RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: se busca cuantificar los retornos de la inversión asociados a una intervención en el sistema público de salud de un municipio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, consistente en el fortalecimiento de la estrategia denominada Eliminación de la Transmisión Maternoinfantil de la Infección por VIH, Sífilis, enfermedad de Chagas Congénita e Infección Perinatal por Hepatitis B (ETMI-PLUS). Metodología: el estudio (cuantitativo) se basa en la metodología de Retorno Social de la Inversión (RSI). Se establecieron definiciones ad-hoc para la medición de los retornos sobre la base de los datos disponibles provenientes de diversas fuentes: información primaria de la Secretaría de Salud del MAB; tasas de transmisión congénita de cada enfermedad notificados al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Salud; presupuestos detallados de los recursos asignados al proyecto por parte de la Fundación Mundo Sano y costos de tratamientos e insumos de nomencladores oficiales. Resultados: por cada peso invertido para reforzar la ETMI-PLUS en el MAB, se obtuvo un retorno de casi 4 pesos, gracias a las mejoras en la eliminación vertical de las cuatro enfermedades y al descenso de las complicaciones cardiacas en las mujeres embarazadas diagnosticadas con chagas y tratadas oportunamente. Conclusiones: estos resultados sugieren la existencia de una relación retorno-inversión favorable, analizada bajo una perspectiva conservadora, ya que, se incluyen exclusivamente los ahorros para el sistema de salud y se excluyen otras dimensiones de los retornos vinculadas con las mejoras en los resultados alcanzados.
Abstract Introduction: we seek to quantify the returns on investment associated with an intervention in the public health system of a Municipality of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This intervention consists of strengthening the strategy for the Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection, Syphilis, Congenital Chagas Disease and Perinatal Hepatitis B Infection, a strategy called ETMI-PLUS. Methodology: the study (quantitative) is based on the Social Return on Investment (RSI) methodology. Ad-hoc definitions are established for the measurement of returns based on the information available from various sources: primary information from the Ministry of Health of the MAB; rates of congenital transmission of each disease reported to the National Health Surveillance System; detailed budgets of the resources assigned to the project by Fundación Mundo Sano and costs of treatments and supplies from official nomenclators. Results: for each argentinean peso invested in strengthening the ETMI-PLUS in the MAB, a return of almost 4 pesos would have been obtained thanks to the improvements in the vertical elimination of the 4 diseases and the reduction of cardiac complications in pregnant women.Conclusions: these results suggest the existence of a return / investment relationship favorable to the intervention, analyzed under a conservative analysis since savings for the health system are exclusively included and other dimensions of returns associated with improvements in results are excluded.
Assuntos
Humanos , Sífilis/prevenção & controle , HIV , Doença de Chagas/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Argentina , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: passive immunotherapy is a therapeutic alternative for patients with COVID-19. Equine polyclonal antibodies (EpAbs) could represent a source of scalable neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess efficacy and safety of EpAbs (INM005) in hospitalized adult patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 pneumonia in 19 hospitals of Argentina. Primary endpoint was improvement in at least two categories in WHO ordinal clinical scale at day 28 or hospital discharge (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT04494984). FINDINGS: between August 1st and October 26th, 2020, a total of 245 patients were enrolled. Enrolled patients were assigned to receive two blinded doses of INM005 (n = 118) or placebo (n = 123). Median age was 54 years old, 65â¢1% were male and 61% had moderate disease at baseline. Median time from symptoms onset to study treatment was 6 days (interquartile range 5 to 8). No statistically significant difference was noted between study groups on primary endpoint (risk difference [95% IC]: 5â¢28% [-3â¢95; 14â¢50]; p = 0â¢15). Rate of improvement in at least two categories was statistically significantly higher for INM005 at days 14 and 21 of follow-up. Time to improvement in two ordinal categories or hospital discharge was 14â¢2 (± 0â¢7) days in the INM005 group and 16â¢3 (± 0â¢7) days in the placebo group, hazard ratio 1â¢31 (95% CI 1â¢0 to 1â¢74). Subgroup analyses showed a beneficial effect of INM005 over severe patients and in those with negative baseline antibodies. Overall mortality was 6â¢9% the INM005 group and 11â¢4% in the placebo group (risk difference [95% IC]: 0â¢57 [0â¢24 to 1â¢37]). Adverse events of special interest were mild or moderate; no anaphylaxis was reported. INTERPRETATION: Albeit not having reached the primary endpoint, we found clinical improvement of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, particularly those with severe disease.
