal conditions and during isometric exercise. Method: The sample consisted of 97 individuals of both sexes, and was divided into three groups: normoreactive, hyperreactive and with hypertensive response, according to the pressor response to weight-bearing tests. The individuals underwent a complete study of heart rate variability at rest and during isometric test. The frequency domain for the variables was: low, high, low/high resting ratio, and the parameters of Poincaré plots at rest and during exercise (values of standard deviation 1 [SD1], 2 [SD2], and the reason between them). Results: Under basal conditions, hyperreactive individuals with a hypertensive response had a sympathetic predominance over cardiac function and lower heart rate variability. During the isometric exercise SD1 and SD2 axes values decreased in all groups and SD1/SD2 ratio decreased in normoreactive individuals with hypertensive response; but it was hardly modified in those hyper-reactive. Conclusions: Individuals with cardiovascular hyperreactivity have a prior autonomic imbalance under basal conditions and a reduction of autonomic vagal modulation during exercise that may favor the development of arterial hypertension.


Assuntos
Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica , Exercício Físico , Frequência Cardíaca , Contração Isométrica
5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29451596

RESUMO

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in the Republic of Panama, caused by Leishmania (Viannia) parasites, whose most common clinical manifestation is the presence of ulcerated lesions on the skin. These lesions usually present a chronic inflammatory reaction, sometimes granulomatous, with the presence of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. This study describes the histopathological characteristics found in the skin lesions of patients with CL caused by Leishmania (V.) panamensis in Panama. We analyzed 49 skin biopsy samples from patients with clinical suspicion of CL, by molecular tests (PCR for subgenus Viannia and HSP-70) and by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Samples were characterized at the species level by PCR-HSP-70/RFLP. From the 49 samples studied, 46 (94%) were positive by PCR and were characterized as Leishmania (V.) panamensis. Of these, 48% were positive by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining with alterations being observed both, in the epidermis (85%) and in the dermis (100%) of skin biopsies. The inflammatory infiltrate was characterized according to histopathological patterns: lymphohistiocytic (50%), lymphoplasmacytic (61%) and granulomatous (46%) infiltration, being the combination of these patterns frequently found. The predominant histopathological characteristics observed in CL lesions caused by L. (V.) panamensis in Panama were: an intense inflammatory reaction in the dermis with a combination of lymphohistiocytic, lymphoplasmacytic and granulomatous presentation patterns and the presence of ulcers, acanthosis, exocytosis and spongiosis in the epidermis.


Assuntos
Leishmania guyanensis/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Feminino , Humanos , Leishmania guyanensis/genética , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/parasitologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Panamá , Adulto Jovem
7.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 33(4): 819-823, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-845757

RESUMO

RESUMEN Los accidentes causados por las setas urticantes o venenosas de las orugas de lepidópteros, se conocen como erucismo. Estos accidentes se producen por el contacto accidental, especialmente por los niños, con las cerdas sobre el cuerpo del insecto, conectadas con glándulas venenosas. Los síntomas pueden ser locales o sistémicos, con presentaciones clínicas fatales. El accidente ocasionado por las orugas del género Lonomia spp. puede desencadenar síndromes hemorrágicos, constituyendo estos la forma más grave de erucismo. Se reporta el caso de una niña de 5 años, procedente del poblado de Villarondos, en la Amazonía del Perú, departamento de Huánuco, la cual incidentalmente se hinca con las cerdas de una oruga, cursando luego con anemia hemolítica, plaquetopenia y trastorno de la coagulación. El diagnóstico fue establecido por la anamnesis, cuadro clínico, exámenes de laboratorio y respuesta al suero antilonómico. Se discuten los aspectos clínicos, laboratoriales y terapéuticos de erucismo por Lonomia spp.


ABSTRACT Accidents caused by urticating or poisonous setae from lepidoptera caterpillars are known as erucism. These accidents are produced by accidental contact, especially in children, with bristles on the insect's body surface, connected to venom glands. Symptoms may be local or systemic, with deadly clinical presentations. The accident caused by Lonomia spp. caterpillars can trigger bleeding disorders, which is considered the most severe type of erucism. The case of a 5-year-old girl is reported. She was from the town of Villarondos, in the Peruvian Amazon, department of Huánuco, who accidentally knelt down on caterpillar bristles, and subsequently experienced hemolytic anemia, plateletopenia, and coagulation disorder. The diagnosis was made based on the medical history, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination results, and response to antilonomic serum. The clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic aspects of erucism due to Lonomia spp. are discussed.


