RESUMO
This study aimed to report the prevalence of diseases in foals, patients at the Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal de Lavras (HVGA-UFLA), and its association with deaths and possible failures in the transfer of passive immunity (FTIP) via colostrum. Data were obtained from clinical records of horses aged between 0 and 3 months, admitted to the HVGA between January/2014 and December/2018. Descriptive analyzes of the diseases and organ systems affected were performed, as well as univariate analyzes with chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, identifying possible associations between FTIP, infectious diseases and other factors. No significant relationships were found between FTIP and infectious disease, meconium retention, sepsis, or death. However, it was shown that animals weighing between 10 and 30kg were 29.333 times more likely (95% confidence interval 1.734 - 505.951) to die than those weighing between 30.1 and 130kg. Therefore, it can be concluded that low weight is a very relevant risk factor, which may be related to the failure of postural reflexes and, consequently, to the inability to ingest colostrum, impairing the ability to respond to infectious agents.
Este trabalho objetivou relatar a prevalência de enfermidades em potros, pacientes do Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais da Universidade Federal de Lavras (HVGA-UFLA), e sua associação com óbitos e possíveis falhas na transferência de imunidade passiva (FTIP) via colostro. Os dados foram obtidos pelas fichas clínicas de equinos com idade entre 0 e 6 meses, internados no HVGA entre janeiro/2014 e dezembro/2018. Foram realizadas análises descritivas das enfermidades e os sistemas orgânicos acometidos, além de análises univariadas, com testes de qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, identificando possíveis associações entre FTIP, enfermidades infecciosas e outros fatores, com p menor que 0,05 e intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Não foram encontradas relações significativas entre FTIP e enfermidades infecciosas, retenção de mecônio, sepse ou morte. No entanto, foi demonstrado que animais com peso entre 10 e 30kg tiveram 29,333 vezes (IC 95% 1,734 - 505,951) mais chance de virem a óbito que aqueles com peso entre 30,1 e 130kg. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o baixo peso é um fator de risco bastante relevante, que pode estar relacionado à falha de reflexos posturais e consequentemente, à incapacidade de ingerir colostro, prejudicando a capacidade de resposta a agentes infecciosos.
Assuntos
Animais , Fatores de Risco , Imunização Passiva , Colostro , Cavalos/imunologiaRESUMO
1. Uniformity in animal products is an important aspect of the production system. Several studies have reported estimates of genetics on residual variance in different species, indicating that it could be exploited to improve uniformity by selection. Nevertheless, there are no reports about the possibilities of such a selection strategy in meat quail.2. Records of hatching weight (HW) and body weight at 42 days (W42) of female and male birds from two meat quail lines (UFV1 and UFV2) were analysed. A three-step genetic evaluation was used to investigate the effect of genetic variation on residual variance of HW and W42 in both lines. In Step 1, a single-trait model was fitted to the data. In Step 2, log-transformed squared estimated residuals (ln(ê2)) were evaluated for these traits. In Step 3, a multi-trait analysis was performed to estimate the genetic correlation between the additive genetic effects for HW, W42, and their respective ln(ê2).3. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.12 to 0.23 for HW and from 0.22 to 0.35 for W42. The estimated heritabilities for the residual part were low and ranged from 0.0003 to 0.02 for both traits, and the genetic coefficient of variation residual variance estimates ranged from 0.31 to 0.42 for HW and from 0.09 to 0.25 for W42. Genetic correlations between the means (HW and W42) and ln(ê2) values were both positive and did not differ from zero, indicating no association between mean and ln(ê2).4. In conclusion, the uniformity of HW and W42 could be improved by selecting for lower residual variance in both meat quail lines, but the accuracy of selection may be low due to low heritability for uniformity, mainly for W42.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Codorniz , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Peso Corporal/genética , Coturnix/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Carne , Codorniz/genéticaRESUMO
We assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cofactors for cervical severe disease, as contribution for vaccine strategies at the right moment in which Brazilian health authorities have approved an anti-HPV vaccine. A case-control study was undertaken with 201 women who attended a public health service with previous abnormal cytology. The HPV status was ascertained by consensus primers My09/11 and typed by 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, and 58 specific primers. Patients diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and cervical cancer were referred as cases (n = 84). Patients with normal/inflammatory cervix or carrying benign cervical lesions were included in controls (n = 117). The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 75.6%, with 91.7% among cases. In spite of HPV 16 being the most frequent type (53.3%), 27.6% of infections were attributed to nonvaccine types. High-risk HPV were strongly associated to older women (OR = 6.7). Otherwise, age at the first intercourse (OR = 7.10), three or more parities (OR = 3.05), abortion episodes (OR = 4.80), and smoking (OR = 3.83) conferred a heavy effect in younger women. Among mediators affecting the progress from HSIL to cancer, age played the main role in easing the progression (OR = 1.09, P = 0.002) followed by education level (OR = 4.20, P = 0.066). White ethnia showed to be a protective factor (OR = 0.32, P = 0.055). Predictors from HPV exposure to malignant disease include demographic and behavioral factors. Public policies such as improvement of education and continued prevention campaigns might contribute to reduce this picture. This work also gives background, in identifying a target population, for implementing future vaccine strategies.
Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Sexual , Classe Social , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/etiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/etiologiaRESUMO
The jundiá (Rhamdia quelen, Quoy & Gaimard) is an endemic South American fish species. Because this species supports cold winters and grows faster during warm months, it has begun to be viewed as an ideal species for fish production in southern South America. In the present study, jundiá oocytes used were obtained by extrusion from females after hormone injection. Soon after hydration, the eggs were transferred to 50 L conic glass incubators, with constant and controlled water influx. Samples of fertilized eggs were transferred to Petri dishes and, examined under a stereoscopic microscope, were spherical, demersal, and non-adhesive with defined perivitelline space and resistant chorion. Cleavage stages occurred during the first 3.5 h. After hatching, larvae were transferred to 200 L glass fiber incubators. First signs of embryo movement were observed 21 h after fertilization; larval eclosion occurred 30.5 h after fertilization. Present findings may provide a basis for studies aimed at determining the complete ontogeny of jundiá and may be useful in eco-toxicological studies.
O jundiá (Rhamdia quelen, Quoy & Gaimard) é uma espécie endêmica da América do Sul. Por ser adaptada ao frio do inverno e ter um crescimento rápido durante os meses quentes, o jundiá é uma espécie adequada para aqüicultura no sul da América do Sul. Muitos aspectos da fisiologia reprodutiva, larvicultura, hematologia, fisiologia da resposta ao estresse, têm sido recentemente estudados. Os ovócitos utilizados neste estudo foram obtidos pela extrusão de fêmeas após indução hormonal. Logo após a hidratação, foram transferidos para incubadoras cônicas de vidro com capacidade para 50 L, com fluxo de água constante e controlado. Amostras de ovos fertilizados foram colocadas em placas de Petri e examinadas através de estereomicroscópio. Os ovos eram esféricos, demersais e não-adesivos, com espaço perivitelino definido e córion resistente. Os estágios de clivagem ocorreram durante as 3,5 primeiras horas. Após a eclosão, as larvas foram transferidas para incubadoras de fibra de vidro de 200 l. Os primeiros sinais de movimento embrionário foram observados 21 h após a fertilização, e a eclosão das larvas ocorreu 30,5 h após a fertilização. Estes resultados podem servir como base para muitos estudos, objetivando o conhecimento da ontogenia completa do jundiá, e para aplicação em estudos ecotoxicológicos.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Peixes/embriologia , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Óvulo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The jundiá (Rhamdia quelen, Quoy and Gaimard) is an endemic South American fish species. Because this species supports cold winters and grows faster during warm months, it has begun to be viewed as an ideal species for fish production in southern South America. In the present study, jundiá oocytes used were obtained by extrusion from females after hormone injection. Soon after hydration, the eggs were transferred to 50 L conic glass incubators, with constant and controlled water influx. Samples of fertilized eggs were transferred to Petri dishes and, examined under a stereoscopic microscope, were spherical, demersal, and non-adhesive with defined perivitelline space and resistant chorion. Cleavage stages occurred during the first 3.5 h. After hatching, larvae were transferred to 200 L glass fiber incubators. First signs of embryo movement were observed 21 h after fertilization; larval eclosion occurred 30.5 h after fertilization. Present findings may provide a basis for studies aimed at determining the complete ontogeny of jundiá and may be useful in eco-toxicological studies.
