RESUMO

Para ser a primeira opção em um plano de tratamento, a terapia com implantes deve atender requisitos funcionais e estéticos. A técnica de instalação de implantes imediatos tem sido indicada devido à diminuição do tempo de tratamento, o que traz benefícios para o paciente. Antes de avaliar a viabilidade do implante, é essencial o conhecimento da indicação para uma adequada instalação em área infectada. Áreas de infecção periodontal subaguda, infecção perio-endo, infecção periodontal crônica, lesão periapical crônica e cisto periodontal só devem receber implantes imediatos desde que medidas pré, pós e durante o procedimento cirúrgico sejam tomadas. O presente artigo relata um caso de instalação de implante imediato em alvéolo infectado com a utilização de enxerto autólogo com 18 meses de acompanhamento (AU).

To be the first choice in a treatment planning, implant therapy must join both functional and aesthetic requirements. Implant installation technique has been indicated due to the reduction of time treatment, which brings benefits to the patient. Before evaluating the viability of the implant, it is essential to know the proper indication of the immediate implant installation in an infected area. Areas of subacute periodontal infection, endo-perio lesion, chronic periodontal infection, chronic periapical lesion, and periodontal cyst should only receive immediate implants provided that measures are taken pre, post, and during surgical procedures. The present article reports 18 months follow up after the installation of an immediate implant in infected socket associated to autologous graft (AU).

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Abstract tHistory of chronic periodontitis (CP) is a risk factor for oseointegration failure. The osteoclastogenesis system (RANK, RANKL and OPG) is critical for bone homeostatic control. We investigated the levels of OPG and RANKL in peri-implant tissues from volunteers with and without a history of CP and their association with mucosae inflammation. This is a single-blind case-contro study. Diagnosis of a history of CP and peri-implant examination was performed on 46 volunteers, divided into control (without history of CP, n=26) and CP group (with history of CP, n=20). Gingival biopsies were harvested during implant exposure. Quantitative PCR evaluated OPG/RANKL mRNA expressions. OPG and RANKL proteins were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry assay. The chi-square test analyzed the significance of nominal variables between groups while continuous variables were analyzed by T-test or Mann-Whitney test, after Shapiro-Wilk test evaluation. The 2-ΔΔCT Livak method calculation evaluated the gene expression. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Volunteers with CP history had 23 times higher chance of developing mucosae inflammation. High mucosae levels of RANKL (p=0.04) and RANKL/OPG (p=0.001) mRNA expressions were observed in CP group. CP volunteers showed increased RANKL protein levels in opposition to decreased OPG expression. Even without active periodontitis, volunteers with a history of CP had elevated gingival levels of RANKL/OPG and higher correlation with peri-implant mucosae inflammation and implant loss.

Resumo A história de periodontite crônica (CP) é um fator de risco para falhas na osseointegração. O sistema de osteoclastogênese (RANK, RANKL e OPG) é crucial para o controle da homeostase óssea. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os níveis de OPG e RANKL no tecido peri-implantar de voluntários com e sem histórico de CP e sua associação com inflamação da mucosa. Este é um estudo tipo caso-controle. O exame para diagnóstico de CP e na região peri-implantar foi realizado em 46 voluntários, divididos em controle (sem história CP, n=26) e grupo CP (com histórico de CP, n=20). Descartes gengivais foram obtidos durante a exposição do implante. PCR quantitativo avaliou a expressão do RNAm de OPG/RANKL. As proteínas OPG e RANKL foram analisadas por western blot e imunohistoquímica. O teste do qui-quadrado analisou a significância entre as variáveis nominais enquanto as variáveis contínuas foram analisadas pelo teste-t e Mann-Whitney, após o teste de Shapiro-wilk. O método do Livak 2--ΔΔCT avaliou a expressão gênica. Os voluntários com CP apresentaram 23 vezes mais chances de desenvolver inflamação da mucosa. Expressão elevada no RNAm de RANKL (p=0.04) e RANKL/OPG (p=0.001) foram observadas no grupo CP. Voluntários com CP mostraram aumento dos níveis da proteína RANKL em contraste com diminuída expressão de OPG. Mesmo sem periodontite ativa, voluntários com histórico de CP apresentaram elevado nível gengival de RANKL/OPG e alta correlação com inflamação peri-implantar e perda do implante.

