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INTRODUCTION: We compare open pyeloplasty (OP) versus laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) in children in a multicenter, prospective, case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2007 to March 2009, a program was established at Hospital Garrahan, the reference center, to perform LP with a mentoring surgeon that would attend the institution once a month. Every new case of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) diagnosed in the reference institution was offered to participate in the study. If the patient was enrolled, it was scheduled for LP. The following patient diagnosed with UPJO was operated on with open technique and served as a case-control. In three other facilities, patients were only offered LP and had a matched control open case at the reference institution. The first end point of the study was patient recovery: analgesia requirement and length of hospitalization (LOH). The second end point of the study was resolution of UPJO in long-term follow-up for the two techniques. Demographic data, surgical time, perioperative complications, analgesia requirement, analgesia score during hospitalization, LOH, and outcome were recorded. Both groups received the same postoperative indications for pain control. Parents were asked to assess pain in their children every 4 h postoperatively and to complete a pain scale chart to which the nurses were blinded. RESULTS: Fifteen OP and 15 LP were compared. Groups were similar with regard to sex, age, weight, and laterality. Mean surgical time was longer in LP than in OP group (mean 188 versus 65 min) (p < 0.01). Hospitalization was shorter for LP group with a mean of 1.9 versus 2.5 days for OP group (p < 0.05). Postoperative analgesia requirement was significantly higher in the OP group with a mean use of morphine of 1.7 versus 0.06 mg/kg in the LP group (p < 0.05). Pain scores were similar in both the groups. At a mean follow-up of 58 months there were no failures. CONCLUSION: In this prospective comparative cohort, LP was a longer procedure than OP. Both procedures had the same efficacy and complication rates, but patients undergoing LP needed fewer narcotics for pain control and had a shorter hospitalization.

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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) most commonly due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common type of disorder of sex development. This review will focus on CAH addressing historical and current surgical techniques with their anatomical foundations, with special attention to long-term results and outcomes on sexual function, patient satisfaction, patient attitude toward surgery, and ongoing controversies in management of these patients.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence and type of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) diagnosed after a febrile UTI while they were on prophylactic antibiotics (PA) and after stopping PA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Criteria to discontinue PA were: no UTI during 12+ or more months on PA, old enough to communicate UTI symptoms, potty trained and absence of risk factors for UTI. Patients with at least 1 year of follow up without PA were included (n=77). We recorded: age at which PA was indicated and stopped, time on and off PA, incidence and type of UTI (cystitis vs acute pyelonephritis (APN)), and renal scan results. RESULTS: PA was started and stopped at a mean age of 18.5 and 61 months, respectively. Mean time on PA was 39 months (range 12-95): 25 patients had 44 UTI episodes (0.17 episodes/patient/year), and 31 (70%) of them were APN. Mean time of antibiotics was 44.5 months (range 12-162): 13 patients had 24 UTI episodes (0.08 episodes/patient/year), eight (33%) of which were APN (P<0.05). A renal scan was performed in 71 patients after the index infection and repeated in 12. Two patients lost renal function while still on PA. CONCLUSION: Discontinuing PA in patients with history of VUR is a safe practice and should be considered as a management option.

Assuntos

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Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is an infrequent entity; however, many cases have been reported during the last years. Its incidence falls between 1 per 25,000 and 1 per 50,000 live births and is associated with other congenital malformations in 17% to 33% of cases (mainly esophageal atresia). Congenital esophageal stenosis is defined as an intrinsic alteration of the esophageal wall given by the presence of ectopic tracheobronchial tissue, membranous diaphragm, muscular hypertrophy, or diffuse fibrosis of the submucosa, among other causes. The therapeutic options include endoscopic dilation and resection plus anastomosis (by either laparotomy or thoracotomy, depending on the level of the stenosis). We present the case of a 1-month-old baby boy with a CES located in the distal esophagus that is associated with anophthalmia and micropenis. We treated the lesion by means of a thoracoscopic resection of the affected segment and an esophageal end-to-end anastomosis. The patient's long-term outcome was uneventful. As far as we know, this is the first report on thoracoscopic resolution of a CES.

Assuntos

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During the last years, several thoracic and abdominal enteric duplications were resected in our institution by means of minimally invasive approaches [Rev Cir Infantil 1999;9(2):113-115]. Our last patient, however, had a giant thoraco-abdominal duodenal duplication, extending from the upper thoracic cavity to the pelvis, in a dumbbell fashion. Forty days after birth, a combined "thoraco-laparoscopy" was performed, achieving a complete resection of the cyst. The diaphragmatic defect was repaired as well. Recovery was uneventful. Based on this successful experience, we think that the thoraco-laparoscopic approach is suitable and reproducible for patients with these infrequent malformations, and even for patients with other kinds of thoraco-abdominal lesions. The purpose of this report was to describe the minimally invasive strategy used to approach the thorax and the abdomen in a single-stage procedure.

Assuntos