RESUMO
Background: Chagas Disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, with some of the most serious manifestations affecting the cardiovascular system. It is a chronic, stigmatizing condition, closely associated with poverty and affecting close to 6 million people globally. Although historically the disease was limited to endemic areas of Latin America recent years have seen an increasing global spread. In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, the social and economic burdens on individuals and society are substantial. Often called the 'silent killer', Chagas disease is characterized by a long, asymptomatic phase in affected individuals. Approximately 30% then go on develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy and other serious cardiac complications such as stroke, rhythm disturbances and severe heart failure. Methods: In a collaboration of the World Hearth Federation (WHF) and the Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC) a writing group consisting of 20 diverse experts on Chagas disease (CD) was convened. The group provided up to date expert knowledge based on their area of expertise. An extensive review of the literature describing obstacles to diagnosis and treatment of CD along with proposed solutions was conducted. A survey was sent to all WHF Members and, using snowball sampling to widen the consultation, to a variety of health care professionals working in the CD global health community. The results were analyzed, open comments were reviewed and consolidated, and the findings were incorporated into this document, thus ensuring a consensus representation. Results: The WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease offers a comprehensive summary of current knowledge on prevention, diagnosis and management of the disease. In providing an analysis of 'roadblocks' in access to comprehensive care for Chagas disease patients, the document serves as a framework from which strategies for implementation such as national plans can be formulated. Several dimensions are considered in the analysis: healthcare system capabilities, governance, financing, community awareness and advocacy. Conclusion: The WHF IASC Roadmap proposes strategies and evidence-based solutions for healthcare professionals, health authorities and governments to help overcome the barriers to comprehensive care for Chagas disease patients. This roadmap describes an ideal patient care pathway, and explores the roadblocks along the way, offering potential solutions based on available research and examples in practice. It represents a call to action to decision-makers and health care professionals to step up efforts to eradicate Chagas disease.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/prevenção & controle , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Saúde Global , Humanos , Morbidade/tendências , Organização Mundial da SaúdeAssuntos
Doença de Chagas/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Sífilis/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Argentina , Bolívia , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/transmissão , Humanos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Paraguai , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/transmissão , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Chagas disease (CD) affects over six million people and is a leading cause of heart failure in the Americas. Few are able to access diagnosis and treatment for CD, resulting in a missed opportunity to prevent morbimortality. Integration of testing and treatment with the primary healthcare level is a key step in ensuring affected people receive timely antitrypansomal therapy, which increasing evidence shows can prevent chronic complications from the disease and halt congenital transmission. This article describes three collaborative projects focused on increasing access to testing and treatment for CD through primary healthcare facilities in Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/terapia , Argentina , Bolívia , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Colômbia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Instalações de Saúde , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: On an absolute basis, Argentina is the country with the largest affected population with Chagas Disease (ChD). This constitutes a significant public health issue. As a consequence of Argentina's migratory patterns, there has been a significant increase of affected population in urban centers. An innovative project for early diagnosis and timely treatment of ChD was designed for Municipal Primary Care Facilities of La Plata City, a non- endemic area, in line with a proposal from the Pan-American Health Organization. The project was a public -private intervention. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the feasibility of the primary healthcare level for early diagnosis and timely treatment of ChD; to design and implement a tailor made program and to innovate in a public-private association. METHODS: The healthcare barriers for early diagnosis and timely treatment for the population with ChD of La Plata were analyzed. The four dimensions described by Peters et al. (Ann N Y Acad Sci 1136:161-71, 2008) were used. The baseline was measured during a previous pilot project and the same items were evaluated at the end of 2017. The model from Damschroder et al. (Implement Sci 4:50, 2009) was used during the implementation process. RESULTS: With all the information gathered during this investigation, a "patient-centered" model was designed. During the program, 17,894 people were serologically tested for ChD, 1,394 were positive and 1,035 were treated. Additionally, 3,750 children from 46 public schools were evaluated for risk factors of ChD. CONCLUSIONS: This project showed the feasibility of the primary healthcare level for early diagnosis and timely treatment of ChD. Tailor made programs and public-private associations should be considered for vulnerable populations in emerging economies in order to enhance efforts and obtain better results. This program may be replicated in other countries of Latin America were Chagas is a main public health issue and, with the corresponding adaptations, for other neglected diseases as well.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Saúde Pública/métodos , Parcerias Público-Privadas , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/terapia , Criança , Diagnóstico Precoce , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Implementação de Plano de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Fatores de Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas , Tempo para o Tratamento , População Urbana , Adulto JovemRESUMO
[ABSTRACT]. This study evaluated and compared follow-up and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting for Chagas disease (CD) patients treated with benznidazole (BZN) by two health teams with different levels of experience, using medical records for 204 patients participating in the first year of a scaled-up public health program for CD case detection and treatment conducted at all 46 primary health care centers in La Plata district, Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 2014. Both teams were experienced in CD patient management and trained in BZN administration, and included senior physicians, but one team had no experience in administering BZN while the other team had three years of experience due to their participation in the program’s pilot project. Patients with positive serology for CD were treated with 5 mg/kg/day of BZN for 60 days. Patients’ median age was 35 years and 84.3% were female. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of ADRs reported by the experienced versus the inexperienced health teams (18 versus 44 respectively; P < 0.001). Health team experience in administering BZN to CD patients, and treatment duration, were significantly associated with reporting of ADRs (adjusted odds ratios (aORs) 0.340 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.177–0.652) and 0.967 (CI: 0.942–0.993) respectively). ADR reporting increased with patient age, occurring at the highest frequency (42.9%) in people 50+ years old. All treatment discontinuations (nine) occurred in patients followed up by the inexperienced health team. Level of experience in BZN administration to CD patients was significantly and inversely associated with frequency of ADR reports: inexperienced health team members tended to report more.
[RESUMEN]. El presente estudio evaluó y comparó el seguimiento y la notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas (RAM) en pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas tratados con benznidazol por dos equipos de salud con diferentes niveles de experiencia, mediante el uso de los expedientes médicos de 204 pacientes que participaron en el primer año de un programa de salud pública ampliado para la detección de casos de enfermedad de Chagas y su tratamiento, realizado en los 46 centros de atención primaria de salud del distrito de La Plata (Buenos Aires) en el 2014. Ambos equipos tenían experiencia en la atención de pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas, estaban capacitados en la administración de benznidazol e incluían médicos experimentados, pero uno de los equipos nunca había usado benznidazol, mientras que el otro tenía tres años de experiencia por su participación en el proyecto piloto del programa. Los pacientes con pruebas serológicas positivas para la enfermedad de Chagas recibieron 5 mg/kg/día de benznidazol durante 60 días. La mediana de edad de los pacientes era de 35 años y 84,3% eran mujeres. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el número de reacciones adversas medicamentosas notificadas por el equipo de salud experimentado y el equipo sin experiencia (18 y 44, respectivamente; P<0.001). Tanto la experiencia de los equipos de salud en la administración de benznidazol a los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas como la duración del tratamiento se asociaron significativamente con la notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas (razones de posibilidades ajustadas, 0,340; intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC]: 0,177–0,652; y 0,967, IC: 0,942–0,993, respectivamente). La notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas aumentó a mayor edad de los pacientes; la frecuencia máxima (42,9%) se observó en las personas mayores de 50 años. Todas las interrupciones del tratamiento (nueve) fueron en pacientes atendidos por el equipo de salud sin experiencia. El nivel de experiencia en la administración de benznidazol a los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas mostró una asociación significativa e inversa con la frecuencia de notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas: los miembros del equipo de salud sin experiencia tendieron a notificar más reacciones.
