RESUMO

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze the effect of phytogenic additives based on cardol, cardanol, and ricinoleic acid on the physico-chemical qualities and biochemical parameters of Holstein cow milk. Nineteen animals were divided into the control (GI) and treatment (GII) groups. Prior to the beginning of the experiment, sodium monensin was removed from the feed provided to the animals. This study consisted of two phases. In the first, animals from GI received the standard diet, without additives, while animals from GII received the standard diet supplemented with 10 g of phytogenic additives for 60 days. At the end of the first stage, the animals remained 30 days without receiving additives and in the second phase the groups were inverted, and the GII again received the phytogenic additive during the subsequent 60 days. Physical-chemical analyzes of milk were performed at moments 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of the experiment and the blood parameters at times 0 and 60 days of the experiment were evaluated. There was no significant difference for the treatment x time interaction in any of the variables, but there was a trend between groups for the CCS parameter and there was a statistical difference for the protein, as well as for the AST. In this study it is observed that the addition of phytogenic additive modulating rumen fermentation based on cardol, cardanol and ricinoleic acid does not compromise, in general, the quality of milk, with positive results for some specific parameters such as protein content and aminotransferase.

RESUMO: Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de um aditivo fitogênico a base de cardol, cardanol e ácido ricinoléico na qualidade físico-química do leite e perfil bioquímico de vacas da raça Holandês. Dezenove animais foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GI) e Grupo Tratado (GII). Previamente ao início do experimento, retirou-se a monensina sódica da ração fornecida aos animais. Este estudo consistiu de duas fases, sendo que na primeira fase, os animais do GI receberam a dieta padrão, sem aditivos, enquanto os animais do grupo GII receberam a ração padrão suplementada com 10 g dos aditivos fitogênicos durante 60 dias. Ao final da primeira etapa, os animais permaneceram 30 dias sem receber aditivos e na segunda fase os grupos foram invertidos, sendo que o GII novamente recebeu o aditivo fitogênico durante os 60 dias subsequentes. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas do leite nos momentos 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias do experimento e avaliados os parâmetros sanguíneos nos momentos 0 e 60 dias do experimento. Não se observou diferença significativa para a interação tratamento x tempo em nenhuma das variáveis, mas tendência entre grupos para o parâmetro de CCS, e houve diferença estatística para a proteína, assim como para a AST. Neste estudo observa-se que a adição de aditivo fitogênico modulador de fermentação ruminal a base de cardol, cardanol e ácido ricinoléico não compromete, de forma geral, a qualidade do leite, tendo resultados positivos para alguns parâmetros específicos como teor de proteína e aspartato aminotransferase.

RESUMO

This study aimed to analyze the effect of phytogenic additives based on cardol, cardanol, and ricinoleic acid on the physico-chemical qualities and biochemical parameters of Holstein cow milk. Nineteen animals were divided into the control (GI) and treatment (GII) groups. Prior to the beginning of the experiment, sodium monensin was removed from the feed provided to the animals. This study consisted of two phases. In the first, animals from GI received the standard diet, without additives, while animals from GII received the standard diet supplemented with 10 g of phytogenic additives for 60 days. At the end of the first stage, the animals remained 30 days without receiving additives and in the second phase the groups were inverted, and the GII again received the phytogenic additive during the subsequent 60 days. Physical-chemical analyzes of milk were performed at moments 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of the experiment and the blood parameters at times 0 and 60 days of the experiment were evaluated. There was no significant difference for the treatment x time interaction in any of the variables, but there was a trend between groups for the CCS parameter and there was a statistical difference for the protein, as well as for the AST. In this study it is observed that the addition of phytogenic additive modulating rumen fermentation based on cardol, cardanol and ricinoleic acid does not compromise, in general, the quality of milk, with positive results for some specific parameters such as protein content and aminotransferase.(AU)

Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de um aditivo fitogênico a base de cardol, cardanol e ácido ricinoléico na qualidade físico-química do leite e perfil bioquímico de vacas da raça Holandês. Dezenove animais foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GI) e Grupo Tratado (GII). Previamente ao início do experimento, retirou-se a monensina sódica da ração fornecida aos animais. Este estudo consistiu de duas fases, sendo que na primeira fase, os animais do GI receberam a dieta padrão, sem aditivos, enquanto os animais do grupo GII receberam a ração padrão suplementada com 10 g dos aditivos fitogênicos durante 60 dias. Ao final da primeira etapa, os animais permaneceram 30 dias sem receber aditivos e na segunda fase os grupos foram invertidos, sendo que o GII novamente recebeu o aditivo fitogênico durante os 60 dias subsequentes. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas do leite nos momentos 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias do experimento e avaliados os parâmetros sanguíneos nos momentos 0 e 60 dias do experimento. Não se observou diferença significativa para a interação tratamento x tempo em nenhuma das variáveis, mas tendência entre grupos para o parâmetro de CCS, e houve diferença estatística para a proteína, assim como para a AST. Neste estudo observa-se que a adição de aditivo fitogênico modulador de fermentação ruminal a base de cardol, cardanol e ácido ricinoléico não compromete, de forma geral, a qualidade do leite, tendo resultados positivos para alguns parâmetros específicos como teor de proteína e aspartato aminotransferase.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to analyze the effect of phytogenic additives based on cardol, cardanol, and ricinoleic acid on the physico-chemical qualities and biochemical parameters of Holstein cow milk. Nineteen animals were divided into the control (GI) and treatment (GII) groups. Prior to the beginning of the experiment, sodium monensin was removed from the feed provided to the animals. This study consisted of two phases. In the first, animals from GI received the standard diet, without additives, while animals from GII received the standard diet supplemented with 10 g of phytogenic additives for 60 days. At the end of the first stage, the animals remained 30 days without receiving additives and in the second phase the groups were inverted, and the GII again received the phytogenic additive during the subsequent 60 days. Physical-chemical analyzes of milk were performed at moments 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of the experiment and the blood parameters at times 0 and 60 days of the experiment were evaluated. There was no significant difference for the treatment x time interaction in any of the variables, but there was a trend between groups for the CCS parameter and there was a statistical difference for the protein, as well as for the AST. In this study it is observed that the addition of phytogenic additive modulating rumen fermentation based on cardol, cardanol and ricinoleic acid does not compromise, in general, the quality of milk, with positive results for some specific parameters such as protein content and aminotransferase.

Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de um aditivo fitogênico a base de cardol, cardanol e ácido ricinoléico na qualidade físico-química do leite e perfil bioquímico de vacas da raça Holandês. Dezenove animais foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GI) e Grupo Tratado (GII). Previamente ao início do experimento, retirou-se a monensina sódica da ração fornecida aos animais. Este estudo consistiu de duas fases, sendo que na primeira fase, os animais do GI receberam a dieta padrão, sem aditivos, enquanto os animais do grupo GII receberam a ração padrão suplementada com 10 g dos aditivos fitogênicos durante 60 dias. Ao final da primeira etapa, os animais permaneceram 30 dias sem receber aditivos e na segunda fase os grupos foram invertidos, sendo que o GII novamente recebeu o aditivo fitogênico durante os 60 dias subsequentes. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas do leite nos momentos 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias do experimento e avaliados os parâmetros sanguíneos nos momentos 0 e 60 dias do experimento. Não se observou diferença significativa para a interação tratamento x tempo em nenhuma das variáveis, mas tendência entre grupos para o parâmetro de CCS, e houve diferença estatística para a proteína, assim como para a AST. Neste estudo observa-se que a adição de aditivo fitogênico modulador de fermentação ruminal a base de cardol, cardanol e ácido ricinoléico não compromete, de forma geral, a qualidade do leite, tendo resultados positivos para alguns parâmetros específicos como teor de proteína e aspartato aminotransferase.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os parâmetros bioquímicos do líquido amniótico (LA) no momento do parto de éguas com placentite ascendente e relacionar com parâmetros bioquímicos séricos dos neonatos. Foram utilizadas 36 éguas gestantes da raça Puro Sangue Inglês, divididas em dois grupos: placentite (n=5) e sadias (n=31). A placentite foi definida de acordo com a avaliação clínica, exame ultrassonográfico e histopatologia das placentas. Essas éguas foram submetidas a terapia antimicrobiana, antiinflamatórios e altrenogest. A coleta do LA foi realizada na segunda fase do parto e as amostras sanguíneas dos neonatos imediatamente após o nascimento. Foi observada menor concentração de creatinina no LA de éguas com placentite. Potros provenientes de éguas com placentite foram menores em peso e altura ao nascimento, e apresentaram concentrações elevadas de ureia e reduzidas de PPT na avaliação sérica. Foi observado correlação positiva moderada entre creatinina e ureia no LA e correlação positiva fraca entre a creatinina do LA e sérica dos potros. Concluiu-se que o perfil bioquímico do LA e sérico dos neonatos oriundos de éguas com placentite ascendente diferem de gestações sadias. Sendo que esses parâmetros podem ser utilizados como indicadores de alterações placentárias em éguas.(AU)