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RESUMO

tHistory of chronic periodontitis (CP) is a risk factor for oseointegration failure. The osteoclastogenesis system (RANK, RANKL and OPG) is critical for bone homeostatic control. We investigated the levels of OPG and RANKL in peri-implant tissues from volunteers with and without a history of CP and their association with mucosae inflammation. This is a single-blind case-contro study. Diagnosis of a history of CP and peri-implant examination was performed on 46 volunteers, divided into control (without history of CP, n=26) and CP group (with history of CP, n=20). Gingival biopsies were harvested during implant exposure. Quantitative PCR evaluated OPG/RANKL mRNA expressions. OPG and RANKL proteins were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry assay. The chi-square test analyzed the significance of nominal variables between groups while continuous variables were analyzed by T-test or Mann-Whitney test, after Shapiro-Wilk test evaluation. The 2-ΔΔCT Livak method calculation evaluated the gene expression. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Volunteers with CP history had 23 times higher chance of developing mucosae inflammation. High mucosae levels of RANKL (p=0.04) and RANKL/OPG (p=0.001) mRNA expressions were observed in CP group. CP volunteers showed increased RANKL protein levels in opposition to decreased OPG expression. Even without active periodontitis, volunteers with a history of CP had elevated gingival levels of RANKL/OPG and higher correlation with peri-implant mucosae inflammation and implant loss.

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Despite the success of osseointegrated implants, failures have increased significantly, associated with development of peri-implantitis. Multiple factors influence the peri-implant bone loss, including environmental and genetic causes. BMPs (Bone morphogenetic proteins) are growth factors that induce bone formation. FGF (fibroblast growth factors) and their receptors (FGFRs) play important roles by controlling the levels of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. BMP/FGF relationship is responsible for promoting bone regeneration and bone loss. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between BMP4, FGF3, FGF10 and FGFR1 genes and peri-implant bone loss. Two hundred and fifteen volunteers, with 754 dental implants, were submitted to oral examination and divided in healthy group (n=129) and peri-implantitis group (n=86). Thirteen polymorphisms in BMP4, FGF3, FGF10 and FGFR1 genes were analyzed individually and in haplotype. The chi-square test correlated genotypes, allelic and haplotype frequencies. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. Volunteers with peri-implantitis demonstrated high incidence of total edentulism (p<0.0001) and thin peri-implant phenotype (p<0.04). Higher incidence of spontaneous bleeding, plaque and implant mobility was observed in peri-implantitis group (p<0.0001 for all). The TT polymorphic genotype for BMP4 rs2761884 was associated with healthy peri-implant (p=0.01). FGF3 rs4631909 (TT+CT genotype) also showed association with the control group (p=0.04). The frequency of C allele for FGF3 rs4631909 showed a tendency for association with peri-implantitis (p=0.08). FGF10 CCTG (p=0.03), BMP4 GAAA (p=0.05) and GGGA (p=0.02) haplotypes were associated with peri-implantitis (p=0.03). Therefore, it may be concluded that BMP4 and FGF10 haplotypes are associated with peri-implantitis.

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Abstract Despite the success of osseointegrated implants, failures have increased significantly, associated with development of peri-implantitis. Multiple factors influence the peri-implant bone loss, including environmental and genetic causes. BMPs (Bone morphogenetic proteins) are growth factors that induce bone formation. FGF (fibroblast growth factors) and their receptors (FGFRs) play important roles by controlling the levels of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. BMP/FGF relationship is responsible for promoting bone regeneration and bone loss. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between BMP4, FGF3, FGF10 and FGFR1 genes and peri-implant bone loss. Two hundred and fifteen volunteers, with 754 dental implants, were submitted to oral examination and divided in healthy group (n=129) and peri-implantitis group (n=86). Thirteen polymorphisms in BMP4, FGF3, FGF10 and FGFR1 genes were analyzed individually and in haplotype. The chi-square test correlated genotypes, allelic and haplotype frequencies. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. Volunteers with peri-implantitis demonstrated high incidence of total edentulism (p<0.0001) and thin peri-implant phenotype (p<0.04). Higher incidence of spontaneous bleeding, plaque and implant mobility was observed in peri-implantitis group (p<0.0001 for all). The TT polymorphic genotype for BMP4 rs2761884 was associated with healthy peri-implant (p=0.01). FGF3 rs4631909 (TT+CT genotype) also showed association with the control group (p=0.04). The frequency of C allele for FGF3 rs4631909 showed a tendency for association with peri-implantitis (p=0.08). FGF10 CCTG (p=0.03), BMP4 GAAA (p=0.05) and GGGA (p=0.02) haplotypes were associated with peri-implantitis (p=0.03). Therefore, it may be concluded that BMP4 and FGF10 haplotypes are associated with peri-implantitis.