Assuntos
Peixes/embriologia , Animais , Feminino , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Óvulo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are one of the most important causes of morbidity in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The aim of this study was to identify risk factors (RFs) for NIs among critically ill newborn patients in a Brazilian NICU. METHODS: This 5-year prospective cohort study in an 8-bed NICU included all infants born in the hospital and admitted to the NICU from 1993 to 1997. Exposure variables were maternal and newborn data prospectively collected from patient records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine independent RFs associated with NIs. RESULTS: Univariate analysis indicated gestational age, congenital abnormality, premature rupture of membranes, maternal illness, birth weight, mechanical ventilation, central venous catheter, total parenteral nutrition, peripheral venous catheter, and length of stay as possible RFs. Multivariate analysis identified 5 independent RFs for NIs: premature rupture of membranes (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.51 [95% CI, 1.15-1.99]), maternal disease (HR = 1.57 [95% CI, 1.18-2.07]), mechanical ventilation (HR = 2.43 [95% CI, 1.67-3.53]), central venous catheter (HR = 1.70 [95% CI, 1.21-2.41]), and total parenteral nutrition (HR = 4.04 [95% CI, 2.61-6.25]). CONCLUSION: The recognition of RFs for NIs is an important tool for the identification and development of interventions to minimize such risks in the NICU.
Assuntos
Estado Terminal , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Doenças do Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Análise de Variância , Peso ao Nascer , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Hospitais Gerais , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/terapia , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Controle de Infecções/normas , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Nutrição Parenteral Total/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in the management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. METHODS: Computerized bibliographic search on MEDLINE, CURRENT CONTENTS and LILACS covering the period from January 1990 to March 1998; review of references of all papers found on the subject. Only randomized clinical trials evaluating nitric oxide and conventional treatment were included. OUTCOMES STUDIED: death, requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), systemic oxygenation, complications at the central nervous system and development of chronic pulmonary disease. The methodologic quality of the studies was evaluated by a quality score system, on a scale of 13 points. RESULTS: For infants without congenital diaphragmatic hernia, inhaled NO did not change mortality (typical odds ratio: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.8); the need for ECMO was reduced (relative risk: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.90), and the oxygenation was improved (PaO2 by a mean of 53.3 mm Hg; 95% CI: 44.8 to 61.4; oxygenation index by a mean of -12.2; 95% CI: -14.1 to -9.9). For infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, mortality, requirement for ECMO, and oxygenation were not changed. For all infants, central nervous system complications and incidence of chronic pulmonary disease did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled NO improves oxygenation and reduces requirement for ECMO only in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension who do not have diaphragmatic hernia. The risk of complications of the central nervous system and chronic pulmonary disease were not affected by inhaled NO.
Assuntos
Óxido Nítrico/uso terapêutico , Síndrome da Persistência do Padrão de Circulação Fetal/tratamento farmacológico , Vasodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados como Assunto , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We studied risk factors for nosocomial infections among 500 critically ill children who were admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit from August 1994 through August 1996 and who were prospectively followed until death, transfer, or discharge. Age, gender, postoperative state, length of stay, device-utilization ratio, pediatric risk of mortality score, and total parenteral nutrition were the risk factors studied. Through multivariate analysis, we identified three independent risk factors for nosocomial infection: device-utilization ratio (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.10-2.34), total parenteral nutrition (OR, 2.5; CI95, 1.05 5.81) and length of stay (OR, 1.7; CI95, 1.31-2.21).