RESUMO
The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune response is of significant relevance to the control of tuberculosis (TB), especially in individuals living with patients with TB. To characterize the nitric oxide (NO) production and the Foxp3 marker expression in this population, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of intradomiciliary contacts of individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis with (CTb, susceptible) and without (STb, resistant) previous history of active infection were stimulated in vitro with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen (TbAg) and with the mitogen Concanavalin A for 24 and 48 h. The groups analysed did not present significant difference in the Foxp3 mRNA expression nor in the NO production. Negative correlation (P = 0.09) between NO and Foxp3 after a 48-h stimulation with TbAg was observed in the STb group. In this group, after a 24-h culture stimulated with TbAg (P = 0.03), this same correlation was observed. In comparison with the cytokines previously studied by our group (Cavalcanti et al., 2009), a positive correlation was observed between IL-10 and Foxp3 after a 48-h culture of cells from communicants susceptible to tuberculosis (STb) stimulated with TbAg (P = 0.04). Evaluating the entire population, a positive correlation was observed between the cytokine TNF-α and the Foxp3 marker in the cultures stimulated for 24 (P = 0.03) and 48 (P = 0.02) hours with TbAg. Therefore, considering the similarity in the exposure and the individual capacity of responding to the contact with M. tuberculosis, the present study contributes to the comprehension of the immune regulation in individuals living with patients with TB.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/fisiologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Tuberculose Pulmonar/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Humanos , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Mensageiro/análiseRESUMO
The mitogenic lectins are invaluable tools to study the biochemical changes associated with lymphocyte activation and proliferation of various immune cells. Rachycentron canadum lectin (RcaL) was detected and purified from serum of cobia fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proliferative response and cytokine production in splenocytes of mice in vitro stimulated with RcaL lectin; Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Con A) was used as positive control. A high proliferation index was induced by RcaL in relation to control cells. Furthermore, RcaL induced higher IL-2 and IL-6 production in relation to control. The cell viability was 90% in splenocytes treated with RcaL lectin, but RcaL promoted significant late apoptosis after 24 and 48 h in relation to control. RcaL induced proliferative responses suggesting that this lectin can be used as a mitogenic agent in immunostimulatory assays.
Assuntos
Lectinas/farmacologia , Mitógenos/farmacologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Imunização , Técnicas Imunológicas , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Lectinas/sangue , Lectinas/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Perciformes/sangue , Lectinas de Plantas/farmacologia , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
The influence of immune response on the treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis is pointed by several authors, and the existence of protective immunity in self-healed patients (SH) is also suggested. Thus, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-) 10, IL-17, IL-22 and nitric oxide (NO) production was determined in PBMC culture supernatants from patients with active disease (AD) and after therapy, SH patients and healthy subjects, in response to the soluble antigen of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. It was demonstrated that, during the active disease, there is a predominance of IFN-γ and TNF-α, indicating a proinflammatory phase of the response; IL-17 is also highlighted at this clinical state. Also, TNF-α was slightly increased in patients after therapy. NO secretion was noticed in SH individuals, while IL-17 appeared in low levels in these patients and seems to be regulated by NO. The presence of IL-10 was observed in all groups of patients. From this study, we can suggest that in the active disease and after clinical cure, with or without chemotherapy, specific cellular immunity takes part against Leishmania, but with some similarities between the clinical states. Thus, it indicates that the mediators herein described are necessary for the cure to occur.
Assuntos
Citocinas/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Óxido Nítrico/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/biossíntese , Feminino , Humanos , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Adulto JovemRESUMO
American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has different clinical manifestations and these manifestations are dependent on the immunological status of the host. As CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and their mediators play a fundamental role in the host response to Leishmania and there is also a search for antigenic molecules to be used as future vaccines and tools for prognostic tests, this study characterized ACL patients' immune response after stimulation with soluble and insoluble fractions of L. (V.) braziliensis. We demonstrated a prevailing production of the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10 and a specific production of IFN-γ and TNF-α in patients before treatment. There was also a predominance of CD4(+) T cells and a small percentage CD8(+) T cells. The insoluble antigenic fraction primarily stimulated CD4(+) T cells, while the soluble antigenic fraction showed a mixed profile, with CD4(+) T cells being the main responsible for Th2 cytokines and CD8(+) T cells for Th1 cytokines. Therefore, our results showed that a down-modulation of the Th1 type of response occurs in the initial phase of L. braziliensis disease, being the antigenic fractions capable of stimulating a specific immune response.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Leishmania braziliensis/imunologia , Leishmania braziliensis/patogenicidade , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígenos de Protozoários/química , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cramoll 1,4 is a lectin with specific glucose/mannose binding, which is extracted from seeds of Cratylia mollis Mart. Many assays have shown the cytokine expression activity and anti-inflammatory profile of this lectin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunostimulatory response, in vitro, of splenocytes in mice previously inoculated, in vivo, with C. mollis (Cramoll 1,4) and Canavalia ensiformis (Con A) lectins. Results demonstrated higher proliferation indexes induced by Cramoll 1,4 than Con A lectin in relation to all experimental groups. Cramoll 1,4 and Con A also induced high levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and nitric oxide production. Moreover, Cramoll 1,4 did not induce apoptosis and stimulated a significant number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Results showed that Cramoll 1,4 lectin induces proliferative response and suggested that this lectin can be used as a mitogenic agent in immunostimulatory assays.
