RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Heliopsis longipes (A. Gray) Blake (Asteraceae) is a broadly used species in the Mexican, Central and South American Traditional Medicine for its anaesthetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerative properties. The ethanolic extract contains alkamides, mainly affinin (spilanthol). This family of compounds exerts an in vitro inhibitory action on the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study approaches the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract and its main bioactive component affinin and derived isobutyl-decanamide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated through the mouse ear oedema test by means of two irritating agents, arachidonic acid (AA) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). RESULTS: Heliopsis longipes, affinin and isobutyl-decanamide displayed a marked anti-inflammatory effect on the AA model with ED(50)=0.8, 1.2 and 0.9 mg/ear, respectively. Nimesulide (1 mg/ear) was used as a reference drug. In PMA model, the extract and two alkamides also showed a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect with ED(50)=2.0, 1.3 and 1.1 mg/ear, respectively. Indomethacin (3 mg/ear) was used as reference drug. CONCLUSIONS: These results could represent an important contribution to explain the anti-inflammatory ethnobotanical effects reported for Heliopsis longipes and other species containing affinin (spilanthol). For the first time the topical anti-inflammatory effects of Heliopsis longipes, affinin and isobutyl-decanamide were studied.
Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Asteraceae/química , Alcanos/farmacologia , Amidas/química , Animais , Ácido Araquidônico , Orelha Externa/patologia , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/patologia , Edema/prevenção & controle , Etanol , Indicadores e Reagentes , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Alcamidas Poli-Insaturadas/farmacologia , Solventes , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Antecedentes: se revisó la fitoquímica del género Vaccinium (Ericaceae) Métodos: se consultaron las bases de datos: NAPRALERT y Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database y la literatura disponible. Resultados: se halló un elevado número de estudios y compuestos de 32 especies y 23 cultivares de algunas de ellas. Los metabolitos predominantes, principalmente en el fruto, fueron: benzenoides, flavonoides (cianidinas, hiperósido, epi-catequina y proantocianidinas) y fenilpropanoides. La distribución geográfica de los estudios indica que el elevado número de especies autóctonas de Latinoamérica, prácticamente no se ha investigado. Conclusiones: la potencialidad de compuestos biológicamente activos en este género representa un campo con probabilidades de éxito para la obtención de medicamentos herbarios o suplementos nutricionales.
Background: Phytochemistry of genus Vaccinium (Ericaceae) was reviewed. Methods: NAPRALERT and Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database as well as available literature were accessed. Results: A great number of research studies and compounds of 32 species and 23 cultivars were found. Predominant metabolites -mainly in the fruit- were benzenoids, flavonoids (cyanidines, hyperoside, epi-cathequine and proanthocyanidines) and phenylpropanoids. Geographic distribution of research studies showed that a high number of indigenous Latin-American species has not yet been studied as part of a research work. Conclusions: The potential of biologically active compounds of this genus represents a likely successful field to develop herbal medicines or nutritional supplements.