RESUMO

This work presents a non-linear Self-Consistent (SC) micromechanics method to model the observed physical elastic properties of a terrigenous formation with the purpose to obtain its depth mineral volume fractions profile. In this approach, it is first assumed that the observed physical elastic properties obtained from well logs, such as the density [Formula: see text] and the elastic compressional [Formula: see text] and shear [Formula: see text] velocities, are a non-linear relationship of the unknown mineral volume fractions [Formula: see text]. Then, a gradient descent algorithm is implemented to seek for those volume fractions [Formula: see text] for which differences between modelled and observed physical elastic properties are minimum. It is assumed that quartz, calcite and clay are the main comprising minerals of the formation. Obtained volume fractions profile follow the same general trends to those estimated by implementing the Linear Least-Squares Inversion LLSI method which is widely used in petrophysical analysis to obtain mineral concentrations from density [Formula: see text], photoelectric effect [Formula: see text] and compressional slowness [Formula: see text] well logs. Results also show that calcite and clay volume fractions from these two methods are highly correlated while quartz volume fractions show low correlation. Further comparison between clay concentrations from SC method with clay concentrations calculated from direct measurements of gamma ray GR well logs used as a guideline also exhibits high correlation. These results suggest that the SC method is better suited to obtain clay and calcite volume fractions rather than quartz volume fractions. However, SC method can provide with insights about the general distribution of quartz along the borehole.

RESUMO

PURPOSE: There are reports of greater survival rates in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients of female gender. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of gender in survival of NSCLC patients treated surgically with curative intent (stage I/II). METHODS: In a retrospective cohort design, we screened 498 NSCLC patients submitted to thoracotomies at the hospital Sγo Lucas, in Porto Alegre, Brazil from 1990 to 2009. After exclusion of patients that did not fit to all the inclusion criteria, we analyzed survival rates of 385 subjects. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression model was used to evaluate potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 65.3% and 49.5% for women and 46.5% and 33.2% for men, respectively (P = 0.006). Considering only stage I patients, the survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 76.2% and 55.1% for women and 50.7% and 35.4% for men, respectively (P = 0.011). No significant differences in survival rates were found among stage II patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show female gender as a possible protective factor for better survival of stage I NSCLC patients, but not among stage II patients. This study adds data to the knowledge that combined both genders survival rates for NSCLC is not an adequate prognosis.

RESUMO

El análisis de los resultados de casuísticas de biopsias renales es importante con fines diagnósticos, terapéuticos y de pronóstico. Evaluar la serie de biopsias renales en el Hospital de Niños de Valencia, Venezuela, durante el período 1978-2007. Fueron analizadas 421 biopsias renales practicadas en 395 pacientes, de 2 meses a 20 años, 57% varones. El material fue procesado por microscopía óptica, inmunofluorescencia y microscopía electrónica en 98% de los casos. Se obtuvo muestra adecuada (más de 10 glomérulos) en 93% de los casos (n=392). Indicaciones clínicas: síndrome nefrótico 199(50%), síndrome nefrítico atípico 53(13%), otro: (hematuria/proteinuria, proteinuria, trasplante, enfermedades sistémicas 143(37%). Resultados Histopatológicos: A.-Glomerulonefrítis primaria (GNP) 302 casos (77%), B.-Nefropatías secundarias (NS) 68 casos (17%), C.-Riñones trasplantados 28 casos (7%).-Diagnósticos en GNP: 1) Lesión de cambios mínimos 140(46%), 2) Glomeruloesclerosis segmentaria y focal 79 (26%), 3) GN proliferativa y/o mesangial 67(22%), 4) GN Membranosa 16 (5%). -Diagnósticos en NS: Nefritis lúpica: 20 casos (32.25%), Nefropatía IgA: 22 casos (35.50%); Otras: 20 casos (32.25%). -Diagnósticos en riñones trasplantados: rechazo agudo 50%, necrosis tubular aguda 25%, rechazo crónico 20%, enfermedad recurrente en trasplante 5%. Complicaciones: Hematuria transitoria: 21 casos (5%), hematoma perirenal: 3(<1%), perforación intestinal: 2 (<0.5%), hemorragia importante: 2 (<0.5%), nefrectomía: 1(0.2%). La presente es una de las primeras casuísticas de biopsias renales reportadas en Latinoamérica y una de las más grandes en el mundo y, de acuerdo a nuestros resultados, es un procedimiento seguro con gran utilidad diagnóstica, pocas complicaciones, sin mortalidad.