The aim of this study was to identify the biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid (AF) at parturition in mares with ascending placentitis, and to relate with biochemical parameters in neonatal foals serum. Thirty-six pregnant Thoroughbred mares were divided in 2 groups: mares with placentitis (n=5) and healthy mares (n=31). Placentitis was identified based on clinical signs, ultrasound evaluation and histopathological features in the placenta. Mares with placentitis were treated with antibiotics, antiinflammatories and altrenogest. AF was collected during the second stage of labor and blood samples were taken immediately after foaling. Lower concentrations of creatinine were found in the AF of mares with placentitis. Foals from mares with placentitis showed smaller height and lower birthweight, also showed increase of urea and decrease of total protein levels in blood serum. A moderate positive correlation between urea and creatinine in AF was observed, and a weak positive correlation was found between creatinine in AF and the serum of foals. In conclusion, biochemical composition of AF and of blood serum of neonatal foals from mares with ascending placentitis are different of healthy mares. So, those analysis could be useful to identify placental changes in mares.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os parâmetros bioquímicos do líquido amniótico (LA) no momento do parto de éguas com placentite ascendente e relacionar com parâmetros bioquímicos séricos dos neonatos. Foram utilizadas 36 éguas gestantes da raça Puro Sangue Inglês, divididas em dois grupos: placentite (n=5) e sadias (n=31). A placentite foi definida de acordo com a avaliação clínica, exame ultrassonográfico e histopatologia das placentas. Essas éguas foram submetidas a terapia antimicrobiana, antiinflamatórios e altrenogest. A coleta do LA foi realizada na segunda fase do parto e as amostras sanguíneas dos neonatos imediatamente após o nascimento. Foi observada menor concentração de creatinina no LA de éguas com placentite. Potros provenientes de éguas com placentite foram menores em peso e altura ao nascimento, e apresentaram concentrações elevadas de ureia e reduzidas de PPT na avaliação sérica. Foi observado correlação positiva moderada entre creatinina e ureia no LA e correlação positiva fraca entre a creatinina do LA e sérica dos potros. Concluiu-se que o perfil bioquímico do LA e sérico dos neonatos oriundos de éguas com placentite ascendente diferem de gestações sadias. Sendo que esses parâmetros podem ser utilizados como indicadores de alterações placentárias em éguas.

