RESUMO
Dentro del género Candida, la especie más frecuentemente aislada de materiales clínicos es Candida albicans. Debido a la emergencia de otras especies que pueden presentar mayor índice de resistencia a los antifúngicos, se hace necesaria la identificación rápida de aquellas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el rendimiento del sistema RapID™ Yeast Plus a partir de subcultivos en 2 formulaciones diferentes, agar Sabouraud dextrosa modificado por Emmons (medio indicado en el inserto del equipo) y agar Sabouraud glucosado, que es el utilizado habitualmente en los laboratorios de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se estudiaron 166 cepas de muestras clínicas provenientes de los distintos hospitales que integran la Red de Micología de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. De los resultados obtenidos se concluye que se deben mantener las condiciones y el medio de cultivo indicado por el fabricante
Within the genus Candida, Candida albicans is the most commonly isolated species from clinical samples. Due to the emergence of other species which can show a higher index of antifungal resistance, a fast identification of these species is necessary. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of the RapID Yeast Plus system from two different subculture media formulations: Sabouraud dextrose agar adjusted by Emmons (the medium is indicated in the equipment insert) and Sabouraud glucose agar, which is the most frequently used in Buenos Aires City laboratories. One hundred and sixty-six clinical sample strains coming from different hospitals belonging to the Mycology Network of Buenos Aires City were studied. From the obtained results, we conclude that the conditions and culture medium indicated by the manufacturer should be followed
Assuntos
Leveduras/isolamento & purificação , Candida/classificação , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Meios de Cultura/análise , Candidíase/diagnóstico , Estudo de AvaliaçãoRESUMO
Within the genus Candida, Candida albicans is the most commonly isolated species from clinical samples. Due to the emergence of other species which can show a higher index of antifungal resistance, a fast identification of these species is necessary. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of the RapID Yeast Plus system from two different subculture media formulations: Sabouraud dextrose agar adjusted by Emmons (the medium is indicated in the equipment insert) and Sabouraud glucose agar, which is the most frequently used in Buenos Aires City laboratories. One hundred and sixty-six clinical sample strains coming from different hospitals belonging to the Mycology Network of Buenos Aires City were studied. From the obtained results, we conclude that the conditions and culture medium indicated by the manufacturer should be followed.
Assuntos
Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/microbiologia , Meios de Cultura , Micologia/métodos , Candida/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Compostos Cromogênicos , Colorimetria , Humanos , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica/métodos , Micologia/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
No studies had investigated circadian and circannual rhythms of bone biomarkers in whole saliva. We evaluated the salivary daily and seasonal rhythm of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP). Forty clinical and oral healthy ambulatory pre- and postmenopausal women from two southern Argentine cities: Comodoro Rivadavia (latitude 45º S) and Ushuaia (latitude 54º S) were included in the study. CTX levels were evaluated in serum, urine, and saliva, and b-ALP levels were measured in serum and saliva. In both groups of women, salivary CTX showed a maximum percentage of change early in the morning (80%) and a minimum in the late afternoon (45%), similarly to the pattern observed in urinary samples. No daily rhythm was observed in serum or salivary b-ALP. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels decreased in winter vs. summer (p < 0.01) without differences between the two studied groups. Conversely, parathormone reached higher levels in winter (p < 0.05) which induced a slight non-significant increment in salivary CTX and b-ALP levels. The results showed that, as in serum and urinary samples, salivary CTX exhibits daily and a slight seasonal rhythmicity. Whole non-stimulated saliva is a useful tool to detect several oral and systemic diseases because it has important advantages compared to serum and urinary samples. Then, it may also be a promising sample to test changes in bone metabolism contributing to diagnose and to monitor the therapy of several metabolic bone diseases.
