RESUMO
In the COVID-19 context, traits associated with antisociality can decrease concern and awareness about the potential harmfulness of the virus. This study investigated associations of pathological traits of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with behaviours and beliefs linked to COVID-19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 2230 Brazilian adults who answered ASPD-related facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and a questionnaire regarding adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. We applied the DSM-5 ASPD criteria to divide the sample into antisocial and non-antisocial groups. Our findings suggest that individuals meeting the criteria for ASPD tend to exhibit reduced compliance with pandemic control measures and lower adherence to hygiene practices. Moreover, sex, income, and age should be considered potential covariates in research investigating the relationship between antisocial traits and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Altogether, our findings highlight ASPD traits' role in the predisposition to lack of prosocial behaviours of adherence to COVID-19 containment measures.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Brasil/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , SARS-CoV-2 , Inquéritos e Questionários , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adolescente , IdosoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders (IIP-PD-47) has a controversial factor structure, as some studies have provided support for 5 correlated factors, and others have suggested the existence of a general second-order dimension. One approach of data modelling that reconciles multidimensionality and the existence of a general factor is the bifactor analysis. We used unrestricted exploratory-confirmatory bifactor modelling to validate the Brazilian version of the IIP-PD-47. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,091 subjects aged 18-64 years who answered the IIP-PD-47 and a collateral measure of pathological traits, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). RESULTS: After testing many candidate models, our data were best represented by a bifactor model with one general factor and five specific uncorrelated factors. Nevertheless, a closer inspection of the discriminant validity of each IIP-PD-47 factor revealed strong support for the general factor and a factor capturing aggressive behaviours, but less support for the additional four specific factors. CONCLUSIONS: The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and some recommendations are offered about the need for controlling response styles when assessing PD traits via self-report inventories. Our findings indicate that the Brazilian version of IIP-PD has promising psychometric properties.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade , Humanos , Brasil , Inventário de Personalidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Psicometria/métodosRESUMO
Objective: The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders (IIP-PD-47) has a controversial factor structure, as some studies have provided support for 5 correlated factors, and others have suggested the existence of a general second-order dimension. One approach of data modelling that reconciles multidimensionality and the existence of a general factor is the bifactor analysis. We used unrestricted exploratory-confirmatory bifactor modelling to validate the Brazilian version of the IIP-PD-47. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,091 subjects aged 18-64 years who answered the IIP-PD-47 and a collateral measure of pathological traits, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). Results: After testing many candidate models, our data were best represented by a bifactor model with one general factor and five specific uncorrelated factors. Nevertheless, a closer inspection of the discriminant validity of each IIP-PD-47 factor revealed strong support for the general factor and a factor capturing aggressive behaviours, but less support for the additional four specific factors. Conclusions: The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and some recommendations are offered about the need for controlling response styles when assessing PD traits via self-report inventories. Our findings indicate that the Brazilian version of IIP-PD has promising psychometric properties.
Objetivo: El Inventario de Problemas Interpersonales-Trastornos de la Personalidad (IIP-PD-47) tiene una estructura factorial controvertida, ya que algunos estudios han apoyado 5 factores correlacionados y otros han senË alado la existencia de una dimensión general de segundo orden. Un enfoque del modelado de datos que concilia la multidimensionalidad y la existencia de un factor general es el análisis de bifactores. Para validar la versión brasileña del IIP-PD-47, se utilizó un modelo bifactorial confirmatorio exploratorio sin restricciones. Métodos: La muestra incluyó a 1.091 sujetos de 18 a 64 anos que respondieron al IIP-PD-47 y una medida colateral de rasgos patológicos, el Inventario de Personalidad Clínica Dimensional 2 (IDCP-2). Resultados: Después de probar muchos modelos candidatos, nuestros datos se representaron mejor mediante un modelo bifactorial con 1 factor general y 5 factores específicos no correlacionados. Sin embargo, una inspección más cercana de la validez discriminante de cada factor IIP-PD-47 reveló un fuerte respaldo del factor general y un factor que capta comportamientos agresivos, pero menos respaldo a los 4 factores específicos adicionales. Conclusiones: Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de estos hallazgos y se ofrecen algunas recomendaciones sobre la necesidad de controlar los estilos de respuesta al evaluar los rasgos de la EP a través de inventarios de autoaplicados. Nuestros hallazgos indican que la versión brasileña de IIP-PD tiene propiedades psicométricas prometedoras.