The aim of this study was to identify the biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid (AF) at parturition in mares with ascending placentitis, and to relate with biochemical parameters in neonatal foals’ serum. Thirty-six pregnant Thoroughbred mares were divided in 2 groups: mares with placentitis (n=5) and healthy mares (n=31). Placentitis was identified based on clinical signs, ultrasound evaluation and histopathological features in the placenta. Mares with placentitis were treated with antibiotics, antiinflammatories and altrenogest. AF was collected during the second stage of labor and blood samples were taken immediately after foaling. Lower concentrations of creatinine were found in the AF of mares with placentitis. Foals from mares with placentitis showed smaller height and lower birthweight, also showed increase of urea and decrease of total protein levels in blood serum. A moderate positive correlation between urea and creatinine in AF was observed, and a weak positive correlation was found between creatinine in AF and the serum of foals. In conclusion, biochemical composition of AF and of blood serum of neonatal foals from mares with ascending placentitis are different of healthy mares. So, those analysis could be useful to identify placental changes in mares.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Wry nose is a congenital deformity that causes respiratory obstruction and decreased oxygenation rate.Gestation in a wry nose mare may be considered a risk to the neonate since it depends on the maternal environment fordevelopment. Compromised oxygenation during pregnancy can lead to fetal distress and cause consequences on fetaldevelopment. However, depending on the degree of the impairment, the fetus may still be able to adapt. The aim of thepresent study was to report the gestation in a mare with facial deviation until term and to assess blood gases in the mareand neonate, and to evaluate the histomorphometry of the placenta.Case: A Criollo breed mare presenting facial deviation (Wry Nose) was donated to Equine Medicine Research Group(ClinEq) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) due to the presence of the physical deformity. When the mare wasfive years old, it was inseminated and had a pregnancy confirmed. At the fifth month of gestation, evaluation of fetalaorta diameter, fetal orbital diameter and combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) started to be performedmonthly to assess gestation health. The assessment of the fetal orbit and aorta diameter revealed a linear increase of bothvariables with the progress of gestation indicating a normal fetal development. CTUP remained in the normal referencerange, presenting no alterations during the gestational length. The mare foaled at 324 days of gestation a coat showing nocongenital deformities. The foaling was monitored until the complete passage of fetal membranes. A complete clinical andhematological evaluation of the foal was carried out after birth. The foal showed normal adaptive behavior, clinical andhematological parameters during the first hours of life, although presenting physical signs of immaturity. Venous bloodsamples were collected from the mare at 315 days of gestation, immediately after foaling and...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Placental tissues from humans, rodents, and farm animal contain leptin and its receptor. Expression of leptin has already been described in horses, although there is no description about immunolocalization of leptin and its receptor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of leptin and ObR-b in the equine placenta at term by immunofluorescence staining, and the changes on plasma leptin concentrations during late gestation. The present study involved eight Criollo-type mares carrying healthy pregnancies. Blood samples were collected during the third trimester of gestation, at foaling, and at 24 hours after foaling. Leptin concentrations were analyzed via radioimmunoassay. Plasma leptin concentrations did not change from the 8th to the 10th month of gestation and displayed a discrete decrease 24 hours after parturition (P = .07). The expression of leptin and ObR-b was observed in the cytoplasm of pseudostratified epithelial cells in the areolar region and in the epithelium of microcotyledons. Also, leptin receptor was allocated in the apical surface of the cells. The presence of leptin and its receptor (ObR-b) in the placenta of mares at term supports an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine action of leptin within this organ.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Wry nose is a congenital deformity that causes respiratory obstruction and decreased oxygenation rate.Gestation in a wry nose mare may be considered a risk to the neonate since it depends on the maternal environment fordevelopment. Compromised oxygenation during pregnancy can lead to fetal distress and cause consequences on fetaldevelopment. However, depending on the degree of the impairment, the fetus may still be able to adapt. The aim of thepresent study was to report the gestation in a mare with facial deviation until term and to assess blood gases in the mareand neonate, and to evaluate the histomorphometry of the placenta.Case: A Criollo breed mare presenting facial deviation (Wry Nose) was donated to Equine Medicine Research Group(ClinEq) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) due to the presence of the physical deformity. When the mare wasfive years old, it was inseminated and had a pregnancy confirmed. At the fifth month of gestation, evaluation of fetalaorta diameter, fetal orbital diameter and combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) started to be performedmonthly to assess gestation health. The assessment of the fetal orbit and aorta diameter revealed a linear increase of bothvariables with the progress of gestation indicating a normal fetal development. CTUP remained in the normal referencerange, presenting no alterations during the gestational length. The mare foaled at 324 days of gestation a coat showing nocongenital deformities. The foaling was monitored until the complete passage of fetal membranes. A complete clinical andhematological evaluation of the foal was carried out after birth. The foal showed normal adaptive behavior, clinical andhematological parameters during the first hours of life, although presenting physical signs of immaturity. Venous bloodsamples were collected from the mare at 315 days of gestation, immediately after foaling and...