Assuntos
Fosfatase Alcalina/análise , Ritmo Circadiano , Colágeno Tipo I/análise , Peptídeos/análise , Pós-Menopausa/metabolismo , Pré-Menopausa/metabolismo , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/análise , Adulto , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Cálcio/sangue , Colágeno Tipo I/sangue , Colágeno Tipo I/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Peptídeos/sangue , Peptídeos/urina , Fósforo/sangue , Pós-Menopausa/sangue , Pós-Menopausa/urina , Pré-Menopausa/sangue , Pré-Menopausa/urina , Estações do Ano , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/sangueRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar la presencia de enanismo por desnutrición (ED) en niños preescolares y escolares (2 a 8 años) que concurrían a un Centro de Promoción Barrial de Comodoro Rivadavia. Se evaluaron transversal y longitudinalmente cada 6 meses de acuerdo a: 1. antropometría, peso (P), altura (T) y edad (E); que se expresaron como puntaje z de peso para la edad (ZP/E), talla para la edad (ZT/E) y peso para la talla (ZP/T); 2 composición corporal, por bioimpedancia (BIA) y se estimó el metabolismo energético (ME); 3. la determinación bioquímica de la fosfatasa alcalina ósea en suero y 4. la ingesta semanal, por una encuesta semiestructurada. Los niños con ED recibieron una dieta equilibrada y se evaluaron al año. Se propone mejorar las dietas y la eficiencia de los recursos para un óptimo crecimiento y desarrollo
Assuntos
Criança , Argentina , Nanismo Nutricional , Bolsas de EstudoRESUMO
Se estudió la relación de la ingesta de calcio y de proteínas con algunos marcadores de recambio óseo en 50 mujeres, 28 premenopáusicas (Pre) y 22 posmenopáusicas (Pos), de Comodoro Rivadavia (Argentina) con densidad mineral ósea (DMO) normal. Las ingestas de calcio (ICa) y de proteínas (IPr) se calcularon por encuesta de 7 días y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. En orina de 24 h se determinaron: calcio (Ca), creatinina (Crea) y deoxipiridinolina (Dpir); en suero: fosfatasa alcalina ósea (BAPh). Los resultados (promedio ± DE, mínimo y máximo) fueron, para Pre y Pos, respectivamente: ICa (mg/d): 694 ± 411 (190 - 2.117); 918 ± 304 (471 - 1.740) (p<0,01); IPr (g/d): 64,6 ± 25,4 (33,5 - 136); 63,7 ± 17,6 (41,5 - 95,2); calciuria (mg/d): 123 ± 85 (20 - 369); 114 ± 66 (17 - 252); Ca/crea (mg/mg): 0,124 ± 0,086 (0,014 - 0,372); 0,131 ± 0,077 (0,020 - 0,338); Dpir/crea (nM/mM): 5,5 ± 1,5 (3,4 - 10,3); 7,1 ± 2,3 (3,9 - 14,5) (p<0,01); BAPh (UI/l): 58 ± 12 (28 - 94); 70 ± 20 (32 - 99) (p<0,01). La ICa fue inferior a la Ingesta Adecuada para la edad en el 86 por ciento de Pre y en el 82 por ciento de Pos. Los indicadores bioquímicos no correlacionaron significativamente con ICa ni con IPr. Estos resultados sugieren que en estas mujeres, sin pérdida de masa ósea, existiría adaptación a un amplio rango de ICa y que la masa ósea se mantendría mediante un equilibrio entre el incremento de la formación ósea y el de la resorción
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Densidade Óssea , Cálcio , Pré-Menopausa , Proteínas , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , VenezuelaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Healthy premenopausal women (Pre n=28) and posmenopausal (Pos n=22), living in Comodoro Rivadavia (Argentina), with normal femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) were studied. Usual daily calcium intake (CaI) and protein intake (PrI) were calculated according to an special questionaire and the National Food Composition Tables. Fasting blood samples and 24 h urine were collected. Laboratory measurements were: in urine (U): calcium (Ca), creatinine (Crea) and deoxypiridinoline (Dpyr); in serum: Bone Alkaline Phosphatase (BAPh). The results presented the following media +/- SD (minimum - maximum) in Pre and Pos, respectively: CaI (mg/d): 694 +/- 411 (190 - 2,117); 918 +/- 304 (471 - 1740) (p < 0.01); PrI (g/d): 64.6 +/- 25.4 (33.5 - 136); 63.7 +/- 17.6 (41.5 - 95.2); daily UCa (mg/d): 123 +/- 85 (20 +/- 369); 114 +/- 66 (17 - 252); Ca/crea (mg/mg): 0.124 +/- 0.086 (0.014 - 0.372); 0.131 +/- 0.077 (0.020 - 0.338); Dpyr/crea (nM/mM): 5.5 +/- 1.5 (3.4 - 10.3); 7.1 +/- 2.3 (3.9 - 14.5) (p < 0.01); BAPh (UI/l): 58 +/- 12 (28 - 94); 70 +/- 20 (32 - 99) (p < 0.01). CaI was lower than the Adequate Dietary calcium intake in 86% and 82% of the Pre and Pos women, respectively. There was no correlation between CaI, PrI and the biochemical indicators. CONCLUSIONS: in these healthy women, without bone mass loss and with wide range of CaI, although usually low, markers of bone turnover, would be a balance between the increase of bone formation and resorption.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Reabsorção Óssea/metabolismo , Cálcio da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Pós-Menopausa/metabolismo , Pré-Menopausa/metabolismo , Adulto , Argentina , Biomarcadores/análise , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The in vitro activity of piperacillin-tazobactam and several antibacterial drugs commonly used in Argentinean hospitals for the treatment of severe infections was determined against selected but consecutively isolated strains from clinical specimens recovered from hospitalized patients at 17 different hospitals from 9 Argentinean cities from different geographic areas during the period November 2001-March 2002. Out of 418 Enterobacteriaceae included in the Study 84% were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam. ESBLs putative producers were isolated at an extremely high rate since among those isolates obtained from patients with hospital acquired infections 56% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 32% of Proteus mirabilis and 25% Escherichia coli were phenotypically considered as ESBLs producers Notably P.mirabilis is not considered by for screening for ESBL producers. ESBLs producers were 100% susceptible to imipenem and 70% were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam whereas more than 50% were resistant to levofloxacin. The isolates considered as amp C beta lactamase putative producers showed 99% susceptibility to carbapenems while 26.7% were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam and 38.4% to levofloxacin. Noteworthy only 4% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to amikacin. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most active agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (MIC(90): 128 microg/ml; 78% susceptibility) but showed poor activity against Acinetobacter spp (MIC(90):>256 microg/ml; 21.7% susceptibility). Only 41.7% Acinetobacter spp isolates were susceptible to ampicillin-sulbactam. Piperacillin-tazobactam inhibited 100% of Haemophilus influenzae isolates (MIC(90) < 0.25 microg/ml) but only 16.6% of them were ampicillin resistant. The activity of piperacillin-tazobactam against oxacillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase negative staphylococci was excellent (MIC(90) 2 microg/ml; 100% susceptibility). Out of 150 enterococci 12 isolates (8%) were identified as E.faecium and only three isolates (2%), 2 E.faecium and 1 E.faecalis were vancomycin resistant. All the enterococci isolates were susceptible to linezolid. Piperacillin-tazobactam showed excellent activity (MIC(90) 2 microg/ml; 92% susceptibility). Regarding pneumococci all the isolates showed MICs of 16 microg/ml for piperacillin-tazobactam. Among 34 viridans group streptococci only 67% were penicillin susceptible and 85.2% ceftriaxone susceptible whereas piperacillin-tazobactam was very active (MIC(90) 4 microg/ml).Piperacillin-tazobactam is therefore a very interesting antibacterial drug to be used, preferably in combination (IE: amikacin-vancomycin) for the empiric treatment of severe infections occurring in hospitalized patients in Argentina. Caution must be taken for infections due to ESBL producers considering that the inoculum effect MICs can affect MIC values.