[RESUMO]. Neste estudo foram analisados e comparados dados notificados de reação adversa medicamentosa e de acompanhamento de pacientes com doença de Chagas tratados com benznidazol (BZN) por dois grupos de profissionais da saúde com níveis de experiencia distintos. Os dados foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos de 204 pacientes que participaram do primeiro ano de um programa expandido de saúde pública para detecção de casos e tratamento da doença de Chagas implantado nas 46 unidades básicas de saúde do distrito de La Plata em Buenos Aires, Argentina, em 2014. Ambos os grupos eram formados por médicos mais graduados e profissionais com experiencia na conduta de pacientes com doença de Chagas e capacitados em administrar BZN, porém um dos grupos era inexperiente em administrar BZN enquanto o outro contava com experiência de três anos por ter participado do projeto-piloto do programa. Os pacientes com sorologia positiva para doença de Chagas foram tratados com 5 mg/kg/dia de BZN por 60 dias. A mediana de idade foi 35 anos e 84,3% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino. Verificou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa no número de reações adversas medicamentosas notificadas pelo grupo experiente em relação ao grupo inexperiente (18 vs. 44, respectivamente; P < 0.001). Ter experiência em administrar BZN aos pacientes com doença de Chagas e a duração do tratamento foram fatores significativamente associados à notificação de reação adversa medicamentosa (razão de chances ajustada [aOR] 0,340, intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%] 0,177–0,652 e aOR 0,967, IC 95% 0,942–0,993, respectivamente). A notificação de reação adversa medicamentosa aumentou de acordo com a idade do paciente, ocorrendo com maior frequência (42,9%) nos pacientes acima de 50 anos. Os 9 casos de interrupção do tratamento ocorreram em pacientes acompanhados pelo grupo inexperiente. O nível da experiência em administrar BZN aos pacientes com doença de Chagas teve uma associação significativa e inversa com a frequência de notificação de reação adversa medicamentosa: os integrantes do grupo inexperiente tenderam a notificar mais.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Saúde Pública , Argentina , América Latina , Doença de Chagas , América Latina , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Saúde Pública , Doença de Chagas , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
This study evaluated and compared follow-up and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting for Chagas disease (CD) patients treated with benznidazole (BZN) by two health teams with different levels of experience, using medical records for 204 patients participating in the first year of a scaled-up public health program for CD case detection and treatment conducted at all 46 primary health care centers in La Plata district, Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 2014. Both teams were experienced in CD patient management and trained in BZN administration, and included senior physicians, but one team had no experience in administering BZN while the other team had three years of experience due to their participation in the program's pilot project. Patients with positive serology for CD were treated with 5 mg/kg/day of BZN for 60 days. Patients' median age was 35 years and 84.3% were female. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of ADRs reported by the experienced versus the inexperienced health teams (18 versus 44 respectively; P < 0.001). Health team experience in administering BZN to CD patients, and treatment duration, were significantly associated with reporting of ADRs (adjusted odds ratios (aORs) 0.340 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.177-0.652) and 0.967 (CI: 0.942-0.993) respectively). ADR reporting increased with patient age, occurring at the highest frequency (42.9%) in people 50+ years old. All treatment discontinuations (nine) occurred in patients followed up by the inexperienced health team. Level of experience in BZN administration to CD patients was significantly and inversely associated with frequency of ADR reports: inexperienced health team members tended to report more.
