RESUMO
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health concern associated with high rates of mortality, even in milder cases. One of the reasons for the difficulty in managing AKI in patients is due to its association with pre-existing comorbidities, such as diabetes. In fact, diabetes increases the susceptibility to develop more severe AKI after renal ischemia. However, the long-term effects of this association are not known. Thus, an experimental model was designed to evaluate the chronic effects of renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice. We focused on the glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, as well as kidney function and metabolic profile. It was found that pre-existing diabetes may potentiate progressive kidney disease after AKI, mainly by exacerbating proinflammatory and sustaining fibrotic responses and altering renal glucose metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first report that highlights the long-term effects of renal IR on diabetes. The findings of this study can support the management of AKI in clinical practice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated that early diabetes potentiates progressive kidney disease after ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced acute kidney injury, mainly by exacerbating pro-inflammatory and sustaining fibrotic responses and altering renal glucose metabolism. Thus, these findings will contribute to the therapeutic support of patients with type 1 diabetes with eventual renal IR intervention in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Progressão da Doença , Rim , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Animais , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/complicações , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Camundongos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/patologia , Masculino , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Nefropatias Diabéticas/patologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estreptozocina , FibroseRESUMO
In metazoans, microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression, affecting critical cellular processes from differentiation and proliferation, to homeostasis. During miRNA biogenesis, the miRNA strand that loads onto the RNA-induced Silencing Complex (RISC) can vary, leading to changes in gene targeting and modulation of biological pathways. To investigate the impact of these "arm switching" events on gene regulation, we analyzed a diverse range of tissues and developmental stages in zebrafish by comparing 5p and 3p arms accumulation dynamics between embryonic developmental stages, adult tissues, and sexes. We also compared variable arm usage patterns observed in zebrafish to other vertebrates including arm switching data from fish, birds, and mammals. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that variable arm usage events predominantly take place during embryonic development. It is also noteworthy that isomiR occurrence correlates to changes in arm selection evidencing an important role of microRNA distinct isoforms in reinforcing and modifying gene regulation by promoting dynamics switches on miRNA 5p and 3p arms accumulation. Our results shed new light on the emergence and coordination of gene expression regulation and pave the way for future investigations in this field.
RESUMO
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) can generate severe complications, such as Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) or Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), with it emerging as the leading cause of terminal (end-stage) renal disease all over the world. For T1DM, the clinical evaluation of DKD uses markers like the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and the Urinary Albumin Excretion (UAE). However, early diagnosis of DKD is still a challenge. For this reason, investigating molecular markers, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), offers a promising perspective to an early diagnosis, highlighting the stability and the ability to reflect incipient molecular manifestations. Thus, here we investigated four miRNAs (hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-501-3p, and hsa-miR-100-5p) regarding nephropathy in patients with T1DM, considering the albuminuria (micro and macro) as a standard to evaluate the groups. As a result, we found a reduced expression of miR-100-5p in patients with MIC, indicating a protective role in nephropathy. Beyond that, expression levels between the groups (Non vs. UAE) were not significant when comparing the miRNAs miR-501-3p and miR-143-3p. Finally, miR-143-3p and miR-100-5p were linked to some target genes such as AKT1, MMP13, and IGF1R, that are connected to signal pathways and cellular metabolism.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Nefropatias Diabéticas , MicroRNAs , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Albuminúria/genética , Biomarcadores/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Nefropatias Diabéticas/genética , Nefropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo/genética , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , MicroRNAs/genética , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/genética , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This study standardized a semi-quantitative dot blotting assay (DB) and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect specific antibodies for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and its DNA in PCM patients. METHODOLOGY: We evaluated 42 confirmed PCM patients upon admission using a serological double agar gel immunodiffusion test (DID), DB, and molecular tests (qPCR in total blood). The control groups included 42 healthy individuals and 37 patients with other infectious diseases. The serological progress during treatment was evaluated in eight patients, and there was a relapse diagnosis in ten patients using the Pb B.339 strain antigen. The cut-off points for the serological tests were determined by a receiver operator characteristic curve. RESULTS: The DB and DID tests showed similar accuracy, but the DB identified lower antibody concentrations. Cross-reactions were absent in the DB assay. In the relapse diagnoses, DB exhibited much higher sensitivity (90%) than DID (30%). CONCLUSIONS: A DB assay is easier and faster than a DID test to be performed; DB and DID tests show the same accuracy, while blood qPCR is not recommended in the diagnosis at the time of admission; cross-reactions were not observed with other systemic diseases; DB and DID tests are useful for treatment monitoring PCM patients; and a DB assay is the choice for diagnosing relapse. These findings support the introduction of semi-quantitative DB assays in clinical laboratories.