Resumo Apesar do alto índice de sucesso em implantodontia, falhas tem aumentado drasticamente, estando associadas ao desenvolvimento de peri-implantite. A perda óssea peri-implantar é influenciada por múltiplos fatores, incluindo causas genéticas e ambientais. As BMPs (proteínas ósseas morfogenéticas) são fatores de crescimento indutores da formação óssea. Os FGFs (fatores de crescimento dos fibroblastos) e seus receptores (FGFRs) desenvolvem importante função na proliferação, diferenciação e migração celular. A relação BMP/FGF é responsável pela regeneração e perda óssea. O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a possível correlação entre os genes BMP4, FGF3, FGF10 e FGFR1 e a perda óssea peri-implantar. Duzentos e quinze voluntários, com 754 implantes, foram submetidos ao exame oral e divididos em grupo saúde (n=129) e peri-implantite (n=86). Treze polimorfismos nos genes BMP4, FGF3, FGF10 e FGFR1 foram analisados individualmente e como haplótipos. O teste do qui-quadrado correlacionou as frequências dos genótipos, alelos e haplótipos. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. Voluntários com peri-implantite mostraram alta incidência de edentulismo total (p<0,0001) e biotipo periodontal fino (p<0,04). Sangramento espontâneo, placa e mobilidade do implante foram altamente incidentes no grupo peri-implantite (p<0,0001). O genótipo polimórfico TT para BMP4 rs2761884 foi associado com saúde peri-implantar (p=0,01). FGF3 rs4631909 (genótipos TT+CT) mostraram associação com o grupo controle (p=0,04). A frequência do alelo C para FGF3 rs4631909 mostrou uma tendência de associação com peri-implantite (p=0,08). Os haplótipos FGF10 CCTG (p=0,03), BMP4 GAAA (p=0,05) e GGGA (p=0,02) foram associados com peri-implantite (p=0,03). Sendo assim, conclui-se que os haplótipos BMP4 e FGF10 estão associados com peri-implantite.

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Subjects susceptible to chronic periodontitis (CP) show a high risk for the development of periimplantitis (PI). Both diseases are multifactorial, presenting similarities in their pathophysiology and polygenic profile. MMP-13 (matrix metalloproteinases 13/ collagenase 3) is a collagenolytic enzyme, which expression is induced by TGF beta 3 (transforming growth factor type 3) in human gingival fibroblasts and inhibited by TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 2). The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of periimplantitis (PI) in subjects with history of chronic periodontitis (CP) and polymorphisms frequency in MMP13, TIMP2 and TGFB3 genes. One hundred and sixty-three volunteers received dental implant placement were submitted to oral and radiographic examination in order to identify past history of CP or presence of PI. Volunteers were divided into 4 groups: Control (without PI and CP, n=72), CP (with CP and without PI, n=28), PI (with PI and without CP, n=28) and diseased (with CP and PI, n=35). The chi-square test correlated genotypes in specific regions of MMP13 (rs2252070), TIMP2 (rs7501477) and TGFB3 (rs2268626) genes, considering the interaction between CP and PI. The results showed that volunteers with CP had 3.2 times more susceptibility to develop PI (p=0.0004) compared to those without CP. No significant association was observed in MMP13, TIMP2 and TGFB3 genes with CP or PI. CP is a risk factor to develop PI, however, there is no association of both diseases with polymorphisms in the MMP13, TIMP2 and TGFB3 genes.