RESUMO
Building on the comparative nonpatient study of Pianowski et al., we examine data from the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) and Comprehensive System (CS) in 100 nonpatients and 100 patients, 50 of each per system. Replicating their results but now in a patient sample, R-PAS produced more patient protocols having an optimal number of responses (R) for interpretation and eliminated the need for readministration due to low R. The R-PAS protocols were also much less variable in R, despite having about 2.5 more responses. Extending their results, we document that the primary markers of psychopathology in each system validly differentiate patients from nonpatients. However, R-PAS produced stronger effects. Finally, Complexity added to the valid discrimination of patients from nonpatients just for R-PAS, with patients producing less complex and rich records. The more erratic variability in R for the CS produced larger Complexity standard deviations (SDs) that obscured these genuine differences in people. We discuss implications for research and applied practice, along with directions for future research.
Assuntos
Teste de Rorschach , Humanos , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Psicopatologia , PacientesRESUMO
Personality traits play a role in prosocial behavior in relation to containment measures intended to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical findings indicated that individuals high in socially aversive traits such as callousness are less compliant with containment measures. This study aimed to add cross-cultural data on the relationship between antisocial traits and adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 4,538 adults recruited by convenience in nine countries (Australia, Brazil, England, Iraq, Iran, Italy, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the United States). Statistical analyses indicated two latent profiles from our sample, empathic and antisocial, and six COVID-19 containment-measure-related factors using measures covering antisocial traits (PID-5), empathy (ACME), global personality pathology (LPFS-BF), and COVID-19 behaviors and beliefs. Through MANCOVA, the antisocial profile consistently showed less compliance and concern about the COVID-19 containment measures, even when controlling for demographics and local pandemic covariables. The network analysis indicated a lack of empathy and callousness as crucial traits of the predisposition to non-compliant behavior. In elaborating on prosocial campaigns in community emergencies, our cross-cultural findings would need to consider personality traits that focus on antisociality, anticipating similar associations and potential impacts in future disease outbreaks.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adulto , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Comparação Transcultural , Personalidade , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
Objective: Previous publications have focused on a leading pop culture phenomenon, Star Wars, to teach several issues in psychiatry, which can make understanding challenging themes easier. This article delves into matters of differential diagnoses regarding two psychiatric disorders. Methods: We examine and compare the symptoms and specificities of borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder in the light of the fictional villain of the films, Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker. Results and Conclusion: Our considerations of his diagnosis should be interpreted as an academic exercise with two main goals: to discuss the differential diagnosis between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder in an illustrative, soft, and ludic way; and to teach how to connect one's behaviors with diagnostic criteria - in this case, those related to borderline personality disorder.
Objetivo: Publicações de outrora utilizaram um dos principais fenômenos da cultura pop, Star Wars, para ensinar diversas questões sobre psiquiatria, demonstrando que usar os filmes da série para ensinar tais assuntos pode facilitar a compreensão de temas desafiadores. O objetivo deste artigo é aprofundar as questões do diagnóstico diferencial de dois transtornos psiquiátricos. Métodos: Nós examinamos e comparamos as especificidades do transtorno de personalidade borderline e transtorno bipolar à luz do personagem fictício dos filmes Star Wars, o vilão Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker. Resultados e Conclusão: As considerações sobre o diagnóstico de Darth Vader devem ser interpretadas como um exercício acadêmico com dois objetivos principais: discutir o diagnóstico diferencial entre transtorno de personalidade borderline e transtorno bipolar de forma ilustrativa, suave e lúdica; e ensinar como relacionar os comportamentos com critérios diagnósticos, neste caso, especificamente relacionados ao transtorno de personalidade borderline.
Assuntos
Ensino , Transtorno Bipolar , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais , Filmes CinematográficosRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the discriminative capacity of IDCP-2 factors to identify people with suicide risk. Moreover, we are providing a suicide indicator for IDCP-2. Participated 346 people aged between 18 and 72 years who responded to ASIQ, IDCP-2, and PID-5. We divided participants into three groups: low-risk group, moderate-risk, and high-risk group. We conducted mean comparisons, linear regression analysis, and ROC curve verification. The IDCP-2 factors were able to discriminate between the groups, with the high-risk presenting the highest means. The regression indicated Self-devaluation and Hopelessness as variables with a significant single contribution in explaining suicidal behavior. Suicide risk indicators demonstrated adequate performance in identifying people according to the risk group. Our findings indicate that the IDCP-2 factors can discriminate groups of people according to suicidal behavior. Besides, the suicide indicator developed showed sensitivity in the identification of people who reported attempted suicide.
Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la capacidad discriminativa de los factores IDCP-2 para identificar a las per-sonas con riesgo de suicidio. Además, estamos proporcionando un indicador de suicidio para IDCP-2. Participaron 346 personas de entre 18 y 72 anos que respondieron a ASIQ, IDCP-2 y PID-5. Dividimos a los participantes en tres grupos: grupo de bajo riesgo, grupo de riesgo moderado y grupo de alto riesgo. Realizamos comparaciones de medias, análisis de regresión lineal y verificación de curva ROC. Los factores IDCP-2 pudieron discriminar entre los grupos, y el alto riesgo presentò los medios más altos. La regresión indicò autodevaluación y desesperanza como variables con una contribución única significativa en la explicaciòn del comportamiento suicida. Los indicadores de riesgo de suicidio demostraron un rendimiento adecuado en la identificaciòn de personas según el grupo de riesgo. Nuestros hallazgos indican que los factores IDCP-2 pueden discriminar grupos de personas de acuerdo con el comportamiento suicida. Además, el indicador de suicidio desarrollado mostrò sensibilidad en la identificaciòn de personas que informaron intento de suicidio.