RESUMO
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis that is diagnosed by visualizing the fungus in clinical samples or by other methods, like serological techniques. However, all PCM diagnostic methods have limitations. The aim of this study was to develop a diagnostic tool for PCM based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A total of 224 serum samples were included: 132 from PCM patients and 92 constituting the control group (50 from healthy blood donors and 42 from patients with other systemic mycoses). Samples were analyzed by attenuated total reflection (ATR) and a t-test was performed to find differences in the spectra of the two groups. The wavenumbers that had p < 0.05 had their diagnostic potential evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The spectral region with the lowest p value was used for variable selection through principal component analysis (PCA). The selected variables were used in a linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In univariate analysis, the ROC curves with the best performance were obtained in the region 1551-1095 cm-1. The wavenumber that had the highest AUC value was 1264 cm-1, achieving a sensitivity of 97.73%, specificity of 76.01%, and accuracy of 94.22%. The total separation of groups was obtained in the PCA performed with a spectral range of 1551-1095 cm-1. LDA performed with the eight wavenumbers with the greatest weight from the group discrimination in the PCA obtained 100% accuracy. The methodology proposed here is simple, fast, and highly accurate, proving its potential to be applied in the diagnosis of PCM. The proposed method is more accurate than the currently known diagnostic methods, which is particularly relevant for a neglected tropical mycosis such as paracoccidioidomycosis.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to synthesize scientific evidence on vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and its associated factors. METHODS: a scoping review, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by the JBI. Searches were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PubMed databases, including gray literature. Studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, without temporal delimitation. Editorials, studies that did not address vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and were not aligned with the objective and research question were excluded. The sample consisted of 18 articles. RESULTS: misinformation, concern about adverse effects, distrust about efficacy, affliction regarding administration simultaneously, and insecurity in relation to the laboratories were the reported reasons. CONCLUSIONS: strategies are needed to combat the lack of information about immunobiological agents, as misinformation was the main factor in parents' vaccine hesitation.
Assuntos
Pais , Vacinação , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , ComunicaçãoRESUMO
A prática predominantemente individual, curativa e de caráter liberal alicerçou, por muitos anos, a Odontologia, afastando-se de aspectos fundamentais de promoção da saúde e do atendimento humanizado. Nesta perspectiva, no cotidiano dos serviços em saúde bucal, ainda é possível perceber abordagens e ações fragmentadas, que prejudicam a prática de humanização e integralização do SUS e o processo de Educação Popular em Saúde. Dessa forma, a promoção da saúde evidenciada pela educação em saúde se torna uma ferramenta essencial, a qual promove a integração do ensino-serviço-comunidade. O objetivo do estudo é descrever um relato de experiência de graduandos em Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, desenvolvido por meio de ações de educação em saúde bucal para a população infantil e seus respectivos cuidadores assistidos pela Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Juiz de Fora, com base nos preceitos de Educação Popular em Saúde, no período de março a setembro de 2022. Além disso, busca realizar uma reflexão crítica sobre a importância da integração ensino-serviço-comunidade. Para isso, foi elaborado um cronograma de visitas, seguido pelo planejamento das ações e o desenvolvimento das atividades educativas em saúde bucal, que incluíram estudos prévios do território, capacitação de funcionárias, além de palestras, atividades, jogos, teatros e cartilhas educativas sobre saúde bucal, utilizando-se de linguagem adequada de acordo com a população-alvo. Conclui-se que a integração ensino-serviço-comunidade representa uma estratégia relevante, ao articular a formação profissional e o serviço de atenção à saúde ofertado no SUS. Além disso, ações de educação em saúde em consonância com os ideais de humanização do SUS favorecem a autonomia dos indivíduos, de modo que devem ser estimuladas.