Assuntos
Animais , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Venenos de Artrópodes/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/etiologia , Lepidópteros
8.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 33(4): 819-823, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28327855

RESUMO

Accidents caused by urticating or poisonous setae from lepidoptera caterpillars are known as erucism. These accidents are produced by accidental contact, especially in children, with bristles on the insect's body surface, connected to venom glands. Symptoms may be local or systemic, with deadly clinical presentations. The accident caused by Lonomia spp. caterpillars can trigger bleeding disorders, which is considered the most severe type of erucism. The case of a 5-year-old girl is reported. She was from the town of Villarondos, in the Peruvian Amazon, department of Huánuco, who accidentally knelt down on caterpillar bristles, and subsequently experienced hemolytic anemia, plateletopenia, and coagulation disorder. The diagnosis was made based on the medical history, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination results, and response to antilonomic serum. The clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic aspects of erucism due to Lonomia spp. are discussed.


Assuntos
Venenos de Artrópodes/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/etiologia , Animais , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lepidópteros
9.
Medwave ; 15(8): e6270, 2015 Sep 28.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26485619

RESUMO

The Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a rare disease that occurs mostly in young adults, although some cases have been reported in children. It is usually characterized by fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. The etiology of the disease remains unknown. Its course is usually benign and self-limited. It has special histopathological features that allow the differential diagnosis with other entities, which from a clinical point of view can be very complicated. We report a 9 years 11 months old girl with lymphadenopathy and fever with five months evolution, which is the longest evolution among the cases reviewed by the authors in world literature. Given that the presentation of this disease in children is very rare, we estimate that the knowledge of this disease is relevant and pediatricians must consider it in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin in children.


La enfermedad de Kikuchi-Fujimoto es una entidad rara que se presenta principalmente en adultos jóvenes, aunque se han descrito algunos casos en la edad pediátrica. Se caracteriza por adenopatías generalmente cervicales y fiebre. La etiología de la enfermedad permanece desconocida. Su curso es generalmente benigno y autolimitado. Tiene características histopatológicas especiales que permiten el diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades, lo que desde el punto de vista clínico puede ser muy complicado. Presentamos el caso de una niña de nueve años y 11 meses que cursó con adenopatías y fiebre de cinco meses de evolución. Este tiempo es el más prolongado entre los casos revisados por los autores en la literatura mundial (búsqueda en PubMed y SciELO por “Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease”, “histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis”). Dado que la presentación de esta enfermedad en la edad pediátrica es muy rara, estimamos pertinente su conocimiento y consideración en el diagnóstico diferencial de la fiebre de origen desconocido en niños.


Assuntos
Febre/etiologia , Linfadenite Histiocítica Necrosante/diagnóstico , Linfadenopatia/etiologia , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Linfadenite Histiocítica Necrosante/fisiopatologia , Humanos
10.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 89(3): 557-563, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23857024

RESUMO

In this randomized, double-blinded Phase 2 trial, 30 patients with Leishmania panamensis cutaneous leishmaniasis were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive once daily topical treatment with WR 279,396 (15% paromomycin + 0.5% gentamicin) or Paromomycin Alone (15% paromomycin) for 20 days. The index lesion cure rate after 6 months follow-up was 13 of 15 (87%) for WR 279,396 and 9 of 15 (60%) for Paromomycin Alone (P = 0.099). When all treated lesions were included, the final cure rate for WR 279,398-treated patients was again 87%, but the final cure rate for Paromomycin Alone-treated patients was 8 of 15 (53.3%; P = 0.046). Both creams were well tolerated with mild application site reactions being the most frequent adverse event. The increased final cure rate in the WR 279,396 group in this small Phase 2 study suggests that the combination product may provide greater clinical benefit than paromomycin monotherapy against L. panamensis cutaneous leishmaniasis.


Assuntos
Gentamicinas/administração & dosagem , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Paromomicina/administração & dosagem , Administração Cutânea , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Determinação de Ponto Final , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Panamá
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