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Introducción: Las cualificaciones requeridas a un profesor tienen implicaciones en la vinculación laboral, el desarrollo profesoral y la calidad de la formación del recurso humano en salud. Objetivo: Determinar la experticia de un profesor y si existe evidencia empírica de que sus antecedentes en Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas influyan en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Métodos: En esta revisión de alcance se buscaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos Medline, Scopus, PubMmed, Google Scholar, EBSCO y ScienceDirect. La búsqueda incluyó, inicialmente, artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2020; luego, se incluyeron los estudios citados en estos artículos para aumentar el número de la muestra. La evaluación fue realizada de manera independiente por dos investigadores. En total, 11 artículos cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se extrajeron y analizaron datos sobre las cualidades del profesor del ABP. Resultados: Los estudios que exploran las cualificaciones del docente del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas son escasos y no existe un criterio unificado sobre la formación y la experiencia requeridas a ellos. Las evidencias empíricas encontradas son cuestionables y muestran vacíos en la comprensión de este problema, aunque sugieren como mejor opción a un profesor experto en medicina y pedagogía. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos representan un serio defecto del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas. Una posible solución es integrar la enseñanza de la pedagogía a los currículos médicos para contar con una mayor cantidad de profesores expertos tanto en medicina como en docencia(U)
Introduction: The qualifications required from a professor have implications for job placement, professional development and the quality of health human resource training. Objective: To determine a professor's expertise and whether there is empirical evidence that his or her background in problem-based learning (PBL) influences student learning. Methods: In this scoping review, published articles were searched for in the Medline, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO and ScienceDirect databases. The search initially included articles published between 2015 and 2020; then, studies cited in these articles were included to increase the sample number. The assessment was performed independently by two researchers. A sheer number of eleven articles met the inclusion criteria. Data about the qualities of the PBL professor were extracted and analyzed. Results: Studies exploring the qualifications of the PBL professor are scarce, while there is no unified criterion on the training and experience required from them. The empirical evidence found is questionable and shows gaps in the understanding of this problem, although it suggests a professor with expertise in medicine and pedagogy as the best option. Conclusions: These findings represent a serious shortcoming of PBL. A possible solution is to integrate the teaching of pedagogy into medical curricula in order to have a greater number of professors with expertise in both medicine and teaching(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Ensino/educação , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas/métodos , Docentes/educação , Educação MédicaRESUMO
RESUMEN Fundamento: los trabajadores de la salud que manipulan agentes infecciosos o materiales infectados deben conocer los posibles riesgos y ser expertos en su manipulación segura. Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento de las medidas de bioseguridad por el personal de salud en la unidad quirúrgica de cirugía ambulatoria. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo con un universo de 15 trabajadores de la unidad quirúrgica de cirugía ambulatoria, Hospital Provincial Universitario Celia Sánchez Manduley, Manzanillo, primer trimestre del 2017. El universo estuvo constituido por siete médicos cirujanos, seis licenciadas en enfermería y dos médicos anestesiólogos. La observación se organizó por una guía contentiva de los diferentes ítems para cada profesional por especialidad al establecer los puntajes. Resultados: las normas de bioseguridad que fueron cumplidas siempre se relacionaban con el aspecto personal, el uso de ropas quirúrgicas, el uso de medios de protección, el lavado de manos y el manejo de los desechos. El uso de dispositivos electrónicos y de joyas fueron las medidas de bioseguridad que menos se respetaron. El personal de salud tuvo un alto nivel de cumplimiento, ya que todos se posicionaron en el nivel tres. El nivel de cumplimiento que se presentó en médicos cirujanos, médicos anestesistas y licenciadas en enfermería fue el mismo. Conclusiones: el personal de salud de la unidad quirúrgica de cirugía ambulatoria cumplen, en su mayoría, con las normas de bioseguridad, donde el uso de joyas y equipos electrónicos la medida menos cumplida.
ABSTRACT Background: the health workers who manipulate the infectious agents or infected materials must know the possible risks and be experts in their sure manipulation. Objective: to evaluate the observance level of the biosecurity measures for the health personnel in the ambulatory surgical unit. Methods: an observational and descriptive study was carried out with a universe of 15 workers of the ambulatory surgical unit, Celia Sánchez Manduley Teaching Provincial Hospital, Manzanillo, Granma, in the first quarter of 2017. The universe was constituted by 7 medical surgeons, 6 graduated nurses and 2 anesthesiologists. The observation was organized for a guide contented of the different articles for each professional for specialty establishing the points. Results: the biosecurity norms that were completed were always related with the personal aspect, use of surgical clothes, use of protection means, washing of hands and handling of the waste. The use of electronic devices and of jewels was the biosecurity measures that were less respected. The health personnel had a high observance level, since all were positioned in the level three. The observance level that was presented in medical surgeons, anesthetists and nurses was the same one. Conclusions: the health surgical personnel of the ambulatory surgery unit, completes, in its majority, with the biosecurity norms being the use of jewels and electronic teams the less fulfilled measure.