For many years, dentistry was based on predominantly individual, curative and liberal practices, moving away from the fundamental aspects of health promotion and humanized care. From this perspective, in the daily routine of oral health services, it is still possible to see fragmented approaches and actions, which hinder the practice of humanization and integralization of the SUS and the process of Popular Health Education. In this way, health promotion, as evidenced by health education, becomes an essential tool, which promotes the integration of teaching-service-community. The aim of the study is to describe an experience report of undergraduate students in Dentistry at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, developed through oral health education actions for the child population and their respective caregivers assisted by Primary Health Care in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, based on the precepts of Popular Education in Health, from March to September 2022. It also seeks to critically reflect on the importance of teaching-service-community integration. To this end, a schedule of visits was drawn up, followed by action planning and the development of oral health education activities, which included previous studies of the area, training of staff, as well as lectures, activities, games, plays and educational booklets on oral health, using appropriate language according to the target population. The conclusion is that teaching-service-community integration is an important strategy for linking professional training and the health care services offered by the SUS. In addition, health education actions in line with the humanization ideals of the SUS favour the autonomy of individuals and should therefore be encouraged.
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Educação em Saúde Bucal , Relações Comunidade-InstituiçãoRESUMO
Este estudo objetivou compreender as concepções que guiam a produção do cuidado em saúde mental na atenção básica (AB) por meio de uma metassíntese da literatura. Por meio das bases de dados e bibliotecas virtuais Scopus, LILACS, BDENF, SciELO, BVS e PubMed e utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), buscaram-se textos qualitativos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados no Brasil entre 2010 e 2020, que abordassem como a produção do cuidado em saúde mental está sendo desenvolvida na AB do país; cujos objetivos se referissem a atos e saberes desenvolvidos em saúde mental na AB; que abordassem o conceito de integralidade do cuidado em saúde mental desenvolvido na AB do Brasil; e que tratassem do entendimento quanto à mudança da prática profissional a partir dessas iniciativas. Foram selecionados 66 trabalhos, a partir dos quais se identificou que a saúde mental ainda sofre com as consequências herdadas do modelo hospitalocêntrico e asilar de produção do cuidado. Além disso, evidenciaram-se impactos das questões e experiências pessoais na saúde mental dos sujeitos, negligência e visão restrita do cuidado psicossocial, predomínio de práticas biomédicas, centralização nas ações intramuros e psiquiatrização das práticas de saúde mental na AB, os quais constituem barreiras ao processo de desinstitucionalização e integralidade do cuidado em saúde mental. Assim, é importante reconhecer a legitimidade dos saberes e repensar práticas menos cristalizadas, a fim de enfrentar e problematizar modelos hegemônicos, para que se avance na produção do cuidado em saúde mental na AB.