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Abstract Subjects susceptible to chronic periodontitis (CP) show a high risk for the development of peiimplantitis (PI). Both diseases are multifactorial, presenting similarities in their pathophysiology and polygenic profile. MMP-13 (matrix metalloproteinases 13/ collagenase 3) is a collagenolytic enzyme, which expression is induced by TGF beta 3 (transforming growth factor type 3) in human gingival fibroblasts and inhibited by TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 2). The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of peiimplantitis (PI) in subjects with history of chronic periodontitis (CP) and polymorphisms frequency in MMP13, TIMP2 and TGFB3 genes. One hundred and sixty-three volunteers received dental implant placement were submitted to oral and radiographic examination in order to identify past history of CP or presence of PI. Volunteers were divided into 4 groups: Control (without PI and CP, n=72), CP (with CP and without PI, n=28), PI (with PI and without CP, n=28) and diseased (with CP and PI, n=35). The chi-square test correlated genotypes in specific regions of MMP13 (rs2252070), TIMP2 (rs7501477) and TGFB3 (rs2268626) genes, considering the interaction between CP and PI. The results showed that volunteers with CP had 3.2 times more susceptibility to develop PI (p=0.0004) compared to those without CP. No significant association was observed in MMP13, TIMP2 and TGFB3 genes with CP or PI. CP is a risk factor to develop PI, however, there is no association of both diseases with polymorphisms in the MMP13, TIMP2 and TGFB3 genes.

Resumo Indivíduos susceptíveis à periodontite crônica (CP) apresentam alto risco para o desenvolvimento de periimplantite (PI). Ambas doenças são multifatoriais e apresentam similaridades na patofisiologia e perfil poligênico. A MMP-13 (metaloproteinase da matriz tipo 13) é uma enzima colagenolítica cuja expressão é induzida por TGF beta 3 (fator transformador do crescimento tipo 3) nos fibroblastos gengivais humanos e inibida por TIMP-2 (inibidor tecidual de metaloproteinase tipo 2). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de periimplantite em sujeitos com periodontite crônica e a frequência dos polimorfismos nos genes MMP13, TIMP2 e TGFB3. Cento e sessenta e três voluntários submetidos à instalação de implantes endósseos foram analisados clínica e radiograficamente quanto à presença de histórico de CP e PI, sendo divididos em 4 grupos: Controle (sem história de CP e PI, n=72), CP (com CP e sem PI, n=28), PI (com PI e sem CP, n=28) e Doentes (com CP e PI, n=35). O teste do qui-quadrado correlacionou os genótipos nas regiões dos genes MMP13 (rs2252070), TIMP2 (rs7501477) e TGFB3 (rs2268626), considerando a interação entre CP e PI. Os resultados mostraram que voluntários com CP possuem 3.2 vezes mais chances de desenvolver PI (p=0.0004) comparados aos sem CP. Nenhuma associação significativa foi observada entre os genes MMP13, TIMP2 e TGFB3 e CP ou PI. A CP é um fator de risco ao desenvolvimento de PI, no entanto, não há associação entre ambas as doenças com polimorfismos nos genes MMP13, TIMP2 e TGFB3.

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Diversos estudos têm demonstrado que indivíduos com susceptibilidade genética à doença peri-implantar podem apresentar maior risco de perda do implante dentário. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar os aspectos clínicos e radiográficos no tecido peri-implantar, apresentando condições saudáveis e doentes, com o polimorfismo genético da interleucina-10 (IL-10). Material e métodos: 109 pacientes foram divididos em três grupos. O grupo controle foi caracterizado pela saúde peri-implantar (n=51). Os grupos teste foram divididos em mucosite (n=21; indivíduos com inflamação da mucosa peri-implantar) e peri-implantite (n = 37; perda óssea patológica peri-implantar). Os tecidos peri-implantares foram examinados clinicamente considerando o sangramento à sondagem, a cor da mucosa e a mobilidade do implante. Amostras de saliva foram coletadas para análise do polimorfismo genético da IL-10, na região promotora 592, utilizando a enzima de restrição Rsal. Resultados: Clinicamente, as regiões do grupo mucosite foram caracterizadas pela cor vermelha da mucosa e presença de sangramento à sondagem em todos os pacientes. O grupo peri-implantite mostrou mucosa avermelhada em 15 pacientes (40,5%), mas sangramento à sondagem em 9 pacientes (24,3%). Mobilidade do implante foi observada em quatro regiões (10,8%). A média de perda óssea patológica radiográfica foi de 3,8 ± 1,5 exposições de roscas. Análise do polimorfismo genético para IL-10-592, por meio do teste qui-quadrado, não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos saudável e testes. Conclusões: Polimorfismo na IL10-592 não está associado com o desenvolvimento da doença peri-implantar. A presença de sangramento à sondagem não caracteriza a doença peri-implantar.