Evaluation and analysis of the results of renal biopsy are important for diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic matters. To evaluate a series of renal biopsies performed during the period 1978-2007 in the Hospital de Niños de Valencia, Venezuela. All patients had history of either primary or secondary nephropathies. 421 biopsies were done in 377 patients, ages 2 months-20 years; 57% boys. 26 patients were re-biopsed. Percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) was performed in all the patients, except in one who underwent open biopsy because of a solitary kidney. Renal tissue was processed for optical, inmunofluorescence and electronic microscopy in 98% of cases. The biopsy technique, clinical syndromes at presentation, hystopathological pattern, effectiveness and complications are described. Adequate sample was obtained in 392 cases (93%) (more than 10 glomeruli) and inadequate or failed biopsy in 29(7%). Clinical syndromes at presentation were: nephrotic syndrome: 199 cases (50%), atypical acute nephritic syndrome: 53 (13%), others: hematuria and proteinuria, isolated proteinuria, kidney transplant biopsy or systemic diseases: 143(37%). The hystopathological pattern obtained was as follows. A.-Primary glomerulonephritis (PG): 302 cases, 77%, B.-Secondary nephropathies: 68 cases, 17%, C.- Kidney transplant biopsies: 28 cases, 5 %. Primary Glomerulonephritis diagnosis: minimal change disease: 140 cases, 46%, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: 79(26%), diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis/mesangial: 67(22%), membranous glomerulonephritis: 16(5%). Secondary nephropathies: lupus nephritis: 20 cases (32.25%), IgA Nephropathy: 22 cases (35.50%), others: 20 cases (32.25%).Transplant biopsies: rejection 50%, acute tubular necrosis 25%, chronic rejection 20%, and recurrent disease 5%. Complications: transient hematuria: 21(5%), perirenal hematoma: 3(<1%), gut perforation (<0.2%), bleeding which required blood transfusion: 2(<0.5%) and nephrectomy because of incontrollable...

Assuntos

RESUMO

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis in humans worldwide; its prevalence and prognosis vary according with geographical areas. The incidence is higher in adults under 30 years of age and in children, it occurs more frequently in patients between 3 and 10 years. Hematuria is the predominant manifestation at presentation of the disease and 20-40% of the cases progress to terminal chronic renal disease. Renal biopsies were performed in 426 children during the period 1980-2002, of them, 12 cases corresponded to IgAN. The clinico-pathological characteristics and evolution of patients were evaluated during an average of 3.85 years. Mean age of patients was 6.2 years, and it was more frequent in males. Hematuria and proteinuria were found in 100% of cases and proteinuria of nephrotic range in 75%. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in 91%, arterial hypertension in 50% and acute renal failure at presentation in 25%. The predominant histopathological patterns (WHO) were II and III, deposits of mesangial IgA, IgG and C3 were observed in all cases and C4 deposits in 25%. 41.7% of cases had complete remission, 41.7% maintained normal renal function with persistent proteinuria and 16% progressed to terminal chronic renal failure. The actuarial survival of patients was 100% at 3 years, 87% at 4 years and 76% at 8 years. Two patients died during the period of study, at 3.5 and 8.5 years. The variability of presentation of IgA nephropathy was confirmed in this study, which could be attributable to geographical differences, racial influences and clinicopathological features related to sanitary conditions. Despite of the frequency of bad prognosis characteristics at presentation of IgAN in our series, the evolution was similar to reports of other groups.

