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Introduction: Nutritional exposure is considered the main environmental influence that contributes to gallstone disease (GD). Aim: The aim of this study was to determine food intakes patters and estimate risk of GD. Methods: A nested case-control study was carried out within the framework of a previous screening study conducted on a representative sample in Rosario, Argentina. Participants underwent a personal interview. Average amount of each food intake and quantity nutrients were estimated applying a food-frequency questionnaire. Food consumption patterns were identified by principal component analysis, and logistic regression analysis was used to estimate risks. Results: The sample was conformed by 51 cases and 69 controls. Two dietary patterns were identified. Cases were characterised by the unhealthy intake pattern (high intakes of animal fats, sugar, cereals, grains, cold cuts, processed meats, chicken with skin, fat beef and low intake of red vegetables and yellows, cabbages, fruits and fish). Conclusion: Controls were characterised by the healthy intake pattern (high intake of skinless chicken, nuts, lean beef, vitamin A and C rich fruits, and low consumption of chicken with skin, green leaves vegetables and sprouts). The unhealthy pattern showed an increased risk of developing GD while healthy patter behaved as a protective factor.

Introducción: La exposición nutricional se considera la principal exposición ambiental que contribuye a la formación de cálculos biliares. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el patrón de consumo alimentario de casos y controles de EC y estimar el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad según los distintos patrones constituidos. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio analítico retrospectivo transversal de casos y controles, anidado a un estudio de prevalencia realizado en Rosario. Todos los participantes fueron entrevistados personalmente. El consumo de alimentos se consignó a través de un cuestionario semi-cuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo. Para determinar patrones de consumo alimentario se realizó un análisis de componentes principales, y análisis de regresión logística múltiple para evaluar riesgos. Resultados: La muestra quedó conformada por 51 casos y 69 controles. Se determinaron dos componentes que permitían diferenciar los casos de los controles, a través de las cuales se establecieron 2 patrones de consumo. Los casos se caracterizaron por un consumo determinado por el Patrón Poco saludable (altas ingestas de grasas animales, azúcar, cereales, granos, fiambres y embutidos) y los controles por el consumo del patrón Saludable (altas ingestas de pollo sin piel, frutas secas, carne vacuna magra, frutas, lácteos enteros). El patrón Poco saludable, aumentó el riesgo de desarrollar EC mientras que el patrón Saludable, se comportó como protector. Conclusión principal: Los patrones constituidos diferencian los casos de los controles, y la ingesta propia de los casos se correlaciona con un perfil de consumo que caracteriza a las culturas occidentales modernas y urbanas.

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The use of convalescent plasma (CP) for hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection might be a useful option in certain settings. Soon after the outbreak of COVID-19, the National Ministry of Health of Argentina recommended the use of CP transfusion for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease. Between 1 June and 3 October 2020, 480 patients, excluding those on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), received at least one CP infusion in the province of Santa Fe. We aimed to find factors associated with mortality among this cohort of patients. The median age was 60 years (interquartile range: 49-69 years) and 320 (66.7%) were males. Most of these patients (93.75%) received a single CP infusion, 82.1% and 95.6% before day 4 and day 7 of hospitalization, respectively. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers were determined in the CP units administered using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay. At 28 days of follow-up, 250 patients were discharged (52.1%), 131 (27.3%) remained hospitalized without and 16 (3.3%) with oxygen requirement, 27 (5.6%) were on IMV, and 56 (11.7%) had died. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the factors significantly associated with 28-day mortality were (i) requirement of IMV, (ii) the administration of CP after the third day of hospitalization, (iii) age, and (iv) number of comorbidities. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the infused CP were not associated with mortality. Our findings may imply a seemingly favorable effect of CP administration among patients with severe COVID-19 disease when infused sooner after hospitalization.IMPORTANCEThe use of convalescent plasma (CP) could be an option for patients with severe COVID-19, especially in poor-resource countries where direct antiviral drugs are not commercially available. Currently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration limits the CP administration for outpatients and inpatients with COVID-19 who are immunocompromised and only if high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are confirmed in the CP unit. Although most of the randomized clinical trials failed to show a clear-cut benefit of CP in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, other studies have shown that if given early in the course of the disease, it might be a useful therapeutic option. In this retrospective study, we demonstrated that early treatment (within 3 days of hospitalization) was significantly associated with reduced 28-day mortality compared with those patients treated beyond day 3. The results from our study add up to the scientific evidence on the use of CP as a relatively safe, cheap, and possibly effective therapy in certain patients suffering from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Introduction: Anti-COVID vaccination in Argentina was carried out using different protocols and variations in periods between administrations, as well as combinations of different vaccine platforms. Considering the relevance of the antibody response in viral infections, we analyzed anti-S antibodies in healthy people at different points of time following the Sputnik immunization procedure. Methods: We attended the vaccination centers in the city of Rosario, which had shorter versus longer intervals between both doses. A total of (1021) adults with no COVID-compatible symptoms (throughout the study period) were grouped according to the gap between both vaccine doses: 21 (Group A, n=528), 30 (Group B, n=147), and 70 days (Group C, n=82), as well as an additional group of individuals with heterologous vaccination (Sputnik/Moderna, separated by a 107-day interval, group D, n=264). Results and conclusions: While there were no between-group differences in baseline levels of specific antibodies, data collected several weeks after administering the second dose showed that group D had the highest amounts of specific antibodies, followed by values recorded in Groups C, B, and A. The same pattern of group differences was seen when measuring anti-S antibodies at 21 or 180 days after the first and second doses, respectively. Delayed between-dose intervals coexisted with higher antibody titers. This happened even more when using a prime-boost heterologous schedule.

