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Objetivo. Determinar el estado de salud periodontal del paciente trasplantado renal, mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas diligenciadas por odontólogos generales o especialistas así como por la percepción de calidad de vida post-transplante, en relación con la salud bucal. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal con 30 participantes de una unidad de transplante renal de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Se exploraron antece- dentes médico-odontológicos personales y familiares, examen bucal y periodontograma completo, por un solo examinador (Kappa= 0,79). Se aplicó la encuesta Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Resultados . Edad promedio de 35 años (d.s±20,5), 50% hombres y 70% residentes en Medellín. El 46,7% tuvo falla renal de carácter idiopático. Del 44,3% que presentaron problemas periodontales, el 73% tuvo periodontitis locali- zada, 31,8% bolsas periodontales de 4 mm. El cuestionario de calidad de vida aplicado mostró dos dimensiones afectadas: dolor físico y malestar psicológico (23,4% y 20% res- pectivamente). Conclusiones. Los pacientes trasplantados renales tuvieron compromiso periodontal. La severidad medida por la pérdida de inserción, mostró un resultado poco satisfactorio, considerando que los pacientes deben estar libres de factores irritativos e inflamatorios en la boca. El OHIP-14 es un instrumento amigable y sencillo para valorar la calidad de vida asociada a salud bucal.

Objective. Determine the periodontal health status of the renal transplantation patient, by reviewing the medical records filled out by general dentists or specialists as well as the perception of post-transplantation quality of life, in relation to oral health. Methods . Cross-sectional descriptive study with 30 participants from renal transplantation unit in the city of Medellín, Colombia. Personal and family medical-dental history, oral exam and complete periodontogram were explored by a single examiner (Kappa = 0.79). The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) survey was applied. Results. Average age: 35 years (d.s ± 20.5), 50% men and 70% residents in Medellín. 46.7% had idiopathic renal failure. From the 44.3% who presented periodontal problems, 73% had localized peri- odontitis, 31.8% periodontal pockets of 4 mm. The quality of life applied questionnaire showed two affected dimensions: physical pain and psychological distress (23.4% and 20% respectively). Conclusions. The kidney transplantation patients had periodontal involvement. The severity measured by the loss of insertion, showed an unsatisfactory result, considering that patients should be free of irritating and inflammatory factors in the mouth. The OHIP-14 is a friendly and simple instrument to assess the quality of life associated with oral health

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PURPOSE: Hypoxia has predictive value in head and neck cancer (HNC). It has been well described, albeit in a small number of clinical Centres. The aim of this study was to describe our experience using the polarographic probe technique to assess the predictive value of tumour oxygenation in patients with advanced HNC treated with hyperfractionated radio-chemotherapy. Hypoxia modification was induced using percutaneous spinal cord stimulation (SCS). METHODS/PATIENTS: Male patients (n = 12; stage IVb n = 8; IVa n = 4; mean age 58: range 46-70 years) with advanced HNC were evaluated. Planned therapy was hyperfractionated-radiotherapy, oral tegafur (precursor of 5-fluorouracil) and hypoxia modification using SCS. Pre-treatment analyses included: haemoglobin levels and tumour oxygenation (using the Eppendorf polarographic probe device). Oxygenation was expressed as median-pO2 (in mmHg) and hypoxia as the percentage of pO2 values ≤5 mmHg (HP5) and ≤2.5 mmHg (HP2.5). RESULTS: Lower haemoglobin levels were directly correlated with median pO2 (p = 0.017) and inversely correlated with HP5 (p = 0.020) and more advanced stages (IVb vs. IVa; p = 0.028). Patients who subsequently developed systemic metastasis had tumours that were more hypoxic, with lower median pO2 (p = 0.036) and higher HP5 (p = 0.036). The subgroup of patients with HP2.5 above the median (the most hypoxic tumours) had lower loco-regional control (p = 0.027), cause-specific survival (p = 0.008), and overall survival (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Higher tumour hypoxia showed predictive value in HNC in our study, and was significantly associated with lower overall survival, cause-specific survival, and loco-regional control. Tumour hypoxia determination could be used to select patients who would most benefit by hypoxia modification during chemo-radiotherapy of HNC.

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The evolution of the nutrition concept is described until arriving to the concept of three-dimensionality, analyzing it from at the world level, in Latin America and México. Nutrition used to be considered an exclusively biological process; nevertheless, now it involves social and ecological aspects. The convergence between the health concept and nutrition from the biosocial conception of the individual is analyzed, emphasizing the importance of education as a promotional tool, which includes not only includes the informative aspect but also the modification of behavior to change the individual's lifestyle.

