RESUMO

Cattle farming is a major livestock activity with economic relevance in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. However, this activity is still considered of intermediate to low technological level, and in this region, there are few epidemiologic reports of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv), the causative agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC). Thus, we designed a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and Cfv-associated factors in cattle farms in RS, Brazil. In total, 99 farms were randomly selected to participate in the survey. Preputial mucus samples from selected bulls were collected twice (within a 15-day interval) and subjected to Cfv molecular detection. A farm was considered positive when at least one sample was positive for Cfv. Our findings indicate that the farm-level Cfv prevalence in RS is 67.67%. On average, the chance of a farm using natural service to be Cfv-positive increased approximately twice compared to farms that do not use natural service. We also determined that Cfv routine tests reduce the chance of a farm being positive by 92%. Therefore, both Cfv detection tests and the reduction of natural services decrease the chance of a farm being positive for Cfv. Finally, we conclude that Cfv is widely spread in Southern Brazil cattle farms and it is urgent the implementation of control measures to reduce Cfv prevalence in the target population.

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In this study there was evaluation of effects of different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG: 200, 300, or 400 IU) administrated at progesterone (P4) plus estradiol-based timed AI (TAI). A total of 1080 heifers were included in the study. There was insertion of the intravaginal P4-device plus administration of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate IM. On D7, 12.5 mg of dinoprost tromethamine IM was administered and on D9, the P4 insert was removed and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate IM was administered. Heifers were categorized according to Reproductive Tract Status (RTS; 1-5) and were assigned to one of three treatments: 200 IU (n = 387), 300 IU (n = 357), or 400 IU (n = 336) of eCG. Estrous occurrence was evaluated at TAI 48 h later (D11). A subset of heifers (n = 213) had the largest follicle (LF) evaluated on D9 and on D11, and the formation of a new CL evaluated on D18.There was no effect of eCG treatment on LF on D11 (P = 0.79), occurrence of estrus (P = 0.92), and pregnancy at 30 days after AI (P/AI; 52.2%, 49.8%, and 51.5% for 200 IU, 300 IU, and 400 IU, respectively; P = 0.46). Regardless of the treatment, there was a greater P/AI when heifers had a functional CL, at initiation of the estrous synchronization treatment regimen. It, therefore, is efficacious to reduce the dose of eCG to 300 or 200 IU in purebred taurine and crossbred beef heifers without negative effects on ovarian, estrous or pregnancy responses.

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Pteridium spp., popularmente conhecida como samambaia, comumente encontrada em solos ácidos, arenosos e de baixa fertilidade. A intoxicação ocorre quando os animais passam por privação alimentar ou ingestão acidental. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a ocorrência de dois casos de intoxicação crônica por samambaia em bovinos na região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ambos os casos cursaram com sinais clínicos de disfagia, halitose, salivação e presença de tumores na orofaringe. A baixa oferta e qualidade de forragem, superlotação das áreas de pasto, manejo inadequado das pastagens, a presença de Pteridium arachnoideum, os sinais clínicos em conjunto com os achados de necropsia e o exame histopatológico confirmaram o diagnóstico de intoxicação crônica.(AU)

Pteridium spp., commonly known as fern, is commonly found in acidic, sandy and low fertility soils. Poisoning occurs when animals go through food deprivation or accidental ingestion. The objective of this study is to report the occurrence of two cases of chronic intoxication in cattle in the northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Both cases had clinical signs of dysphagia, halitosis, salivation and the presence of tumors in the oropharynx. Low supply and quality of forage, overcrowding of pasture areas, inadequate pasture management, presence of Pteridium arachnoideum, clinical signs, necropsy and histopathological of lesions confirmed the diagnosis of chronic intoxication.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Pteridium spp., popularmente conhecida como samambaia, comumente encontrada em solos ácidos, arenosos e de baixa fertilidade. A intoxicação ocorre quando os animais passam por privação alimentar ou ingestão acidental. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a ocorrência de dois casos de intoxicação crônica por samambaia em bovinos na região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ambos os casos cursaram com sinais clínicos de disfagia, halitose, salivação e presença de tumores na orofaringe. A baixa oferta e qualidade de forragem, superlotação das áreas de pasto, manejo inadequado das pastagens, a presença de Pteridium arachnoideum, os sinais clínicos em conjunto com os achados de necropsia e o exame histopatológico confirmaram o diagnóstico de intoxicação crônica.

