RESUMO
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive joint destruction associated with increased pro-inflammatory mediators. In inflammatory microenvironments, exogenous ATP (eATP) is hydrolyzed to adenosine, which exerts immunosuppressive effects, by the consecutive action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73. Mature B cells constitutively express both ectonucleotidases, converting these cells to potential suppressors. Here, we assessed CD39 and CD73 expression on B cells from treated or untreated patients with RA. Neither the frequency of CD73+CD39+ and CD73-CD39+ B cell subsets nor the levels of CD73 and CD39 expression on B cells from untreated or treated RA patients showed significant changes in comparison to healthy controls (HC). CpG+IL-2-stimulated B cells from HC or untreated RA patients increased their CD39 expression, and suppressed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation and intracellular TNF-production. A CD39 inhibitor significantly restored proliferation and TNF-producing capacity in CD4+ T cells, but not in CD8+ T cells, from HC and untreated RA patients, indicating that B cells from untreated RA patients conserved CD39-mediated regulatory function. Good responder patients to therapy (R-RA) exhibited an increased CD39 but not CD73 expression on B cells after treatment, while most of the non-responder (NR) patients showed a reduction in ectoenzyme expression. The positive changes of CD39 expression on B cells exhibited a negative correlation with disease activity and rheumatoid factor levels. Our results suggest modulating the ectoenzymes/ADO pathway as a potential therapy target for improving the course of RA.
Assuntos
Apirase/metabolismo , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Artrite Reumatoide/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Imunomodulação , Adenosina/metabolismo , Apirase/genética , Artrite Reumatoide/patologia , Artrite Reumatoide/terapia , Linfócitos B Reguladores/imunologia , Linfócitos B Reguladores/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Citocinas/biossíntese , Gerenciamento Clínico , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária , Contagem de Linfócitos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The present work was dedicated to the development of an extraction process for red beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva) by-products that preserves the high molecular weight of the macromolecules with the primary aim of waste upgrading. Our study concerns the extraction of pectin-enriched products with potential thickening properties for their usage in food formulation, as well as with some healthy physiological effect, by using citrate buffer (pH = 5.2) either alone or with enzymes (hemicellulase or cellulase) active on cell wall polysaccharide networks. Considering that red beet tissue contains ferulic acid, which cross-links pectin macromolecules through arabinose residues to anchor them into the cell wall, an alkaline pretreatment was also evaluated in order to perform polysaccharide hydrolysis in the cell wall network to accomplish higher renderings. Chemical composition and yield, as well as the in vitro glucose retention exerted by the isolated fiber products were finally analyzed.
Assuntos
Beta vulgaris/química , Aditivos Alimentares/química , Aditivos Alimentares/isolamento & purificação , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/isolamento & purificação , Raízes de Plantas/química , Celulase/metabolismo , Diálise , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Fibras na Dieta/economia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Aditivos Alimentares/economia , Indústria de Processamento de Alimentos/economia , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Glucose/análise , Glucose/química , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Hidrólise , Peso Molecular , Pectinas/economia , Pectinas/metabolismo , Solubilidade , Resíduos/análise , Resíduos/economiaRESUMO
Both developing countries in the Caribbean and developed countries face resource allocation challenges. However, cost-effectiveness analysis instruments that may assist in allocation of resources have not been tested in Caribbean countries. Trinidad and Tobago is an advantageous location to test an instrument for potential use in the Caribbean. It has a single payer healthcare system and a literate population. Due to historical and current migration from other Caribbean countries, the population might be a fair representation of English-speaking Caribbean nations. We tested the validity of the Quality of Well-being Scale (QWB) on a sample of the non-institutionalized general population in Trinidad. The survey included reports of chronic conditions and items from the Trinidad and Tobago National Health Interview Survey. Data were analyzed using a multivariable regression model. One adult from each of 235 households consented to the interview. The results are consistent with results obtained in the United States of America. Being older, female, more chronic conditions and more symptoms/problems were significantly associated with lower mean QWB scores. These results suggest that the QWB with US-derived weights show evidence of validity in Trinidad and Tobago. Thus, health decision makers can use the QWB to compare the effects of different health conditions and health interventions. In addition, investigators can make cross-cultural comparisons of QWB scores for diseases or health conditions.