This study aimed to understand the concepts that guide the production of mental health care developed in Primary Care (PC), with a meta-synthesis of the literature. From the databases and virtual libraries Scopus, LILACS, BDENF, SciELO, VHL, and PubMed and using Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS), qualitative texts in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, published in Brazil between 2010 and 2020 were sought., which addressed how the production of mental health care is being developed in PC in the country; works whose objectives refer to acts and knowledge developed in mental health in PC; works that address the concept of comprehensive mental health care developed in PC in Brazil; and works on understanding the change in professional practice based on these initiatives. A total of 66 papers were selected, from which it was identified that mental health still suffers from the consequences inherited from the hospital-centered and asylum model of care production. In addition, the impacts of personal issues and experiences on the subjects' mental health, negligence and restricted view of psychosocial care, predominance of biomedical practices, centralization in intramural actions, and psychiatrization of mental health practices in PC were evidenced, which constitute barriers to process of deinstitutionalization and integrality of mental health care. Thus, it is important to recognize the legitimacy of knowledge and rethink less crystallized practices, to face and problematize hegemonic models, so that the production of mental health care in PC can advance.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los conceptos que orientan la producción del cuidado en salud mental en la atención primaria (AP), mediante una metasíntesis de la literatura. Desde las bases de datos y bibliotecas virtuales Scopus, LILACS, BDENF, SciELO, BVS y PubMed, y utilizando los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS), se buscaron textos cualitativos en portugués, inglés y español, publicados en Brasil entre 2010 y 2020, que abordaron cómo la producción de atención a la salud mental se desarrolla en AP en el país; trabajos cuyos objetivos se refieran a actos y saberes desarrollados en salud mental en AP; los que abordaron el concepto de atención integral a la salud mental desarrollado en AP en Brasil; y aquellos que trataron de la comprensión del cambio en la práctica profesional a partir de estas iniciativas. Se seleccionaron 66 artículos, y se identificó que la salud mental aún sufre las consecuencias heredadas del modelo hospitalario y el aislamiento de la producción del cuidado. Además, los impactos de los problemas y experiencias personales en la salud mental de los sujetos, la negligencia y la visión restringida de la atención psicosocial, el predominio de las prácticas biomédicas, la centralización en las acciones intramuros y la psiquiatrización de las prácticas de salud mental en AP constituyen barreras para el proceso de desinstitucionalización e integralidad de la atención en salud mental. Así, es importante reconocer la legitimidad de los saberes y repensar las prácticas menos cristalizadas para enfrentar modelos hegemónicos y problematizarlos para que la producción de cuidados en salud mental en AP pueda avanzar.
RESUMO
Ter um sorriso harmônico é uma das prioridades dos pacientes dentro da odontologia, que procuram os profissionais da área para melhorar nos requisitos estéticos, tanto dos dentes, quanto da gengiva. Com os diversos avanços tecnológicos, o cirurgião-dentista pôde ampliar sua capacidade de diagnóstico e prognóstico, podendo realizar um planejamento de intervenção mais criterioso e com maior possibilidade de sucesso. Por meio desta revisão de literatura integrativa propomos elencar de forma minuciosa quais são essas características que podem desarmonizar um sorriso e ainda apresentamos como restabelecer a harmonia do sorriso por meio de procedimentos e elementos odontológicos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa nos portais eletrônicos PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Ebsco host e Scielo, utilizando os descritores: "smile", "periodontal plastic", "aesthetics", "black triangles" e "interdental papila", além dos seus termos relacionados em português, incluído publicações de 2019 a 2022. Foi possível observar que por meio de um quadro multifatorial, a estética e harmonia do sorriso pode ser comprometida por fatores gengivais, faciais e dentários. Assim, um planejamento assertivo deve ser realizado por um profissional capacitado, que identifique os pontos que interferem positivamente e negativamente no equilíbrio do sorriso, com o propósito de gerar soluções clínicas. Com uma abordagem multidisciplinar, pode-se ratificar que é possível restabelecer a harmonia do sorriso e conseguir a satisfação do paciente, por meio de procedimentos plásticos cirúrgicos e restauradores.
Having a harmonious smile is one of the priorities of patients in dentistry, who seek professionals in the area to improve the aesthetic requirements of both teeth and gums. With the various technological advances, the dental surgeon was able to expand his diagnostic and prognostic capacity, being able to carry out a more judicious intervention planning and with greater possibility of success. Through this integrative literature review, we propose to list in detail what are these characteristics that can disharmonize a smile and we also present how to restore the harmony of the smile through dental procedures and elements. A search was carried out in the electronic portals PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Ebsco host and Scielo, using the descriptors: "smile", "periodontal plastic", "aesthetics", "black triangles" and "interdental papilla", in addition to of its related terms in Portuguese, including publications from 2017 to 2022. It was possible to observe that through a multifactorial framework, the esthetics and harmony of the smile can be compromised by gingival, facial and dental factors. Thus, assertive planning must be carried out by a trained professional, who identifies the points that interfere positively and negatively in the balance of the smile, with the purpose of generating clinical solutions. With a multidisciplinary approach, it can be confirmed that it is possible to restore the harmony of the smile and achieve patient satisfaction, through plastic surgical and restorative procedures.