Pteridium spp., commonly known as fern, is commonly found in acidic, sandy and low fertility soils. Poisoning occurs when animals go through food deprivation or accidental ingestion. The objective of this study is to report the occurrence of two cases of chronic intoxication in cattle in the northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Both cases had clinical signs of dysphagia, halitosis, salivation and the presence of tumors in the oropharynx. Low supply and quality of forage, overcrowding of pasture areas, inadequate pasture management, presence of Pteridium arachnoideum, clinical signs, necropsy and histopathological of lesions confirmed the diagnosis of chronic intoxication.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Pteridium spp., popularmente conhecida como samambaia, comumente encontrada em solos ácidos, arenosos e de baixa fertilidade. A intoxicação ocorre quando os animais passam por privação alimentar ou ingestão acidental. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a ocorrência de dois casos de intoxicação crônica por samambaia em bovinos na região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ambos os casos cursaram com sinais clínicos de disfagia, halitose, salivação e presença de tumores na orofaringe. A baixa oferta e qualidade de forragem, superlotação das áreas de pasto, manejo inadequado das pastagens, a presença de Pteridium arachnoideum, os sinais clínicos em conjunto com os achados de necropsia e o exame histopatológico confirmaram o diagnóstico de intoxicação crônica.

Pteridium spp., commonly known as fern, is commonly found in acidic, sandy and low fertility soils. Poisoning occurs when animals go through food deprivation or accidental ingestion. The objective of this study is to report the occurrence of two cases of chronic intoxication in cattle in the northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Both cases had clinical signs of dysphagia, halitosis, salivation and the presence of tumors in the oropharynx. Low supply and quality of forage, overcrowding of pasture areas, inadequate pasture management, presence of Pteridium arachnoideum, clinical signs, necropsy and histopathological of lesions confirmed the diagnosis of chronic intoxication.

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RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of estrus resynchronization (RE) after the first Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) protocol on reproductive efficiency of suckled Bos taurus beef cows (n = 1052; Angus and Brangus) subjected to two different breeding season (BS) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In experiment 1, cows were maintained in native pasture on conventional BS (spring-summer), and in experiment 2, cows were maintained in a grazing area cultivated in an integrated crop-livestock system on modified BS (autumn -winter). Experiment 1 cows (n = 92) were randomly distributed in two reproductive managements: 1) TAI at the first day of the BS (Day 0), followed by natural service (NS) on day 10 until the end of the BS (TAI + NS; n = 45) or, 2) TAI on day 0, followed by RE 22 days after the first TAI and then followed by NS on day 42 until the end of the BS (TAI + RE22 + NS; n = 47). Experiment 2 cows (n = 960) were subjected to one of four reproductive managements: 1) only NS for 90 days of the BS (NS; n = 266); 2) TAI on day 0, followed by NS on day 10 until the end of the BS (TAI + NS; n = 200); 3) TAI on day 0, followed by RE 22 days after the first TAI and then followed by NS on day 42 until the end of the BS (TAI + RE22 + NS; n = 249) or, 4) TAI on day 0, followed by RE 30 days after the first TAI and then followed by NS on day 50 until the end of the BS (TAI + RE30 + NS; n = 245). In experiment 1, conception rate after first TAI was similar for treatments TAI + NS (42%, 19/45) and TAI + RE22 + NS (48%, 23/47; P = 0.4107). Total pregnancy rates at day 60 of the BS were 55.6% and 66.6% for TAI + NS and TAI + RE22 + NS, respectively (P = 0.006). In experiment 2, only 3% of the females submitted to NS were pregnant 30 days after the onset of BS, a lower rate compared to other groups (TAI + NS = 40%; TAI + RE22 + NS = 39.8%; TAI + RE30 + NS = 40%; P < 0.001). At 70 days of the BS, the groups TAI + RE22 + NS and TAI + RE30 + NS obtained greater pregnancy rate (66.3% and 69.4%, respectively) than other groups (NS = 16.9%; TAI + NS = 48%; P < 0.001). Pregnancy rate at the end of BS was greater in RE groups (TAI + RE22 + NS = 81.5%; TAI + RE30 + NS = 83.7%) than the NS (45.1%) or TAI + NS (71%). In conclusion, resynchronization increases pregnancy rate per AI (P/AI) and reproductive efficiency of suckled Bos taurus beef cows during spring-summer or autumn-winter breeding season in natural pasture or cultivated pasture, respectively.