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Anxiety and depressive symptoms are generated after paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD). However, it is not clear whether PSD produces differential effects between females and males. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of PSD on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors between sexes. Male and female BALB/c mice were divided in three groups: the control group, the 48-h PSD group and the 96-h PSD group. Immediately after PSD protocols, the forced swimming and open field test were applied. Sucrose consumption test was used to evaluate the middle-term effect of PSD. We found that corticosterone serum levels showed significant differences in the 96-h PSD females as compared to 96-h PSD males. In the open-field test, the 48-h and 96-h PSD females spent more time at the periphery of the field, and showed high locomotion as compared to males. In the elevated plus maze, the 48-h PSD females spent more time in closed arms than males, which is compatible with anxiety-like behavior. The forced swim test indicated that the 96-h PSD males spent more time swimming as compared to the 96-h PSD females. Remarkably, the 96-h PSD males had lower sucrose intake than the 96-h PSD females, which suggest that male mice have proclivity to develop a persistent depressive-like behavior late after PSD. In conclusion, male mice showed a significant trend to depressive-like behaviors late after sleep deprivation. Conversely, female have a strong tendency to display anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors immediately after sleep deprivation.
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Ansiedade , Comportamento Animal , Depressão , Caracteres Sexuais , Privação do Sono/psicologia , Animais , Corticosterona/sangue , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Feminino , Locomoção , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Privação do Sono/sangue , Privação do Sono/fisiopatologia , SacaroseRESUMO
PURPOSE: SIRT2 and SIRT6 are members of the sirtuin family and are associated with cancer development and progression in certain tumours, but their expression in retinoblastoma has not been studied. The primary objective of our study was to determine the expression of SIRT2 and SIRT6 in human retinoblastoma cases. METHODS: Eighteen formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of retinoblastoma cases from the Ocular Pathology Registry at the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory were obtained, classified and immunostained for SIRT2 and SIRT6 using mouse monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Sixteen cases were poorly differentiated retinoblastoma cases. SIRT2 and SIRT6 were expressed in all cases of retinoblastoma although differences in the staining intensity were found between cases. SIRT2 and SIRT6 expression was also observed in various normal structures of the remaining ocular tissue. CONCLUSIONS: SIRT2 and SIRT6 are expressed in retinoblastoma, as well as in some normal ocular structures. While precise roles of these proteins must still be determined in retinoblastoma, their expression profiles suggest that further functional studies of both SIRT2 and SIRT6 should be pursued in this cancer.
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Neoplasias da Retina/metabolismo , Retinoblastoma/metabolismo , Sirtuína 2/metabolismo , Sirtuínas/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Enucleação Ocular , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Lactente , Masculino , Neoplasias da Retina/patologia , Neoplasias da Retina/cirurgia , Retinoblastoma/patologia , Retinoblastoma/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-high risk alleles of the complement factor H (CFH), complement factor B (CFB), complement component 2 (C2), complement component 3 (C3), and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) genes in a Mexican population for the first time. METHODS: Genotyping was performed for the Y402H variant of CFH, for the L9H, R32Q, and K565E variants of CFB, the E318D variant of C2, the A69S variant of ARMS2, and the R102G variant of C3 in 159 Mexican mestizo patients at advanced stages of AMD, i.e., CARMS (Clinical Age-Related Maculopathy Staging System) grade 4 or 5. The frequency of these variants was also investigated in a group of 152 control subjects without AMD. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes, and genotyping was performed using PCR followed by direct sequencing. Allele-specific restriction enzyme digestion was used to detect the R102G polymorphism in C3. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the allelic distribution between the two groups for CFH Y402H (p=1×10(-5)), ARMS A69S (p=4×10(-7)), and CFB R32Q (p=0.01). The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) obtained for the risk alleles of these three variants were 3.8 (2.4-5.9), 3.04 (2.2-4.3), and 2.5 (1.1-5.7), respectively. Haplotype analysis including the two most significantly associated alleles (CFH Y402H and ARMS A69S) indicated that the C-T combination conferred an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 6.9 (3.2-14.8). The exposed attributable risk for this particular haplotype was 85.5%. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case-control investigation of AMD-high risk alleles in a Latino population. Our results support that CFH, ARMS2, and CFB AMD-risk alleles are consistently associated with the disease, even in ethnic groups with a complex admixture of ancestral populations such as Mexican mestizos.
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Fator B do Complemento/genética , Fator H do Complemento/genética , Etnicidade , Degeneração Macular/etnologia , Degeneração Macular/genética , Proteínas/genética , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Complemento C2/genética , Complemento C3/genética , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Haplótipos , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
A variant of bilioenteric anastomosis, laterolateral hepatojejunostomy, is described in which the opened anterior aspect of the common hepatic duct and left hepatic duct is anastomosed to a Roux jejunal limb. This technique is specially designed for thin, injured bile ducts in which a conventional anastomosis is difficult due to the small diameter of the ducts. A wide anastomosis is obtained, leaving the posterior wall as a conduit for bile, ensuring an adequate anastomotic diameter.
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Ducto Hepático Comum/lesões , Ducto Hepático Comum/cirurgia , Doença Iatrogênica , Jejuno/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Seguimentos , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
El objetivo es determinar la incidencia, intensidad y pronóstico de la ototoxicidad que se produce por el uso de antibióticos aminoglucósidos (amikacina, gentamicina y netilmicina) en pacientes que por una enfermedad infecciosa ingresaron al Hospital Baca Ortíz. Se realizó el presente estudio de cohortes, prospectivo para lo cual se seleccionaron 130 pacientes que presentaban antecedentes patológicos auditivos, del grupo de edad de 3-14 años residentes en Quito. Estos pacientes por una enfermedad infecciosa ingresaron a los servicios de clínica, cirugía, oncología e infectología del Hospital Baca Ortíz desde donde previa la selección de pacientes según criterios de inclusión y de exclusión se recolectaron las muestras al azar...