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Introduction: This study describes the knowledge and perceptions regarding colorectal cancer screening (CRC) in a population of teachers from primary and secondary schools in Carcarañá, Santa Fe. The proportion of participants who underwent the screening is described, as well as the facilitating factors and barriers that could affect test adherence. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out through a self-administered survey of the population of teachers aged 50 or over from all primary and secondary schools in the city. Results: 96 teachers, 87 women (90.6%) and 9 men (9.4%) were surveyed. Average age: 53.2 ± 2.5 years. 66.7% knew about CRC screening. However, only 13.5% knew the recommended time to start performing these tests. 28.1% had adhered to some of the screening tests. 94.8% agreed that CRC has a greater chance of cure if it is discovered early, and 92.7% reported that screening is part of good health care. . Conclusion: The positive perception regarding screening is not consistent with adherence to screening. Lack of knowledge, lack of information and medical indication are the most important barriers to adherence. The main facilitating factor was the existence of a family history of CRC. New research that addresses this issue would be necessary in order to develop strategies aimed at modifying these barriers and reducing mortality from this neoplasm

Introducción: Este estudio describe los conocimientos y percepciones respecto del tamizaje del cáncer colorrectal (CCR) en una población de  docentes de escuelas primarias y secundarias de Carcarañá, Santa Fe. Se describe la proporción de participantes que se sometió a la realización del mismo, así como los factores facilitadores y las barreras que podrían afectar la adherencia a las pruebas. Métodos: Se realizó una estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal mediante una encuesta autoadministrada a la población de docentes de 50 años o más de todas las escuelas primarias y secundarias de la ciudad. Resultados: Se encuestaron 96 docentes, 87 mujeres (90,6%) y  9 hombres (9,4%). Edad promedio: 53,2 ± 2,5 años. El 66,7% tenía conocimiento acerca de la existencia del tamizaje de CCR. Sin embargo, sólo el 13,5% conocía cuál era el momento recomendado para iniciar la realización dichas pruebas. El 28,1% había adherido a alguna de las pruebas de tamizaje. El 94,8% acordó que el CCR tiene mayor posibilidad de curación si se descubre de manera temprana y el 92,7% refirió que el tamizaje es parte del buen cuidado de salud. Conclusión: La percepción positiva respecto del tamizaje no se condice con la adherencia al mismo. El desconocimiento, la falta de información y de indicación médica constituyen las barreras más importantes a la adherencia. El principal factor facilitador fue la existencia de antecedentes familiares de CCR. Serían necesarias nuevas investigaciones que aborden esta temática con el fin de elaborar estrategias dirigidas a modificar dichas barreras y disminuir la mortalidad por esta neoplasia.

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Con el objetivo de indagar sobre los hábitos alimentarios de los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), y compararlos con las Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina se llevó a cabo un estudio cuali-cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta y un recordatorio de 24 horas. La muestra quedó conformada por 140 alumnos. El consumo de alimentos declarado mostró que el 70% había consumido leche o yogur, el 56,4% frutas, el 79,3% verduras, el 75,7% carnes, el 62,1% cereales, el 20% huevos y el 25% fiambres. El 46,4% declaró haber utilizado azúcar y el 20% edulcorante. El 81,4% expresó haber consumido panificados blancos y sólo el 15,7% integrales. Los vegetales y el edulcorante fueron más consumidos por las mujeres y las carnes y los panificados blancos por los hombres. Respecto del hábito de desayunar fue importante el número de estudiantes que cumplió la recomendación de las Guías. El número de ingestas diarias recomendado (mínimo 4) lo cumplió el 77%. Sólo el 12,8% declaró consumir frutas y verduras tal como es recomendado (5 porciones al día). Respecto de los panificados, esta muestra no cumple la recomendación de seleccionar granos integrales.