El presente estudio evaluó y comparó el seguimiento y la notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas (RAM) en pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas tratados con benznidazol por dos equipos de salud con diferentes niveles de experiencia, mediante el uso de los expedientes médicos de 204 pacientes que participaron en el primer año de un programa de salud pública ampliado para la detección de casos de enfermedad de Chagas y su tratamiento, realizado en los 46 centros de atención primaria de salud del distrito de La Plata (Buenos Aires) en el 2014. Ambos equipos tenían experiencia en la atención de pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas, estaban capacitados en la administración de benznidazol e incluían médicos experimentados, pero uno de los equipos nunca había usado benznidazol, mientras que el otro tenía tres años de experiencia por su participación en el proyecto piloto del programa. Los pacientes con pruebas serológicas positivas para la enfermedad de Chagas recibieron 5 mg/kg/día de benznidazol durante 60 días. La mediana de edad de los pacientes era de 35 años y 84,3% eran mujeres. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el número de reacciones adversas medicamentosas notificadas por el equipo de salud experimentado y el equipo sin experiencia (18 y 44, respectivamente; P<0.001). Tanto la experiencia de los equipos de salud en la administración de benznidazol a los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas como la duración del tratamiento se asociaron significativamente con la notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas (razones de posibilidades ajustadas, 0,340; intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC]: 0,1770,652; y 0,967, IC: 0,9420,993, respectivamente). La notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas aumentó a mayor edad de los pacientes; la frecuencia máxima (42,9%) se observó en las personas mayores de 50 años. Todas las interrupciones del tratamiento (nueve) fueron en pacientes atendidos por el equipo de salud sin experiencia. El nivel de experiencia en la administración de benznidazol a los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas mostró una asociación significativa e inversa con la frecuencia de notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas: los miembros del equipo de salud sin experiencia tendieron a notificar más reacciones.
Neste estudo foram analisados e comparados dados notificados de reação adversa medicamentosa e de acompanhamento de pacientes com doença de Chagas tratados com benznidazol (BZN) por dois grupos de profissionais da saúde com níveis de experiência distintos. Os dados foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos de 204 pacientes que participaram do primeiro ano de um programa expandido de saúde pública para detecção de casos e tratamento da doença de Chagas implantado nas 46 unidades básicas de saúde do distrito de La Plata em Buenos Aires, Argentina, em 2014. Ambos os grupos eram formados por médicos mais graduados e profissionais com experiência na conduta de pacientes com doença de Chagas e capacitados em administrar BZN, porém um dos grupos era inexperiente em administrar BZN enquanto o outro contava com experiência de três anos por ter participado do projeto-piloto do programa. Os pacientes com sorologia positiva para doença de Chagas foram tratados com 5 mg/kg/dia de BZN por 60 dias. A mediana de idade foi 35 anos e 84,3% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino. Verificou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa no número de reações adversas medicamentosas notificadas pelo grupo experiente em relação ao grupo inexperiente (18 vs. 44, respectivamente; P < 0.001). Ter experiência em administrar BZN aos pacientes com doença de Chagas e a duração do tratamento foram fatores significativamente associados à notificação de reação adversa medicamentosa (razão de chances ajustada [aOR] 0,340, intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%] 0,1770,652 e aOR 0,967, IC 95% 0,9420,993, respectivamente). A notificação de reação adversa medicamentosa aumentou de acordo com a idade do paciente, ocorrendo com maior frequência (42,9%) nos pacientes acima de 50 anos. Os 9 casos de interrupção do tratamento ocorreram em pacientes acompanhados pelo grupo inexperiente. O nível da experiência em administrar BZN aos pacientes com doença de Chagas teve uma associação significativa e inversa com a frequência de notificação de reação adversa medicamentosa: os integrantes do grupo inexperiente tenderam a notificar mais.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT This study evaluated and compared follow-up and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting for Chagas disease (CD) patients treated with benznidazole (BZN) by two health teams with different levels of experience, using medical records for 204 patients participating in the first year of a scaled-up public health program for CD case detection and treatment conducted at all 46 primary health care centers in La Plata district, Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 2014. Both teams were experienced in CD patient management and trained in BZN administration, and included senior physicians, but one team had no experience in administering BZN while the other team had three years of experience due to their participation in the program's pilot project. Patients with positive serology for CD were treated with 5 mg/kg/day of BZN for 60 days. Patients' median age was 35 years and 84.3% were female. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of ADRs reported by the experienced versus the inexperienced health teams (18 versus 44 respectively; P < 0.001). Health team experience in administering BZN to CD patients, and treatment duration, were significantly associated with reporting of ADRs (adjusted odds ratios (aORs) 0.340 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.177-0.652) and 0.967 (CI: 0.942-0.993) respectively). ADR reporting increased with patient age, occurring at the highest frequency (42.9%) in people 50+ years old. All treatment discontinuations (nine) occurred in patients followed up by the inexperienced health team. Level of experience in BZN administration to CD patients was significantly and inversely associated with frequency of ADR reports: inexperienced health team members tended to report more.