Several studies have shown that individuals with genetic susceptibility to peri-implant disease may be at greater risk of loss of the dental implant. Objective: The objective of this study was to correlate the clinical and radiographic findings in the peri-implant tissue, showing healthy conditions and patients with the genetic polymorphism of interleukin-10 (IL-10). Material and methods: 109 patients were divided into three groups. The control group was characterized by periimplant health (n = 51). The test groups were divided into mucositis (n = 21; patients with inflammation of the periimplant mucosa) and peri-implant (n = 37; pathological bone loss peri-implant). The peri-implant tissues were examined clinically considering bleeding on probing, the color of the mucosa and the mobility of the implant. Saliva samples were collected for analysis of genetic polymorphism of IL-10 in the promoter region 592, using the restriction enzyme RsaI. Results: Clinically, mucositis group regions were characterized by the color red and the presence of mucosal bleeding on probing in all patients. The peri-implant group showed reddish mucosa in 15 patients (40.5%), but bleeding on probing in 9 patients (24.3%). Mobility of the implant was observed in four regions (10.8%). The mean radiographic pathological bone loss was 3.8 ± 1.5 exhibition threads. Analysis of genetic polymorphism for IL-10-592, using the chi-square test showed no significant difference between the healthy group and testing. Conclusions: Polymorphism in IL10-592 is not associated with the development of peri-implant disease. The presence of bleeding on probing does not characterize the peri-implant disease.

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Pacientes com agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores necessitam de um tratamento adequado para o sucesso estético e funcional do sistema estomatognático. Vários estudos têm sido realizados em busca de uma solução para esses pacientes nas áreas da Ortodontia, Dentística e Implantodontia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar, através de um caso clínico, a solução protética encontrada para o caso de um paciente com agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores. Após correção ortodôntica dos dentes e abertura para inserção dos implantes, implantes osseointegráveis foram fixados na maxila na região dos dentes 12 e 22; posteriormente, o tratamento estético com próteses livres de metal e resinas anteriores nos elementos 11 e 21 foi executado para alinhar a simetria do sorriso da paciente, provendo um resultado satisfatório

Patients with agenesis of upper lateral incisors need a proper treatment for the aesthetic and functional success of the stomatognathic system. Several studies have been made to find a solution for these patients including orthodontic, implantodontic, and prosthetic proposals. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate through a case study, the prosthetic solution found for the case of a patient with agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors. After orthodontic correction and space making for implant placement, dental implants were positioned at 12 and 22 regions, followed by metal-free prostheses and resin composite restorations at 11 and 21 to align smile simmetry providing a satisfactory result.

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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o grau de satisfação dos pacientes que tiveram implantes transitórios instalados para reter sobredentaduras durante o período de osseointegração dos implantes permanentes. Foram avaliados 23 pacientes, nos quais haviam sido instalados 46 implantes transitórios. O questionário aplicado ao paciente possuía perguntas referentes a retenção da prótese, influência da ativação imediata da prótese na retomada das atividades e convívio social e satisfação geral durante o período de espera para a osseointegração dos implantes permanentes. Os resultados mostraram que 60,87% responderam que a retenção foi ótima, 39,13% deles responderam que a retenção foi boa. Quanto a um bom convívio social, 100% relataram poder manter esse convívio sem constrangimento. A satisfação geral com o uso da sobredentadura retida pelos implantes transitórios teve 65,2% dos pacientes muito satisfeitos e 34,8% satisfeitos. Não houve insatisfação. Todos os pacientes indicariam o tratamento para outra pessoa. Com os resultados encontrados, foi possível concluir que a instalação de implantes transitórios para reter a sobredentadura temporariamente é um tratamento com alto grau de satisfação dos pacientes e a sobrevivência de 97,8% dos implantes transitórios mostra a sua eficiência.

This study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction degree of patients who had transitional implants installed to retain overdentures during the osseointegration of conventional implants. Twenty-three patients received 46 transitional implants. Prosthesis retention, the influence of immediate prosthesis activation on daily activities, social life, and the overall satisfaction during permanent implant osseointegration were evaluated. The results showed that retention was rate by patients as excellent (60.87%) and good (39.13%). As for social life, 100% reported no embarrassment. The overall patient satisfaction with the use of a transitional implantretained overdenture was rated as 65.2% (very satisfi ed) and 34.8% (satisfi ed). All patients said to recommend this treatment type. It can be concluded that transitional implant placement to retain overdenture generates a high patient satisfaction degree and implant survival (97.8%) demonstrating the great efficiency of these treatment modality

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