The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary habits of the students at the School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Rosario (UNR), and to compare them with the Dietary Guidelines for the Argentinian population. We carried out a quantitative, descriptive, observational cross-sectional study using a 24- hour dietary recall questionnaire. The sample was made up of 140 students. The declared food consumption showed that 70% consumed milk or yogurt, 56.4% fruits, 79.3% vegetables, 75.7% meats, 62.1% cereals, 20% eggs and 25% cold cuts. Sugar consumption was reported by 46.4% of the students, and use of artificial sweeteners by 20% of them. Most students (81.4%) consumed white bread and only 15.7% whole wheat. While vegetables and sweeteners were more consumed by women, meat and white bread were more consumed by men. Many students met the recommendation for breakfast consumption. The recommended number of daily meals (minimum 4) was met by 77%. Only 12.8% reported eating fruits and vegetables as recommended (5 servings a day). Regarding breads, this sample does not meet the recommendation of selecting whole grains.

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BACKGROUND: The clinical value of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with thick melanoma is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between survival and lymph node status in thick melanomas. METHODS: Of a total of 736 melanoma patients registered between 2000 and 2016, 50 presented with thick melanomas (≥ 4.0 mm) without distant metastatic disease. All patients were examined with a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging, or computed tomography, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography depending on the incorporation of the new technology in our medical institutions. They were studied according to the following procedure: 1) preoperative determination of regional lymph node along with the estimation and localization of sentinel lymph node (SLN) (dynamic isotope lymphography); 2) intraoperative localization and SLNB (lymphatic mapping); and 3) histopathology. Patient and tumor features were collected. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 40 months, and 37% had a follow-up ≥ 5 years. A positive SLN was identified in 28 patients (56%). No significant difference in melanoma-specific overall survival was observed in terms of the primary tumor site. Hazard ratios (HRs) were statistically significant for SLNB-positive group and mitotic rate (MR) > 3 mm2, but not for presence of ulceration. Mortality risk in the SLN-positive group was almost fourfold greater than that in the SLN-negative group at any time of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: SLN status, along with MR, can provide valuable prognostic information in patients with thick primary cutaneous melanoma.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge, practices and attitudes regarding the screening of skin cancer, compared to the breast and cervix cancer. Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires was carried out among women in the city of Concordia, Entre Ríos. The sample consisted of 90 mothers or tutors from low (G1, n=32), middle (G2, n=29) and high (G3, n=29) socioeconomic status elementary schools students. Results. Mean age were 37,9±6,6, 38,0±6,9 and 43,1±5,6 years, respectively. The annual skin exam has been performed by dermatologist in 30.0% (G1), 30.8% (G2) and 51.7% (G3) of these women. The annual gynecological exam has been done by 46.4% (G1), 60.7% (G2) and 86.2% (G3). The existence of the skin cancer prevention campaign was known in 35,7%, 16% and 10,7% in G1, G2 and G3 respectively, but only 3,7% of G2, 3,7% of G3 and no women in G1 had ever participated in a campaign. Major conclusion. These data indicate the need to achieve effective strategies that allow improving the adherence of women to prevention campaigns, especially those for skin cancer prevention, where there is less participation when compared with breast and cervical cancer screening. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires was carried out among women in the city of Concordia, Entre Ríos. The sample consisted of 90 mothers or tutors from low (G1, n=32), middle (G2, n=29) and high (G3, n=29) socioeconomic status elementary schools students. Results. Mean age were 37,9±6,6, 38,0±6,9 and 43,1±5,6 years, respectively. The annual skin exam has been performed by dermatologist in 30.0% (G1), 30.8% (G2) and 51.7% (G3) of these women. The annual gynecological exam has been done by 46.4% (G1), 60.7% (G2) and 86.2% (G3). The existence of the skin cancer prevention campaign was known in 35,7%, 16% and 10,7% in G1, G2 and G3 respectively, but only 3,7% of G2, 3,7% of G3 and no women in G1 had ever participated in a campaign. Major conclusion. These data indicate the need to achieve effective strategies that allow improving the adherence of women to prevention campaigns, especially those for skin cancer prevention, where there is less participation when compared with breast and cervical cancer screening. Results: Mean age were 37,9±6,6, 38,0±6,9 and 43,1±5,6 years, respectively. The annual skin exam has been performed by dermatologist in 30.0% (G1), 30.8% (G2) and 51.7% (G3) of these women. The annual gynecological exam has been done by 46.4% (G1), 60.7% (G2) and 86.2% (G3). The existence of the skin cancer prevention campaign was known in 35,7%, 16% and 10,7% in G1, G2 and G3 respectively, but only 3,7% of G2, 3,7% of G3 and no women in G1 had ever participated in a campaign. Major conclusion. These data indicate the need to achieve effective strategies that allow improving the adherence of women to prevention campaigns, especially those for skin cancer prevention, where there is less participation when compared with breast and cervical cancer screening. Major conclusion: These data indicate the need to achieve effective strategies that allow improving the adherence of women to prevention campaigns, especially those for skin cancer prevention, where there is less participation when compared with breast and cervical cancer screening.

