RESUMO
Breast cancer is a burden for western societies, and an increasing one in emerging economies, because of its high incidence and enormous psychological, social, sanitary and economic costs. However, breast cancer is a preventable disease in a significant proportion. Recent developments in the armamentarium of effective drugs for breast cancer prevention (namely exemestane and anastrozole), the new recommendation from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence to use preventative drugs in women at high risk as well as updated Guidelines from the US Preventive Services Task Force and the American Society of Clinical Oncology should give renewed momentum to the pharmacological prevention of breast cancer. In this article we review recent major developments in the field and examine their ongoing repercussion for breast cancer prevention. As a practical example, the potential impact of preventive measures in Spain is evaluated and a course of practical actions is delineated.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/uso terapêutico , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Tamoxifeno/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Within the series of timed differential accumulations of small RNAs we have shown to prelude the synthesis of fibroin in the large ampullate glands of Nephila clavipes (Nc), we are currently directing our attention to the alanine tRNAs. This work reports the subcloning of the members of a tRNAAla gene cluster and the optimization of their transcription in a heterologous cell-free system derived from Bombyx mori (Bm) silkglands. Our data show that the heterologous cell-free system supports the faithful and differential transcription of the individual spider alanine tRNA genes. We are thus making use of the extract to characterize the individual genes with respect to flank-contained regulatory elements through cell-free transcription of gene derivatives. The work has been initiated with pNTA3 because of its high transcriptional activity. Interestingly, the transcription of this gene requires a far upstream sequence, an uncommon modality in tRNA genes.