RESUMO
Excess consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with a global rise in metabolic diseases. Tamarind and partially-hydrolyzed agave syrup have potential for developing healthier beverages. Our objective was to develop a functional beverage using these ingredients (PH-AS-B). We also evaluate shelf-life stability (physicochemical, microbiological, and antioxidant properties) and health effects in C57BL/6 mice compared with tamarind beverages sweetened with glucose or fructose. Optimal tamarind extraction conditions were a 1:10 ratio (g pulp/mL water) and boiling for 30 min, and the resulting beverage had a shelf life of two months at 4 °C. Non-volatile metabolites were identified using HPLC/MS. PH-AS-B was associated with decreased blood cholesterol (5%) and triglyceride (20-35%) concentrations in healthy mice as well as lower lipid (82%) concentrations and evidence of protein oxidation (42%) in the liver, compared with glucose- and fructose-sweetened tamarind beverages. In conclusion, PH-AS-B was stable and associated with beneficial metabolic properties in healthy mice.
Assuntos
Agave , Xarope de Milho Rico em Frutose , Tamarindus , Camundongos , Animais , Agave/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Glucose/metabolismo , Bebidas , Edulcorantes/metabolismo , Frutose/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of oils from agricultural residues, such as Mangifera indica L. (mango) and Carica papaya (papaya) from the Papaloapan region, Mexico, as a carbon source for the production of hydrocarbon-degrading (hydrocarbonoclastic) microorganisms in an airlift bioreactor via a common metabolic pathway for hydrocarbons and fatty acids. Biomass growth and carbon source uptake were measured using optical density and gas chromatography, respectively. Gompertz, logistic, and Von Bertalanffy mathematical models were used to obtain kinetic parameters such as the lag phase, maximum specific growth, and consumption rate. The hydrocarbonoclastic consortium was able to grow using papaya (6.09 ± 0.23 g L-1) and mango (2.59 ± 0.30 g L-1) oils, which contain certain antibacterial fatty acids. Differences observed in maximum specific growth and consumption rates indicate that, although mango oil was consumed faster (0.33 day-1 for mango and 0.25 day-1 for papaya), papaya oil provided a higher rate of biomass production per microorganism (0.24 day-1 for mango and 0.44 day-1 for papaya). Additionally, the consortium was able to consume 13 g L-1 diesel as a sole carbon source and improve its maximum specific consumption rate following growth using the oils. Furthermore, the maximum specific growth rate was decreased, indicating a change in the consortium capabilities. Nevertheless, agricultural waste oils from the Papaloapan region can be used to cultivate hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms. The present study creates the possibility of investigating carbon sources other than hydrocarbons for the production of hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms.
RESUMO
Agricultural residues can be taken advantage of and be used to produce edible mushrooms through a biotransformation procedure. Mushrooms are beneficial species for humans, acting as antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypo-cholesterolemic, antitumor, anticancer, immunomodulating, antiallergic, nephroprotecting, and antimicrobial agents. The current study analyzed the influence of the origin of the nitrogen source on the antioxidant capacities of the Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom. The substrates were lignocellulosic residues and their moisture, ash, carbohydrate, and lignin content along with pH and antioxidant capacity were determined. Later, P. ostreatus mushrooms were produced in those residues, and their antioxidant capacity was determined. Edible mushrooms of the species P. ostreatus cultured in a mixture of sawdust, oak, and pasture were a viable source of antioxidant substances because their ethanolic extracts possessed an antioxidant capacity of 92.74% 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical assay. Direct influence of the growth substrate on the antioxidant properties of P. ostreatus was found. The use of different solvents (methanol, ethanol, or acetone) had no significant effect on the antioxidant properties of the extract.