Se describe la evolución del concepto de nutrición hasta llegar a la concepción de la tridimensionalidad del mismo. Analizándolo desde el nivel mundial, América Latina y México. Se consideraba a la nutrición como un proceso exclusivamente biológico, sin embargo actualmente involucra aspectos sociales y ecológicos. Se destaca la convergencia entre el concepto de salud y nutrición, a partir de la concepción biopsicosocial del individuo, motivo por el que se enfatiza la importancia de la educación para la salud como herramienta preventiva y promocional que no solo incluye el aspecto informativo sino también la modificación de conductas con el objetivo de que el individuo adquiera estilos de vida saludables. Se concluye con la manera como la educación para la salud se articula con las tres dimensiones de la nutrición.

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En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la evaluación energética de los intermediarios de la isomerización del 1-ciclohexiloctano en dos etapas. La primera etapa corresponde a la isomerización del 1-ciclohexiloctano en fase gaseosa vía carbocationes clásicos, usando el nivel de teoría DFT/B3LYP y conjunto de funciones base 6-31G. En la segunda etapa se desarrolló la coordenada de reacción de la isomerización del 1-ciclohexiloctano en presencia de zeolitas acidas H-ZSM-22 y H-Y empleando el método ONIOM, usando los niveles de teoría B3LYP/ 6-31G:UFF. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre las reacciones en fase gaseosa y condensada. Estas diferencias ponen de manifiesto la influencia del confinamiento cuántico que sufren las moléculas al interior de los sistemas microporosos del tipo zeolitas.

We studied the isomerization mechanism of 1-cycle-hexyloctane either in gas phase or inside zeolites using quantum models. In the gas phase the reaction was simulated following the classical scheme via carbocations. On the other hand, the isomerization reaction was modeled with 1-cycle-hexyloctane inside HZSM-22 and H-Y acid zeolites (condensed phase). We used the ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31G: UFF) hybrid method to study such behavior in both zeolites. Our results show that the reaction follows different pathways when the simulations are performed either in gas phase or within the zeolites pores. Such differences show the importance of quantum confinement inside microporous materials.

Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos os mecanismos das reacção de isomerização de 1-ciclo-hexil-octano através de duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, a reação foi realizada como carbocátions clasicos, utilizando-se o método DFT/B3LYP e as funções básicas 6-31G. Na segunda, a reação de isomerização de 1-ciclo-he-xil-octano foi estudou em zeolites ácido H-ZSM-22 e H-Y utilizando-se o método híbrido ONIOM o nível B3LYP e funções básicas 6-31G.

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BACKGROUND: In most low income countries there are twice as many cases of tuberculosis (TB) reported among men than among women, a difference commonly attributed to biological and epidemiological characteristics as well as socioeconomic and cultural barriers in access to health care. The World Health Organization has encouraged gender specific comparisons in TB rates to determine whether women with TB are less likely than men with TB to be diagnosed, reported, and treated. A study was undertaken to identify gender based differences in patients with pulmonary TB and to use this information to improve TB control efforts. METHODS: Individuals with a cough for more than 2 weeks in southern Mexico were screened from March 1995 to April 2003. Clinical and mycobacteriological information (isolation, identification, drug susceptibility testing and IS6110 based genotyping, and spoligotyping) was collected from those with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB. Patients were treated in accordance with official norms and followed to ascertain treatment outcome, retreatment, and vital status. RESULTS: 623 patients with pulmonary TB were enrolled. The male:female incidence rate ratio for overall, reactivated, and recently transmitted disease was 1.58 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.86), 1.64 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.98), and 1.41 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.96), respectively. Men were more likely than women to default from treatment (adjusted OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.46 to 7.43), to be retreated (hazard ratio (HR) 3.15, 95% CI 1.38 to 7.22), and to die from TB (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.99). CONCLUSIONS: Higher rates of transmitted and reactivated disease and poorer treatment outcomes among men are indicators of gender differentials in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB, and suggest specific strategies in endemic settings.

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En el presente trabajo se compararon los métodos de aglutinación con partículas de látex (AL) y Rantz-Randall (RR) para investigar anticuerpos antiestreptolisina "O" en 72 muestras de sueros sanguíneos. Este estudio reveló un mayor porcentaje de positividad, por el método RR (55,5 por ciento) que por AL (16,6 por ciento). Cuando evaluamos la discordancia en nuestros datos, se observa que un suero positivo por AL (título 400 UI/ml) fue negativo para RR, lo cual pudo ser un falso positivo por la presencia de anticuerpos inespecíficos. En el caso de las 19 muestras de suero que resultaron positivas por RR a diluciones superiores a 1:240 y negativas por AL, podría explicarse por la mayor sensibilidad de la primera técnica y/o la presencia de falsos negativos por la técnica de AL, debido al fenómeno de prozona. El análisis estadístico mediante el Chi cuadrado, determinó que entre los métodos de RR y AL, hubo diferencia significante, lo cual reveló la importancia de este estudio ya que demuestra que el método de RR constituye una alternativa superior al de AL, como complemento del diagnóstico clínico y bacteriológico de las infecciones estreptocócicas