Tanto los países en vías de desarrollo en el Caribe como los países desarrollados, enfrentan desafíos de asignación de recursos. Sin embargo, en los países caribeños no se han probado instrumentos de análisis de costo-efectividad que pueden ayudar en la asignación de recursos. Trinidad-Tobago tiene una posición ventajosa en cuanto a la posibilidad de poner a prueba un instrumento de este tipo para su uso potencial en el Caribe. Trinidad-Tobago posee un sistema de salud de pagador único y una población instruida. Debido a la inmigración histórica y actual desde otros países caribeños, la población podría ser una buena representación justa de los países caribeños anglófonos. Nosotros probamos la validez de la Calidad de la Escala de Bienestar (CEB) en una muestra de la población general no institucionalizada, en Trinidad. El estudio incluyó informes de condiciones crónicas y aspectos de la Encuesta Nacional de Entrevistas de Salud de Trinidad y Tobago. Se analizaron los datos utilizando un modelo de regresión multivariable. Un adulto de cada una de las 235 casas, accedió a ser entrevistado Los resultados se corresponden con resultados obtenidos en los Estados Unidos de América. El tener más edad o ser mujer, el tener más condiciones crónicas y más problemas/síntomas, estuvieron significativamente asociados con una puntuación promedio de CEB más baja. Estos resultados sugieren que la CEB con pesos derivados de EE.UU. muestra evidencia de poseer validez en Trinidad y Tobago. De este modo, los responsables de tomar decisiones en políticas de salud, pueden usar la CEB para comparar los efectos de las diferentes condiciones de salud y las intervenciones de salud. Además, los investigadores pueden hacer comparaciones entre culturas sobre la base de las puntuaciones de CEB en relación con las enfermedades y las condiciones de salud.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Transversais , Entrevistas como Assunto , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
Both developing countries in the Caribbean and developed countries face resource allocation challenges. However, cost-effectiveness analysis instruments that may assist in allocation of resources have not been tested in Caribbean countries. Trinidad and Tobago is an advantageous location to test an instrument for potential use in the Caribbean. It has a single payer healthcare system and a literate population. Due to historical and current migration from other Caribbean countries, the population might be a fair representation of English-speaking Caribbean nations. We tested the validity of the Quality of Well-being Scale (QWB) on a sample of the non-institutionalized general population in Trinidad. The survey included reports of chronic conditions and items from the Trinidad and Tobago National Health Interview Survey. Data were analyzed using a multivariable regression model. One adult from each of 235 households consented to the interview. The results are consistent with results obtained in the United States of America. Being older female, more chronic conditions and more symptoms/problems were significantly associated with lower mean QWB scores. These results suggest that the QWB with US-derived weights show evidence of validity in Trinidad and Tobago. Thus, health decision makers can use the QWB to compare the effects of different health conditions and health interventions. In addition, investigators can make cross-cultural comparisons of QWB scores for diseases or health conditions.
Assuntos
Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
Se examinó el estilo de apego de mujeres que sufren violencia conyugal y cómo este estilo puede influir en la mantención de ésta. La muestra fue no probabilística por cuota y participaron 50 mujeres divididas en dos grupos homogéneos respecto de sus características sociodemográficas. En un grupo se consideró la variable maltrato conyugal. Se trató de un estudio correlacional comparativo, con un diseño cuasi experimental de tipo Ex post facto, en base a técnicas mixtas de investigación. Se aplicó el cuestionario CaMir y se realizaron entrevistas semi estructuradas. El análisis de los datos se efectuó a través del programa de corrección del instrumento y las entrevistas fueron tratadas mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican que el grupo de mujeres víctimas de violencia conyugal presentan estilo de apego preocupado, con características que influirían en el afrontamiento del maltrato y consecuentemente en la mantención de éste.
Attachment styles of women who are victims of domestic violence, and its influence in the continuity of abuse was examined. The sample was 50 women divided in two heterogeneous groups, according to socio-demographic criteria. In one group domestic violence was considered. The study was correlational and the design was quasi-experimental ex post facto with mixed research methods. The instruments included the CaMir test and partially structured interviews. The test scores were obtained aided by a software and the interviews were examined though content analysis. The results yield that women who have a preoccupied attachment style are the victims of domestic violence, and these characteristics may affect abuse confrontation and maintenance.