Assuntos
Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Penicilânico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Penicilânico/farmacologia , Piperacilina/farmacologia , Adulto , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Argentina , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Feminino , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , TazobactamRESUMO
Se estudiaron 14 mujeres, de 22 a 35 años, premenopaúsicas, clínicamente sanas, residentes en Comodoro Rivadavia (Chubut), con valores normales de densidad mineral ósea de columna lumbar y cuello de fémur; los promedios ñ DE de peso e índice de masa corporal fueron, respectivamente: 57,7 ñ 3,8 (kg); 21,8 ñ 1,7 kg/m². La ingesta de calcio (ICa) se calculó en base a una encuesta alimentaria. En orina basal (A), con sobrecarga de agua (B) y de 24 h (C), se determinaron: calcio (Ca), deoxipiridinolina (D-Pir) y creatinina (crea), calculando las relaciones Ca/crea y D-Pir/crea. Los resultados promedio ñ DE fueron: ICa (mg/día): 720 ñ 284; Ca/crea (mg/mg): A: 0,065 ñ 0,039; B: 0,050 ñ 0,022; C: 0,089 ñ 0,027; D-Pir/crea (nM/mM) A: 5,9 ñ 2,2; B: 5,5 ñ 2,0; C: 5,1 ñ 1,4. Ca/crea en A y B no fueron significativamente menores que C (p 0,025); Ca/crea en C correlacionó con ICa (p = 0,002). D-Pir/crea en A, B y C no fueron diferentes. Estos resultados sugieren que: 1) las muestras A y B podrían utilizarse indistintinamente para determinar las relaciones urinarias Ca/crea y D-Pir/crea; 2) Ca/crea en C muestra una elevada correlación con ICa; 3) los valores normales de densidad de masa ósea (DMO) y D-Pir/crea en éstas mujeres premenopaúsicas, indican una adaptación al amplio rango de ICa
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Aminoácidos Cíclicos/urina , Cálcio , Creatinina , Reabsorção Óssea/diagnóstico , Aminoácidos Cíclicos , Cálcio , Creatinina , Biomarcadores/urinaRESUMO
Se estudiaron 14 mujeres, de 22 a 35 años, premenopaúsicas, clínicamente sanas, residentes en Comodoro Rivadavia (Chubut), con valores normales de densidad mineral ósea de columna lumbar y cuello de fémur; los promedios ñ DE de peso e índice de masa corporal fueron, respectivamente: 57,7 ñ 3,8 (kg); 21,8 ñ 1,7 kg/m². La ingesta de calcio (ICa) se calculó en base a una encuesta alimentaria. En orina basal (A), con sobrecarga de agua (B) y de 24 h (C), se determinaron: calcio (Ca), deoxipiridinolina (D-Pir) y creatinina (crea), calculando las relaciones Ca/crea y D-Pir/crea. Los resultados promedio ñ DE fueron: ICa (mg/día): 720 ñ 284; Ca/crea (mg/mg): A: 0,065 ñ 0,039; B: 0,050 ñ 0,022; C: 0,089 ñ 0,027; D-Pir/crea (nM/mM) A: 5,9 ñ 2,2; B: 5,5 ñ 2,0; C: 5,1 ñ 1,4. Ca/crea en A y B no fueron significativamente menores que C (p 0,025); Ca/crea en C correlacionó con ICa (p = 0,002). D-Pir/crea en A, B y C no fueron diferentes. Estos resultados sugieren que: 1) las muestras A y B podrían utilizarse indistintinamente para determinar las relaciones urinarias Ca/crea y D-Pir/crea; 2) Ca/crea en C muestra una elevada correlación con ICa; 3) los valores normales de densidad de masa ósea (DMO) y D-Pir/crea en éstas mujeres premenopaúsicas, indican una adaptación al amplio rango de ICa (AU)