RESUMO
Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the renal collecting system. Advent of ultrasonographic examination allows observe small dilatations in the structures, to carry out precise measurements and the monitoring of the evolution of the alterations. A schnauzer bitch was reffered to the imaging department of VETCLINIC Veterinary Hospital 24 hours. On the ultrasonographic examination, it was possible to visualize the right kidney had an unassembled cortical-medullary relationship, with only the renal capsule and hyperechogenic lines extending to the center (interdiverticular septa) and large. A tubular image located caudally to the right kidney was visualized. The patient was then submitted to exploratory laparotomy where it was possible to verify that the kidney was softened, enlarged, and dilated ureter. Total nephrectomy of the organ was then chosen, where it was then evaluated and incised in a sagittalsection, where it was possible to observe a large renal pelvis dilatation and renal tissue atrophy.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Hidronefrose/cirurgia , Hidronefrose/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidronefrose/veterinária , Obstrução Ureteral/cirurgia , Obstrução Ureteral/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução Ureteral/veterinária , Dilatação Patológica/veterinária , Nefrectomia/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the renal collecting system. Advent of ultrasonographic examination allows observe small dilatations in the structures, to carry out precise measurements and the monitoring of the evolution of the alterations. A schnauzer bitch was reffered to the imaging department of VETCLINIC Veterinary Hospital 24 hours. On the ultrasonographic examination, it was possible to visualize the right kidney had an unassembled cortical-medullary relationship, with only the renal capsule and hyperechogenic lines extending to the center (interdiverticular septa) and large. A tubular image located caudally to the right kidney was visualized. The patient was then submitted to exploratory laparotomy where it was possible to verify that the kidney was softened, enlarged, and dilated ureter. Total nephrectomy of the organ was then chosen, where it was then evaluated and incised in a sagittalsection, where it was possible to observe a large renal pelvis dilatation and renal tissue atrophy.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Hidronefrose/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidronefrose/cirurgia , Hidronefrose/veterinária , Obstrução Ureteral/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução Ureteral/veterinária , Obstrução Ureteral/cirurgia , Nefrectomia/veterinária , Dilatação Patológica/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: The ovarian function is coordinated by many growth factors and hormones responsible for ensuring the success of follicular and oocyte development. To obtain competent oocytes is necessary to have a perfect interaction between follicular somatic cells and the oocyte, which is potentially regulated by paracrine factors produced in the ovary. Among these factors, we highlight the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and Kit ligand (KL). This review summarizes the main aspects of molecular structure of IGF-I and KL and their receptors, the mechanisms of action and expression of these substances, as well as their role on ovarian function.Review: The IGF-I is a peptide structurally similar to proinsulin, and is part of IGF-I system. This system comprises two receptors with their respective ligands and six high-affinity IGF binding proteins. Its action is mediated by binding to its specific receptor tyrosine kinase (IGFR-I), that initiates the activation of PI3K and /or MAPK pathway. In ovary, this growth factor was observed in different compartment of follicle (granulosa cells, theca cells and oocyte). IGF-I is the main cell survival factor in the ovary, it protects cell from apoptosis promoted by several agents. Activation of the IGF-I receptor is a particularly important survival-promoting signal during follicular development. The involvement of IGF-I in the early stage...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ovário/fisiologia , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Fator de Células-Tronco , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , MamíferosRESUMO
Background: The ovarian function is coordinated by many growth factors and hormones responsible for ensuring the success of follicular and oocyte development. To obtain competent oocytes is necessary to have a perfect interaction between follicular somatic cells and the oocyte, which is potentially regulated by paracrine factors produced in the ovary. Among these factors, we highlight the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and Kit ligand (KL). This review summarizes the main aspects of molecular structure of IGF-I and KL and their receptors, the mechanisms of action and expression of these substances, as well as their role on ovarian function.Review: The IGF-I is a peptide structurally similar to proinsulin, and is part of IGF-I system. This system comprises two receptors with their respective ligands and six high-affinity IGF binding proteins. Its action is mediated by binding to its specific receptor tyrosine kinase (IGFR-I), that initiates the activation of PI3K and /or MAPK pathway. In ovary, this growth factor was observed in different compartment of follicle (granulosa cells, theca cells and oocyte). IGF-I is the main cell survival factor in the ovary, it protects cell from apoptosis promoted by several agents. Activation of the IGF-I receptor is a particularly important survival-promoting signal during follicular development. The involvement of IGF-I in the early stage...