Assuntos

RESUMO

A presente revisão objetivou descrever os constituintes colostrais e sua importância sobre qualidade. Caracterizando e apresentando os itens, bem como sua resposta frente aos neonatos. O colostro equino é produzido na glândula mamária durante as últimas semanas de gestação. É a primeira secreção láctea por ocasião do parto, de viscosidade e coloração mais amarelada que o leite. É constituído de eletrólitos, carboidratos, gorduras, quantidades de proteína total, enzimas e imunoglobulinas. Dessa forma, o conhecimento dos constituintes colostrais é importante para estimar a viabilidade e possível assistência ao potro neonato.(AU)

The present review aims to describe the colostrum components and their importance on the quality of colostrum post-parturn. By this way, characterizing and demonstrating the components, as well as their response to neonates. In equine species the colostrum its produce in the mammary gland during the last weeks of gestation. The colostrum is the first milk secretion at delivery, exhibiting higher viscosity and more yellowish coloration when compared with milk. It consists of electrolytes, carbohydrates, fats, amountsof total protein, enzymes and immunoglobulin's. Thus, the knowledge of colostrum components is important to estimate viability and possible assistance to the newborn foal.(AU)

La presente revisión tiene como objectivo describir los componentes del calostro y su importancia sobre la calidad del mismo, caracterizando y demonstrando los artículos, así como su reacción frente a los neonatos. El calostro equino es producido en la glándula mamaria durante las últimas semanas de gestación, es la primera secreción mamaria post parto, de viscosidad y color mas amarillento que la leche. Se compone de electrolitos, carbohidratos, grasas, cantidades de proteína total, enzimas e inmunoglobulinas. De esta forma, el conocimiento de los componentes del calostro es importante para evaluar la viabilidad y posible asistencia ai potro neonato.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A presente revisão objetivou descrever os constituintes colostrais e sua importância sobre qualidade. Caracterizando e apresentando os itens, bem como sua resposta frente aos neonatos. O colostro equino é produzido na glândula mamária durante as últimas semanas de gestação. É a primeira secreção láctea por ocasião do parto, de viscosidade e coloração mais amarelada que o leite. É constituído de eletrólitos, carboidratos, gorduras, quantidades de proteína total, enzimas e imunoglobulinas. Dessa forma, o conhecimento dos constituintes colostrais é importante para estimar a viabilidade e possível assistência ao potro neonato.

The present review aims to describe the colostrum components and their importance on the quality of colostrum post-parturn. By this way, characterizing and demonstrating the components, as well as their response to neonates. In equine species the colostrum its produce in the mammary gland during the last weeks of gestation. The colostrum is the first milk secretion at delivery, exhibiting higher viscosity and more yellowish coloration when compared with milk. It consists of electrolytes, carbohydrates, fats, amountsof total protein, enzymes and immunoglobulin's. Thus, the knowledge of colostrum components is important to estimate viability and possible assistance to the newborn foal.

La presente revisión tiene como objectivo describir los componentes del calostro y su importancia sobre la calidad del mismo, caracterizando y demonstrando los artículos, así como su reacción frente a los neonatos. El calostro equino es producido en la glándula mamaria durante las últimas semanas de gestación, es la primera secreción mamaria post parto, de viscosidad y color mas amarillento que la leche. Se compone de electrolitos, carbohidratos, grasas, cantidades de proteína total, enzimas e inmunoglobulinas. De esta forma, el conocimiento de los componentes del calostro es importante para evaluar la viabilidad y posible asistencia ai potro neonato.

Assuntos