Assuntos

RESUMO

La invasión de tejidos humanos, animales vivos, muertos por larvas de distintos géneros de moscas se denomina miasis. Distintas especies de moscas pueden estar involucradas, una Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis. La miasis bucal fue descrita por primera vez en 1909 (Laurence); son pocos los casos documentados en la literatura biomédica. Se presenta una paciente con demencia senil, leucoplaquia en paladar duro, de la cual se toma biopsia: diagnóstico histopatológico y parasitológico: infestación por S. haemorrhoidalis. Descripción: paciente femenino 81 años de edad, antecedentes de helmintiasis no especificada diagnóstico de demencia senil, antecedente de salida de helmintos por cavidad bucal. Se toma muestra lesión en paladar duro. Histopatología reveló presencia de larva recubierta por banda eosinofílica refringente aspecto quitinoso con pared muscular, inmersa en fondo de detritus celulares y fragmentos de músculo esquelético. Desde el punto de vista parasitológico, de acuerdo a características morfológicas, la presencia de espinas quitinosas y fibras musculares correspondientes a larvas de moscas. En virtud de localización, y características antes descritas se sustenta etiología de Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis. Los casos de miasis bucal se reportan con mayor frecuencia en pacientes epilécticos con labios lacerados posterior a ataques convulsivos, en niños con alteraciones en labios, con hábitos de succión de dedos, pacientes con enfermedad periodontal avanzada, antecedentes de extracción dental, neoplasias mucosa bucal y enfermedades con predisposición a mantener la boca abierta. Sólo existen 3 casos de miasis palatina reportados. Con la resugencia de enfermedades tropicales, la miasis bucal debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones en cavidad bucal.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A Síndrome do Aqueduto Vestibular Alargado (SAVA) é caracterizada por um alargamento do aqueduto vestibular associado a uma perda auditiva neurossensorial, algumas vezes mista, que pode ser congênita ou adquirida na infância. A disacusia pode ser dividida em leve, moderada ou profunda, associada com períodos de melhora ou de piora súbita. O alargamento do aqueduto vestibular é a anomalia da orelha interna mais comum. A SAVA é admitida como resultado de uma anormalidade genética no desenvolvimento do aqueduto vestibular anterior à quinta semana de gestação. A incidência de SAVA está entre 1 por cento e 1,3 por cento, podendo chegar a 7 por cento dependendo da população examinada. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar 3 casos de SAVA atendidos no Núcleo de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço de São Paulo e no serviço de Radiologia do Hospital São Camilo - São Paulo, sendo que dois pacientes são irmãos somente por parte materna. Dois pacientes eram do sexo feminino, um do sexo masculino e a idade variou de 9 a 30 anos. O método diagnóstico de eleição é a TC de osso temporais. A conduta para os casos foi o tratamento conservador com ressalva a cuidados como traumatismos cranianos, barotraumas e, quando necessário, uso de próteses auditivas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome is characterized by a widening of the vestibular aqueduct, associated with sensorineural hearing loss, or sometimes with mixed hearing loss, which may be congenital or acquired during childhood. The sensorineural hearing loss may be classified into mild, moderate and severe, associated with sudden periods of improvement or aggravation. The enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct is the most common inner ear anomaly. This syndrome is admitted as a result of a genetic abnormality of the vestibular aqueduct development, previous to the fifth week of gestation. The incidence of this syndrome ranges from 1% to 1.3%, with the possibility of getting up to 7%, depending on the examined population. The aim of this study was to analyze three cases of LVAS seen at the Otorhinolaryngology and Radiology Department of Sao Camilo Hospital - Sao Paulo. Two of these three cases were of brothers, from the same mother but from different fathers. Two were male and one was female and the ages ranged from 9 to 30 years old. The diagnosed method of election was CT, Computerized Tomography of the temporal bones. The procedure for the cases was that of observation, with exception for those of cranial traumatisms, barotraumas and, when necessary, the use of auditive prosthesis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUÇAO: A semelhança de resultados relatados por outros autores, anteriormente havíamos encontrado possível associação entre sexo e prognóstico em carcinoma brônquico não-pequenas células (CBNPC) em estágio I, com melhores taxas de sobrevida em mulheres. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de ampliar o estudo dos possíveis fatores prognósticos em CBNPC. MÉTODO: Em estudo de coorte retrospectivo, foi avaliada a sobrevida de 163 pacientes com CBNPC tratados cirurgicamente, com intenção curativa, no Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), entre 1990 e 1997, até o óbito ou o seguimento por cinco anos. Os dados foram analisados através de curvas de Kaplan-Meier e pelo teste de Mann-Whitney para comparar os tempos de sobrevida e pelo modelo de regressão de Cox para avaliar possíveis fatores de confusão. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 124 (76,07 por cento) homens e 39 (23,93 por cento) mulheres. A sobrevida mediana foi 32,3 e 60,6 meses e a sobrevida em cinco anos de 38,0 por cento e 55,4 por cento, para homens e mulheres, respectivamente (p=0,030). Considerando apenas pacientes em Estágio I, as taxas de sobrevida foram 44,4 por cento e 81,8 por cento para homens e mulheres, respectivamente (p=0,009). O efeito do sexo persistiu após ajuste para vários fatores (idade, hemoglobina, histologia, tamanho do tumor, extensão da cirurgia e complicações pós-operatórias), realizado através da regressão de Cox. O risco relativo em mulheres foi 0,09 (IC90 por cento:0,03-0,25, p<0,001) quando comparado com o de homens. CONCLUSAO: Este estudo confirmou achados prévios de que as mulheres vivem por mais tempo após cirurgia para tratamento de CBNPC, quando comparadas aos homens. Esse efeito é observado apenas em estágio precoce e persiste após ajuste de vários fatores.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A possible association had previously been noted between gender and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with a better survival rate for women. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to further clarify the role of gender as a possible prognostic factor in NSCLC. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study examined the survival of NSCLC patients who underwent surgical curative treatment at the Hospital Sao Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil, between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2000. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. In addition, a Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: In the period studied, lung resections were performed in 253 patients with NSCLC, of whom 114 had stage I tumors. Four patients were excluded because of death in the immediate postoperative period, and 1 committed suicide. The 5-year survival rate was 85.5% for women and 46.4% for men (P<0.0001). The median overall survival time was 44.7 months (interquartile range [IQR(25%-75%)], 17.4-72.3 months) and was longer in women than in men: 63.9 months (IQR(25%5%), 35.2-98.7 months) versus 32.3 months (IQR(25%-75%), 11.8-61.5 months), respectively (P<0.0001). Gender effect was still present after adjustment by Cox regression for several factors (age, smoking habits, hemoglobin, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, tumor size, tumor-node-metastasis stage, histology, postoperative complications, and surgery type). The adjusted hazard ratio in women was 0.23 (95% CI, 0.09-0.59; (P<0.0001) when compared with men. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previous findings that women live longer than men after surgery for stage I NSCLC. This effect persisted after adjusting for several factors. These results highlight the fact that analyses of long-term survival of NSCLC patients, usually generalized to men and women as a whole, may be an inadequate extrapolation. These results question whether analyses of long-term survival, which commonly group men and women together, provide an adequate prognosis of survival rates in women with NSCLC.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Dentre os vários tipos de laser usados em Medicina, o laser de CO2 é o mais usado na Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço. As vantagens de seu uso são a diminuição do sangramento, a diminuição do edema no pós-operatório e a facilidade de acesso ao campo operatório, entre outras. Desde os trabalhos de Jako e Strong em 1972(1,2), quando o laser de CO2 passou a ser usado no tratamento de papilomatose laríngea e de lesões malignas glóticas iniciais, suas indicações têm aumetado, principalmente em lesões benignas, a partir da alta tecnologia desenvolvida dos últimos anos como, por exemplo, a diminuição do microspot e o uso do superpulso, reduzindo conseqüentemente seu efeito térmico sobre os tecidos. MÉTODOS: Neste trabalho foram realizadas incisões com instrumental a frio e com laser de CO2 1 watt de modo contínuo e superpulso, em pregas vocais caninas e observado, através de cortes histológicos corados pelo método de Sirius Red, a quantidade de colágeno depositada sobre as mesmas. RESULTADOS: A quantidade de colágeno das pregas vocais foi maior do que no grupo controle, e estatisticamente maior no grupo de animais submetidos a procedimentos com instrumental a frio do que com laser de CO2. Não houve diferença estatística entre o grupo controle e o grupo submetido a incisões com instrumentos a frio. CONCLUSÃO: A microcirurgia de laringe com o laser de CO2, quando este é usado em baixa potência, com pequeno "microspot" e com superpulso, é um método seguro em relação à deposição de colágeno, quando comparado com instrumentos com lâmina a frio, obedecendo os princípios da fonomicrocirurgia.