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The composition of semen diluents can modify its viability during cooling. The buffering effects of HEPES and sodium bicarbonate were evaluated considering the pH and sperm viability. The semen of seven adult Brazilian ponies was evaluated before and after cooling at 5o C for 24 h and 48 h. A non-buffered skim milk powder extender (C) and the same extender buffered with sodium bicarbonate (SB) and HEPES (H) were used. After dilution, semen (three ejaculates/pony) was centrifuged and the seminal plasma discarded. Sperm was then diluted with SB, H or C and its concentration adjusted to 50 x 106 sptz/mL. Progressive motility evaluated after dilution showed similar results with all extenders (71.42% (SB), 74.28% (H), and 74.52% (C)). Sperm motility was evaluated 24 h and 48 h after cooling for SB (44.76% and 25.23%), H (51.42% and 38.09%) and C (54.05% and 41.66%, respectively). Plasma membrane integrity was similar after exposure to the three extenders (62.71% (SB), 68.76% (H), and 69.23% (C)). Mitochondrial activity was higher in SB immediately after dilution (SB= 1.05nm, H= 0.81nm, C= 0.79nm), and after 24 h (0.83nm (SB), 0.73nm (H) and 0.64nm (C)). After 48 h, the mitochondrial activity decreased to 0.72nm (SB), 0.69nm (H), and 0.63nm (C) (P > 0.05). The pH, osmolarity and pH after 48 h of cooling of the diluted semen were higher in SB (8; 382; 7.9), intermediate in H (7.5; 362; 7.32) and lower in C (7.16; 350; 7.07). Lipid peroxidation and its induction were similar in all groups. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Duncan’s test was used to evaluate the significant differences (P < 0.05). Sodium bicarbonate reduced the progressive motility and increased the semen pH. The extender C was considered more appropriate for immediate use in artificial insemination. The non-buffered and HEPES-buffered extenders were considered appropriate for the cooling of equine semen for 48 h at 5°C.

A composição dos diluentes de sêmen pode modificar sua viabilidade durante o processo de resfriamento. O efeito de tamponamento do HEPES e Bicarbonato de Sódio foi avaliado considerando o pH e a viabilidade espermática. Sete pôneis brasileiros adultos tiveram seu sêmen avaliado antes e após a refrigeração a 5°C durante 24 h e 48 h. Um diluente de leite em pó desnatado não tamponado (C) e um diluente tamponado com bicarbonato de sódio (SB) ou HEPES (H) foram utilizados. Após a diluição, o sêmen (três ejaculados/ pônei) foi centrifugado e o sobrenadante foi descartado. O sêmen foi então diluído com SB, H ou C e a concentração ajustada para 50 x 106 espermatozoides/mL. A motilidade progressiva avaliada após a diluição apresentou resultados similares para todos os diluentes (71,42% (SB), 74,28% (H), 74,52% (C)). A motilidade espermática foi avaliada 24 h e 48 h após o resfriamento, respectivamente, para SB (44,76%, 25,23%), H (51,42%, 38,09%) e C (54,05%, 41,66%). A integridade da membrana plasmática foi semelhante após a exposição aos três diluentes (62,71% (SB), 68,76% (H), 69,23% (C)). A atividade mitocondrial após a diluição foi maior em SB (SB = 1.05nm, H = 0.81nm, C = 0.79nm) e após 24 h foi 0.83nm (SB), 0.73nm (H) e 0.64nm (C). A atividade mitocondrial após 48 h diminuiu para 0.72nm (SB), 0.69nm (H) e 0.63nm (C) (P > 0.05). O pH, a osmolaridade e o pH do sêmen diluído após as 48 h de refrigeração foram maiores em SB (8; 382; 7,9), intermediário em H (7,5; 362; 7,32) e menor em C (7,16; 350; 7,07). A peroxidação lipídica e sua indução foram semelhantes em todos os grupos. As médias foram avaliadas através de análise de variância (ANOVA) e o Teste Duncan foi utilizado para analisar as diferenças significativas (P < 0.05). O bicarbonato de sódio reduziu a motilidade progressiva e aumentou o pH do sêmen. O diluente C foi considerado mais adequado para uso imediato na inseminação artificial...