Introducción: En este estudio se describen los conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes en relación al cribado de cáncer de mama, cérvix y piel en una muestra de madres o tutoras de alumnos de sexto grado de establecimientos de educación primaria de la ciudad de Concordia, Entre Ríos. Métodos. Durante el año 2016 se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, mediante entrevistas y encuestas estructuradas a 90 mujeres mayores de 18 años, madres o tutoras de alumnos de tres escuelas de la ciudad de Concordia correspondientes a diferentes niveles socioeconómicos (bajo: G1, n=32), medio (G2, n=29) y alto (G3, n=29). Resultados. La edad promedio fue 37,9±6,6; 38±6,9 y 43,1±5,6 años, respectivamente. Las proporciones de mujeres que se realizaron controles periódicos de mama, cérvix y piel por médicos especialistas fueron mayores en el grupo de madres pertenecientes al nivel socioeconómico alto. El 35,7%, 16% y 10,7% de las mujeres del G1, G2 y G3 respectivamente, conocían las campañas de prevención de cáncer cutáneo; pero sólo participó en alguna de ellas el 3,7% del G2, 3,7% del G3 y ninguna del G1. Conclusión principal. Estos datos nos indican la necesidad de lograr estrategias que permitan mejorar la adhesión de las mujeres a las campañas de prevención. Métodos: Durante el año 2016 se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, mediante entrevistas y encuestas estructuradas a 90 mujeres mayores de 18 años, madres o tutoras de alumnos de tres escuelas de la ciudad de Concordia correspondientes a diferentes niveles socioeconómicos (bajo: G1, n=32), medio (G2, n=29) y alto (G3, n=29). Resultados. La edad promedio fue 37,9±6,6; 38±6,9 y 43,1±5,6 años, respectivamente. Las proporciones de mujeres que se realizaron controles periódicos de mama, cérvix y piel por médicos especialistas fueron mayores en el grupo de madres pertenecientes al nivel socioeconómico alto. El 35,7%, 16% y 10,7% de las mujeres del G1, G2 y G3 respectivamente, conocían las campañas de prevención de cáncer cutáneo; pero sólo participó en alguna de ellas el 3,7% del G2, 3,7% del G3 y ninguna del G1. Conclusión principal. Estos datos nos indican la necesidad de lograr estrategias que permitan mejorar la adhesión de las mujeres a las campañas de prevención. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 37,9±6,6; 38±6,9 y 43,1±5,6 años, respectivamente. Las proporciones de mujeres que se realizaron controles periódicos de mama, cérvix y piel por médicos especialistas fueron mayores en el grupo de madres pertenecientes al nivel socioeconómico alto. El 35,7%, 16% y 10,7% de las mujeres del G1, G2 y G3 respectivamente, conocían las campañas de prevención de cáncer cutáneo; pero sólo participó en alguna de ellas el 3,7% del G2, 3,7% del G3 y ninguna del G1. Conclusión principal: Estos datos nos indican la necesidad de lograr estrategias que permitan mejorar la adhesión de las mujeres a las campañas de prevención.