RESUMEN El presente estudio evaluó y comparó el seguimiento y la notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas (RAM) en pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas tratados con benznidazol por dos equipos de salud con diferentes niveles de experiencia, mediante el uso de los expedientes médicos de 204 pacientes que participaron en el primer año de un programa de salud pública ampliado para la detección de casos de enfermedad de Chagas y su tratamiento, realizado en los 46 centros de atención primaria de salud del distrito de La Plata (Buenos Aires) en el 2014. Ambos equipos tenían experiencia en la atención de pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas, estaban capacitados en la administración de benznidazol e incluían médicos experimentados, pero uno de los equipos nunca había usado benznidazol, mientras que el otro tenía tres años de experiencia por su participación en el proyecto piloto del programa. Los pacientes con pruebas serológicas positivas para la enfermedad de Chagas recibieron 5 mg/kg/día de benznidazol durante 60 días. La mediana de edad de los pacientes era de 35 años y 84,3% eran mujeres. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el número de reacciones adversas medicamentosas notificadas por el equipo de salud experimentado y el equipo sin experiencia (18 y 44, respectivamente; P<0.001). Tanto la experiencia de los equipos de salud en la administración de benznidazol a los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas como la duración del tratamiento se asociaron significativamente con la notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas (razones de posibilidades ajustadas, 0,340; intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC]: 0,177-0,652; y 0,967, IC: 0,942-0,993, respectivamente). La notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas aumentó a mayor edad de los pacientes; la frecuencia máxima (42,9%) se observó en las personas mayores de 50 años. Todas las interrupciones del tratamiento (nueve) fueron en pacientes atendidos por el equipo de salud sin experiencia. El nivel de experiencia en la administración de benznidazol a los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas mostró una asociación significativa e inversa con la frecuencia de notificación de reacciones adversas medicamentosas: los miembros del equipo de salud sin experiencia tendieron a notificar más reacciones.
RESUMO Neste estudo foram analisados e comparados dados notificados de reação adversa medicamentosa e de acompanhamento de pacientes com doença de Chagas tratados com benznidazol (BZN) por dois grupos de profissionais da saúde com níveis de experiência distintos. Os dados foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos de 204 pacientes que participaram do primeiro ano de um programa expandido de saúde pública para detecção de casos e tratamento da doença de Chagas implantado nas 46 unidades básicas de saúde do distrito de La Plata em Buenos Aires, Argentina, em 2014. Ambos os grupos eram formados por médicos mais graduados e profissionais com experiência na conduta de pacientes com doença de Chagas e capacitados em administrar BZN, porém um dos grupos era inexperiente em administrar BZN enquanto o outro contava com experiência de três anos por ter participado do projeto-piloto do programa. Os pacientes com sorologia positiva para doença de Chagas foram tratados com 5 mg/kg/dia de BZN por 60 dias. A mediana de idade foi 35 anos e 84,3% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino. Verificou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa no número de reações adversas medicamentosas notificadas pelo grupo experiente em relação ao grupo inexperiente (18 vs. 44, respectivamente; P < 0.001). Ter experiência em administrar BZN aos pacientes com doença de Chagas e a duração do tratamento foram fatores significativamente associados à notificação de reação adversa medicamentosa (razão de chances ajustada [aOR] 0,340, intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%] 0,177-0,652 e aOR 0,967, IC 95% 0,942-0,993, respectivamente). A notificação de reação adversa medicamentosa aumentou de acordo com a idade do paciente, ocorrendo com maior frequência (42,9%) nos pacientes acima de 50 anos. Os 9 casos de interrupção do tratamento ocorreram em pacientes acompanhados pelo grupo inexperiente. O nível da experiência em administrar BZN aos pacientes com doença de Chagas teve uma associação significativa e inversa com a frequência de notificação de reação adversa medicamentosa: os integrantes do grupo inexperiente tenderam a notificar mais.