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A randomized controlled trial was carried out for 1 y in three tertiary and teaching hospitals, in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Yogyakarta (Indonesia) and Merida (Mexico), to study the effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability and cost of kangaroo mother care (KMC) when compared to conventional methods of care (CMC). About 29% of 649 low birthweight infants (LBWI; 1000-1999 g) died before eligibility. Of the survivors, 38% were excluded for various reasons, 149 were randomly assigned to KMC (almost exclusive skin-to-skin care after stabilization), and 136 to CMC (warm room or incubator care). There were three deaths in each group and no difference in the incidence of severe disease. Hypothermia was significantly less common in KMC infants in Merida (13.5 vs 31.5 episodes/100 infants/d) and overall (10.8 vs 14.6). Exclusive breastfeeding at discharge was more common in KMC infants in Merida (80% vs 16%) and overall (88% vs 70%). KMC infants had a higher mean daily weight gain (21.3 g vs 17.7 g) and were discharged earlier (13.4 vs 16.3 d after enrolment). KMC was considered feasible and presented advantages over CMC in terms of maintenance of equipment. Mothers expressed a clear preference for KMC and health workers found it safe and convenient. KMC was cheaper than CMC in terms of salaries (US$ 11,788 vs US$ 29,888) and other running costs (US$ 7501 vs US$ 9876). This study confirms that hospital KMC for stabilized LBWI 1000-1999 g is at least as effective and safe as CMC, and shows that it is feasible in different settings, acceptable to mothers of different cultures, and less expensive. Where exclusive breastfeeding is uncommon among LBWI, KMC may bring about an increase in its prevalence and duration, with consequent benefits for health and growth. For hospitals in low-income countries KMC may represent an appropriate use of scarce resources.

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The epidermal growth factor receptor was analyzed in the membrane fraction from a series of human breast carcinomas using a radioligand assay. The results were compared to immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies on tissue sections. All tumors with detectable receptor levels as measured by ligand binding showed a positive staining with monoclonal antibodies. In such tumors more than 50 percent of the cells were receptor positive with varying intensity. Tumors classified as receptor negative with the radioligand assay could be divided into two major groups based on their immunostaining. The largest group showed no reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. In a second smaller group, a positivity was observed in small clusters of tumor cells while the majority of cells were negative. The staining intensity in such clusters was usually low. It seems possible that this heterogenous expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor is of significance with respect to clonal selection in tumor spreading.

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La obtención y caracterización de tumores colorrectales humanos, xenotrasplantdos en ratones atímicos constituye una práctica importante de la investigación oncológica contemporánea, cuyo empleo permitió obtener en nuestras condiciones el crecimiento de 9 (33 %) de los 27 tumores implantados, 5 de los cuales (55,5 %) constituyen ya tumores establecidos en tres o más pases seriados, sin que por ello se observen variaciones en sus características histológicas, grado de diferenciación o expresión del antígeno carcinoembrionario (CEA). Ninguna correlación entre el crecimiento tumoral en el ratón atímico y diversos factores epidemiológicos (raza, sexo y edad), clínicos (sintomatología, tiempo de evolución y estadiamiento) y morfofuncionales (tipo histológico, diferenciación y expresión CEA). puede ser establecida como criterio predictivo del comportamiento tumoral después del trasplante. La localización anatómica de la lesión primaria, sin embargo, mostró evidencias de un mejor comportamiento al xenotrasplante cuando los tumores procedían del colon proximal (ciego)

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El factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGF), es un polipéptido mitogénico para células de origen epitelial y mesenquimatoso; sin embargo, tiene un efecto inhibitor de la proliferación in vitro de las células que tienen un número muy elevado de receptores de EGF en su superficie. Resultados precedentes de nuestro laboratorio demostraron que este efecto inhibidor también puede obtenerse in vivo, en tumores humanos creciendo como xenotransplantes en ratones atímicos. En este artículo presentamos las primeras evidencias clínicas del efecto del EGF en carcinomas humanos. Se trataron 10 carcinomas de piel (9 pacientes) mediante la aplicación diaria tópica de una crema que contenía 10*g/g de EGF humano recombinante. Durante las tres semanas de tratamiento no se obtuvo ninguna evidencia de progresión tumoral, al contrario, la mitad de las lesiones mostraron una respuesta objetiva favorable. Cuatro pacientes refirieron mejoría subjetiva intensa, dada por alivio del dolor y recuperación funcional de las estructuras afectadas por el tumor. En cuatro pacientes se registraron notables cambios histológicos, dados por una disminución en la proporción de células tumorales en el tejido, un aumento en la reacción estromal y la aparición de infiltrado inflamatorio. La ampliación del concepto de hormono-dependencia, para incluir la regulación de tumores por factores de crecimiento, implica como corolario la aplicación del campo de la terapia hormonal, para incluir el tratamiento con factores de crecimiento o sus análogos. Estos resultados preliminares son la primera evidencia de que estos conceptos pueden ser aplicables en la clínica.

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