RESUMO
In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Three weeks after WHO's declaration, almost 900,000 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed, with more than 43,000 deaths worldwide. Containment measures were recommended, such as social distancing and hand hygiene. Although they are known to be helpful to slow down the spread of the COVID-19, the efficiency of these measures depends on people's adherence. We explore whether personality traits account for variations in the commitment to the COVID-19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 814 Brazilian adults who answered a questionnaire about adherence to COVID-19 containment measures (COVID-19 questionnaire), factors of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and the affective resonance factor of the Affective and Cognitive Measure of Empathy (ACME). We conducted a network analysis. All connections observed in the network analysis were significant (p < .05). Empathy was the personality trait to present more connections to the COVID-19 questionnaire variables. The strongest positive connection was observed for emotional lability (PID-5) and the tendency to be concern about others getting the COVID-19 (COVID-19 questionnaire). Our findings indicated that empathy and emotional lability might be key traits directly associated with the propensity to adhere to the COVID-19 containment measures.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Empatia , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Personality disorders (PDs) are characterized by impairments in the self and interpersonal relationships. People diagnosed with PD present distress in several areas of life. The prevalence of these disorders is 13% in Western countries and around 7% in Brazil. Despite the adverse outcomes related to PDs and their prevalence, these disorders tend to be undertreated in Brazil. One possible explanation is the lack of assessment scales to measure PDs` typical traits. To fill this gap and improves mental health care in Brazil, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2) was developed, an assessment tool that follows international guidelines and considersthe Brazilian reality. This paper aimed to present the main characteristics of IDCP-2, including its antecedents, development, theoretical and empirical foundations, as well as definitions of its 12 dimensions distributed in 47 factors. We discussed ongoing clinical research, limitations, and future improvements of the IDCP-2. Although IDCP-2 helps fulfill the gap regarding PDs assessment in Brazil, actions for the continuity of research focused on the PDs traits assessmentare more than desirable, necessary for the mental health research area advance in the country.
Os transtornos da personalidade (TPs) são caracterizados por prejuízos no self e nas relações interpessoais. Pessoas diagnosticadas com TP apresentam angústia nas diversas áreas da vida. A prevalência desses transtornos é de 13% em países ocidentais e aproximadamente 7% no Brasil. Apesar de os desfechos negativos relacionados com TPs e da sua prevalência, esses transtornos tendem a ser subtratados no Brasil. Uma possível explicação é a falta de escalas avaliativas para mensurar os traços típicos dos TPs. Para preencher essa lacuna e incrementar os cuidados de saúde mental no Brasil, o Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2) foi desenvolvido, uma ferramenta avaliativa de acordo com as diretrizes internacionais e considerando a realidade brasileira. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais características do IDCP-2, seus antecedentes, desenvolvimento, fundações teórica e empírica, e também as definições de suas 12 dimensões e os 47 fatores nas quais se subdividem. Nós apresentamos uma discussão das pesquisas clínicas em andamento, limitações e aprimoramentos futuros do IDCP-2. Embora o IDCP-2 auxilie no preenchimento da lacuna acerca da avaliação dos TPs no Brasil, esforços para a continuidade de pesquisas focando na avaliação dos traços de TPs são algo mais que desejável, são necessários para o avanço das pesquisas em saúde mental no país.
RESUMO
Schizotypal personality disorder (STPD) is characterized by difficulties in intimate relationships, social and interpersonal deficits, and perceptual distortions. Encompassing this personality disorder and other mental conditions, the Hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) is an evidence-based, dimensional model covering pathological traits in its lower range. This study aimed to develop a self-report scale for screening pathological traits of STPD from the perspective of the HiTOP. The sample consisted of 474 Brazilian adults aged 18-70 years who answered the developed scale, the IDCP-STPD, facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and factors of the Computerized Adaptive Assessment of Personality Disorder Static Form (CAT-PD-SF). The scale was composed of 73 items distributed in two factors. Internal structure reliability was higher than 0.80 for all scores of the scale. The factors showed associations with the expected external measures, and the groups based on the STPD external measures (healthy and pathological) showed big to huge differences. Although initial, our findings suggested the IDCP-STPD as a helpful measure to the clinical context to screen the STPD pathological traits. Moreover, the structure observed for the IDCP-STPD confirms the spectrum level of the HiTOP.