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Con el propósito de determinar la prevalencia de fracturas osteoporóticas en una población cerrada de Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS) correspondiente al Distrito Centro de la ciudad de Rosario, se realizó este estudio observacional transversal. Los datos se obtuvieron de las fichas clínicas de los pacientes correspondientes a los registrosdel consultorio de APS. Se determinó la prevalencia de las fracturas del esqueleto periférico y axial estratificadas poredad y sexo, y se exploró la asociación entre índice de masa corporal y fracturas en esta población y según sexo. Seobtuvo información de 898 pacientes; 662 mujeres (73,7%) y 236 varones (26,3%); la relación mujer/varón fuede 2,8/1. La edad promedio fue de 75 años, y similar en ambos sexos. Los varones habían perdido 4,3±2,9 cm detalla con respecto a su talla histórica (rango: 0-17 cm), y las mujeres 5,7±3,7 cm (rango: 0-19 cm)...

In order to determine the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures in a closed population of Primary Health Care (PHC)corresponding to the Downtown District of the city of Rosario, this cross-sectional observational study was performed. Data were obtained from patients’ clinical records corresponding to PHC office records. The prevalence of axial andperipheral skeletal fractures was determined and the association between fractures and age, sex and body mass index (BMI)was explored. Information was obtained from 898 patients; 662 women (73.7%) and 236 men (26.3%); The male/female ratio was 2.8/1. Mean age was 75 years, and similar in both sexes. Males had lost 4.3±2.9 cm in height withrespect to their historical height (range: 0-17 cm), and females 5.7±3.7 cm (range: 0-19 cm)...

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Identifying tumor biomarkers associated with clinical behavior in breast cancer patients may allow higher accuracy in the selection of treatment. Different types of cells were determined in the primary tumors of stage I, II, and III of breast cancer patients, who were assigned to one of the two groups: (1) disease-free or (2) relapsed/progressed, at 5 years after primary treatment. We studied 32 tumor samples. CD4+ lymphocytes and CD44+CD24-/low cells (cancer stem cells) showed a significant association with clinical outcome at 5 years of primary treatment, while CD8+, Foxp3+, CD34+, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells did not show any association. Coincident with the results of individual analysis, we identified CD4+ cells and CD44+CD24-/low cells as good predictors of long-term clinical outcome in a logistic regression.

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La enfermedad de Chagas es una infección parasitaria que afecta a 17 millones de personas en Latinoamérica. Es aún desconocida la real influencia del efecto del estado nutricional y la ingesta alimentaria sobre la evolución de la enfermedad hacia la miocardiopatía chagásica crónica, así como los factores de riesgo cardiovascular que pueden influir en la evolución de la patología. Con el objetivo de caracterizar la ingesta alimentaria y determinar el estado nutricional de las personas con enfermedad de Chagas, se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal de una muestra de pacientes atendidos en el servicio de cardiología del Hospital Centenario de Rosario. Se recolectaron datos sobre las características generales de la muestra, se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se entrevistó sobre el consumo de alimentos a través de un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo y un atlas fotográfico. Se reclutaron 113 paciente, de los cuales el 70% de los hombres y el 90 % de las mujeres presentaban sobrepeso u obesidad. Además el 78.9% de las mujeres y el 27% de los hombres, presento un Índice cintura/cadera de riesgo cardiovascular. En el análisis de la ingesta de macronutrientes se observa que se superan las recomendaciones del aporte de lípidos. Al analizar la ingesta de alimentos por grupos se encontró que los hombres consumen más carne vacuna magra, fiambres y embutidos, carne de cerdo y bebidas alcohólicas, en cambio las mujeres ingieren más lácteos enteros y bebidas azucaradas. Esta muestra urbana de pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas, presenta un perfil nutricional similar al de la población general, y el consumo alimentario se encuentra influenciado por la vida en las grandes ciudades(AU)

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection that affects 17 million people in Latin America. The real influence of nutritional status and food intake effect over the course of the disease to chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy is still unknown. Furthermore, some cardiovascular risk factors might influence the evolution of the disease. A cross-sectional study of a sample of patients with Chagas disease attending the Cardiology Section of the Hospital Centenario of Rosario was carried out in order to characterize their food intake and nutritional status. Data on the general characteristics of the sample was collected; anthropometric measurements were performed and food consumption was investigated using a food frequency questionnaire and a n photographic atlas. One hundred and thirteen patients were enrolled; 70% of men and 90% of women were overweight or obese. In addition 78.9% of women and 27% of men presented a waist-hip ratio according to cardiovascular risk. When analyzing macronutrient intake, it was observed that lipid intake recommendations were exceeded. When the food intake groups were analyzed separately, it was found that men consume more lean beef, cold cuts, pork and alcoholic drinks, while women eat more whole dairy products and sugary drinks. This patients´ urban sample with Chagas disease, he presents a nutritional profile similar to that of the general population, and the food consumption is influenced by life in big cities(AU)

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