Assuntos

RESUMO

The composition of semen diluents can modify its viability during cooling. The buffering effects of HEPES and sodium bicarbonate were evaluated considering the pH and sperm viability. The semen of seven adult Brazilian ponies was evaluated before and after cooling at 5o C for 24 h and 48 h. A non-buffered skim milk powder extender (C) and the same extender buffered with sodium bicarbonate (SB) and HEPES (H) were used. After dilution, semen (three ejaculates/pony) was centrifuged and the seminal plasma discarded. Sperm was then diluted with SB, H or C and its concentration adjusted to 50 x 106 sptz/mL. Progressive motility evaluated after dilution showed similar results with all extenders (71.42% (SB), 74.28% (H), and 74.52% (C)). Sperm motility was evaluated 24 h and 48 h after cooling for SB (44.76% and 25.23%), H (51.42% and 38.09%) and C (54.05% and 41.66%, respectively). Plasma membrane integrity was similar after exposure to the three extenders (62.71% (SB), 68.76% (H), and 69.23% (C)). Mitochondrial activity was higher in SB immediately after dilution (SB= 1.05nm, H= 0.81nm, C= 0.79nm), and after 24 h (0.83nm (SB), 0.73nm (H) and 0.64nm (C)). After 48 h, the mitochondrial activity decreased to 0.72nm (SB), 0.69nm (H), and 0.63nm (C) (P > 0.05). The pH, osmolarity and pH after 48 h of cooling of the diluted semen were higher in SB (8; 382; 7.9), intermediate in H (7.5; 362; 7.32) and lower in C (7.16; 350; 7.07). Lipid peroxidation and its induction were similar in all groups. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Duncans test was used to evaluate the significant differences (P < 0.05). Sodium bicarbonate reduced the progressive motility and increased the semen pH. The extender C was considered more appropriate for immediate use in artificial insemination. The non-buffered and HEPES-buffered extenders were considered appropriate for the cooling of equine semen for 48 h at 5°C.(AU)

A composição dos diluentes de sêmen pode modificar sua viabilidade durante o processo de resfriamento. O efeito de tamponamento do HEPES e Bicarbonato de Sódio foi avaliado considerando o pH e a viabilidade espermática. Sete pôneis brasileiros adultos tiveram seu sêmen avaliado antes e após a refrigeração a 5°C durante 24 h e 48 h. Um diluente de leite em pó desnatado não tamponado (C) e um diluente tamponado com bicarbonato de sódio (SB) ou HEPES (H) foram utilizados. Após a diluição, o sêmen (três ejaculados/ pônei) foi centrifugado e o sobrenadante foi descartado. O sêmen foi então diluído com SB, H ou C e a concentração ajustada para 50 x 106 espermatozoides/mL. A motilidade progressiva avaliada após a diluição apresentou resultados similares para todos os diluentes (71,42% (SB), 74,28% (H), 74,52% (C)). A motilidade espermática foi avaliada 24 h e 48 h após o resfriamento, respectivamente, para SB (44,76%, 25,23%), H (51,42%, 38,09%) e C (54,05%, 41,66%). A integridade da membrana plasmática foi semelhante após a exposição aos três diluentes (62,71% (SB), 68,76% (H), 69,23% (C)). A atividade mitocondrial após a diluição foi maior em SB (SB = 1.05nm, H = 0.81nm, C = 0.79nm) e após 24 h foi 0.83nm (SB), 0.73nm (H) e 0.64nm (C). A atividade mitocondrial após 48 h diminuiu para 0.72nm (SB), 0.69nm (H) e 0.63nm (C) (P > 0.05). O pH, a osmolaridade e o pH do sêmen diluído após as 48 h de refrigeração foram maiores em SB (8; 382; 7,9), intermediário em H (7,5; 362; 7,32) e menor em C (7,16; 350; 7,07). A peroxidação lipídica e sua indução foram semelhantes em todos os grupos. As médias foram avaliadas através de análise de variância (ANOVA) e o Teste Duncan foi utilizado para analisar as diferenças significativas (P < 0.05). O bicarbonato de sódio reduziu a motilidade progressiva e aumentou o pH do sêmen. O diluente C foi considerado mais adequado para uso imediato na inseminação artificial...(AU)