Assuntos
Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-2/imunologia , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Mitose , Lectinas de Plantas/imunologia , Baço/citologia , Baço/imunologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interleucina-2/biossíntese , Interleucina-6/biossíntese , Linfócitos/citologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/biossínteseRESUMO
Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem with 207 million people infected and more than 779 million at risk. The drug of choice for treating schistosomiasis is praziquantel (PZQ); however, it is inefficient against immature forms of schistosomes. The aim of this study was to test new imidazolidine derivatives LPSF/PT09 and LPSF/PT10 against adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. IC50, cytotoxicity, immune response and cell viability assays were also available for these imidazolidines. Different concentrations of imidazolidine, from 32 to 320 »M, promoted motor abnormalities in breeding and unpaired worms, and death in 24 hours at higher concentrations. Although LPSF/PT09 and LPSF/PT10 did not affect IFN-³ and IL-10 production, they induced nitric oxide production and showed a similar behavior to praziquantel on cell death test. Thus, these new imidazolidine derivatives should undergo further study to develop schistosomiasis drugs.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Imidazolidinas/imunologia , Schistosoma mansoni/imunologia , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem with 207 million people infected and more than 779 million at risk. The drug of choice for treating schistosomiasis is praziquantel (PZQ); however, it is inefficient against immature forms of schistosomes. The aim of this study was to test new imidazolidine derivatives LPSF/PT09 and LPSF/PT10 against adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. IC50, cytotoxicity, immune response and cell viability assays were also available for these imidazolidines. Different concentrations of imidazolidine, from 32 to 320 »M, promoted motor abnormalities in breeding and unpaired worms, and death in 24 hours at higher concentrations. Although LPSF/PT09 and LPSF/PT10 did not affect IFN-³ and IL-10 production, they induced nitric oxide production and showed a similar behavior to praziquantel on cell death test. Thus, these new imidazolidine derivatives should undergo further study to develop schistosomiasis drugs.(AU)
Assuntos
Esquistossomose/patologia , Saúde Pública , Alergia e Imunologia/classificação , Imidazolidinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Leishmania infections induce a specific activation of host immunological response, particularly characterized by T cell expansion. Studies indicate the importance of the balance between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in which the first ones would have their number reduced during the healing process. Meanwhile, CD25+ T cells have been associated with the suppression of the immune response. Since the immune response has an essential role in both healing and progression of diseases, this study aimed to identify the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ and CD25+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients afflicted with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) - before and after treatment - and healthy controls. Peripheral blood was collected and transferred to cytometry tubes containing monoclonal antibodies specific for cell surface markers CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16 e CD25. The immunophenotypic and morphometric parameters of cells were determined by flow cytometry and the results demonstrated a significant increase in the number of T CD8+ cells after treatment, suggesting a cytotoxic T cell response. An increase in CD25+ T cells in patients with active ACL and after treatment was also observed, suggesting the participation of these cells in the modulation of the exacerbated effector response.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Leishmaniose Cutânea/patologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Leishmania braziliensis/parasitologia , Úlcera Cutânea , Eucariotos/parasitologiaRESUMO
Accidents caused by snakes, especially in tropical and subtropical countries, still constitute a serious public health problem due to the lack of knowledge of health professionals and the precariousness of health systems in the regions where most accidents occur. Snake venoms contain a range of molecules that may provoke local swelling, pain, renal and respiratory insufficiencies. The study of the effects of each molecule on humans can help the development of complementary therapy. Similarly, the knowledge of clinical aspects of envenomations provides a better identification and implementation of appropriate treatment. In addition, to understand Bothrops envenomations and improve the therapeutic strategy, it is necessary to understand and study the role of important inflammatory mediators, particularly nitric oxide (NO), cytokines and the complement system.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento , Alergia e Imunologia/tendências , Mordeduras de Serpentes/classificação , Bothrops/classificação , Óxido Nítrico/químicaRESUMO
Accidents caused by snakes, especially in tropical and subtropical countries, still constitute a serious public health problem due to the lack of knowledge of health professionals and the precariousness of health systems in the regions where most accidents occur. Snake venoms contain a range of molecules that may provoke local swelling, pain, renal and respiratory insufficiencies. The study of the effects of each molecule on humans can help the development of complementary therapy. Similarly, the knowledge of clinical aspects of envenomations provides a better identification and implementation of appropriate treatment. In addition, to understand Bothrops envenomations and improve the therapeutic strategy, it is necessary to understand and study the role of important inflammatory mediators, particularly nitric oxide (NO), cytokines and the complement system.