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RESUMO

Background: Artificial insemination and transport of cooled semen has been routinely used in equine industry in the past 20 years. However, more investigations are needed regarding the methods for long time storage in pony stallion semen. The effect of dilution and cooling temperature on pH, sperm motility, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity were investigated before and after cooling of stallion semen.Materials, Methods & Results: Two ejaculates each from nine Brazilian ponies were diluted in a nonbuffered powder milk extender cooled at 5°C or 15°C for 48 h using three different dilutions (1:1, 1:2 or 1:3). Data were assessed by analysis of variance and the rate comparison was performed using the Duncan test. Samples diluted 1:1 at 5o C or 15°C showed higher pH values (7.63 ± 0.34 e 7.57 ± 0.27) and lower progressive motility (10.3 ± 11.05, 17.08 ± 9.95). All samples cooled at 15°C also showed lower incidence of morphologically altered spermatozoa (1:1 = 55.84%; 1:2 = 51.84%; 1:3 = 49.95%) [P 0.05) despite time and temperature. The pH, progressive motility, mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity remained similar (P > 0.05) on fresh semen samples independent of the dilution grade used. The best results were obtained when semen was diluted 1:3 and cooled at 15°C. All dilution grades were safe for fresh semen and pH wasincreased when semen was diluted and cooled for 48 h.[...]

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Background: Artificial insemination and transport of cooled semen has been routinely used in equine industry in the past 20 years. However, more investigations are needed regarding the methods for long time storage in pony stallion semen. The effect of dilution and cooling temperature on pH, sperm motility, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity were investigated before and after cooling of stallion semen.Materials, Methods & Results: Two ejaculates each from nine Brazilian ponies were diluted in a nonbuffered powder milk extender cooled at 5°C or 15°C for 48 h using three different dilutions (1:1, 1:2 or 1:3). Data were assessed by analysis of variance and the rate comparison was performed using the Duncan test. Samples diluted 1:1 at 5o C or 15°C showed higher pH values (7.63 ± 0.34 e 7.57 ± 0.27) and lower progressive motility (10.3 ± 11.05, 17.08 ± 9.95). All samples cooled at 15°C also showed lower incidence of morphologically altered spermatozoa (1:1 = 55.84%; 1:2 = 51.84%; 1:3 = 49.95%) [P < 0.01]. Mitochondrial activity was higher on the 1:3 dilution (0.86 ± 0.19 nm) at 5°C and on the 1:1 (0.89 ± 0.23 nm), 1:2 (0.93 ± 0.2 nm) and 1:3 (0.92 ± 0.2 nm) dilutions at 15°C. Progressive motility was higher when semen was diluted 1:3 and cooled at 15°C (42.22 ± 12.38; P < 0.05). Considering mitochondrial activity, similar results were observed when different dilutions of semen were used (P > 0.05) despite time and temperature. The pH, progressive motility, mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity remained similar (P > 0.05) on fresh semen samples independent of the dilution grade used. The best results were obtained when semen was diluted 1:3 and cooled at 15°C. All dilution grades were safe for fresh semen and pH wasincreased when semen was diluted and cooled for 48 h.[...](AU)

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