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This study evaluated the efficiency of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) to hasten ovulation in weaned sows. In experiment I, weaned sows detected in estrus (0 h) received: no hormone (Control; n = 56); 0.5 mg PGF IM at 0 h and 2 h (PGF0; n = 56); or 0.5 mg PGF IM at 24 h and 26 h (PGF24; n = 55). In experiment II, weaned sows that did not express estrus signs until 72 h after weaning (0 h) were assigned to: no hormone (Control; n = 45); 10 µg buserelin acetate IM at 0 h (Buserelin; n = 43); 0.5 mg PGF IM at 34 h and 36 h (PGF; n = 44); or 10 µg buserelin acetate IM at 0 h plus 0.5 mg PGF IM at 34 h and 36 h (Buserelin + PGF; n = 45). In experiment I, no effect of PGF on the interval treatment onset to ovulation was observed (P > 0.05), and no treatment effect was observed on the relative or cumulative proportion of females that ovulated post-treatment onset (P > 0.05). In experiment II, treatment onset to ovulation interval was shorter for Buserelin group than for PGF group (P < 0.05), and a higher cumulative percentage of Buserelin treated sows ovulated up to 48 h compared to PGF and Control groups (P < 0.01), with no differences from Buserelin + PGF. Treatments did not affect total number of piglets born in both experiments (P > 0.05). In conclusion, PGF did not hasten ovulation timing or affect litter size in weaned sows.

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Housing nursery pigs according to body weight is an observed common practice in production systems and, supposedly, improves growth performance and reduces body weight (BW) variation. This 42-day study evaluated the effects of housing nursery pigs according to BW on performance, onset of feed intake, and aggressive behavior. A total of 504 pigs were ranked by BW at weaning and categorized into three groups of 168 pigs each: light, medium, and heavy. Pigs were randomly distributed to unsorted pens (Unsorted) containing 6 pigs of each weight group and sorted pens with 18 pigs from just one group per pen (Sorted). From weaning to day 3, pigs were fed a diet containing 1% iron oxide dye and rectal swabs presenting red coloration were evaluated to assess feed intake onset. Eight pens were video recorded to evaluate aggressive behavior. Sorted-Heavy pigs delayed the onset of feed intake (P ≤ 0.011) and presented more aggressive behaviors than Sorted-Light and Sorted-Medium pigs (P ≤ 0.036). In Unsorted, onset of feed intake showed no differences between weight categories. Also, no differences were observed for aggressive behavior between Sorted and Unsorted. Final BW showed no differences between Sorted and Unsorted pigs. The within-pen weight coefficient variation (CV) was slightly different (P = 0.042) between Sorted and Unsorted pigs (13.3 and 15.6%, respectively), at the end of the study. Thus, sorting nursery pigs by BW did not improve growth performance and also, induce a lag of post-weaning feed intake onset and increased fights in Heavy pigs.

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The microorganisms are the best source of extracellular enzymes since they allow an economical technology with low-resource consumption compared to animals and plants. The amylases are among the most important enzymes being the genus Bacillus one of the most investigated due to its ability to produce this enzyme. The objective of this study was to isolate and analyze the genetic diversity among bacteria of the genus Bacillus sp producer of amylase originated from the soil. To this end, soil samples were collected and submitted to the condition of extreme temperature. The serial dilution procedure followed by seeding on solid medium containing starch was used for isolation of strains that produce amylase. The microorganisms isolated were subjected to standard morphological methods for presumptive identification of the genus Bacillus. The PCR assay with the universal genetic marker 16S rDNA was used for confirmation of bacterial strain. All the 10 isolates presumptively identified as bacteria amplified a fragment of 370 bp corresponding to the 16S rDNA gene. The enzymatic activity was expressed as an enzymatic index (EI), after 24 h of incubation. All isolate producers of amylase exhibited EI ≥ 2.0. The determination of the genetic profile and the clonal relationship among the isolates were performed by the method of ERIC-PCR polymorphism. The isolates of Bacillus spp were divided into 2 groups (I and II). Through this method, the discriminatory capacity of this analysis of polymorphisms was verified in differing producer strains from those not producing amylase.

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Este estudo objetivou caracterizar qualitativamente grupos de metabólitos secundários e alguns constituintes de 9 espécies de plantas medicinais nativas do cerrado utilizadas pela comunidade rural do Assentamento Vale Verde, identificando potencialidades biológicas e farmacológicas. As informações referentes às plantas de uso medicinal foram obtidas por meio de estudos etnobotânicos e etnofarmacológicos, realizados no período de 2010 a 2012. O material botânico coletado foi identificado e depositado no Herbário da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Porto Nacional (TO). O extrato etanólico e metanólico foi obtido a partir do material seco em estufa, filtrado e concentrado em evaporador rotatório sob pressão reduzida, pesados e novamente colocados em estufa por 24h a 50ºC, obtendo o rendimento (m/m) resultante da relação entre a massa de extrato concentrado e após seco. A análise fitoquímica das plantas selecionadas foi feita usando a metodologia da Prospecção Preliminar, realizando testes para detecção de alguns constituintes importantes e dos principais grupos de metabólitos: saponinas, fenóis e taninos, catequinas, esteróides e triterpenóides, cumarinas, antraquinonas e flavonóides. Os testes foram considerados positivos através de reações de precipitados com colorações, formações de espumas e manchas coloridas. Os testes fitoquímicos realizados nos extratos revelarem a presença de constituintes do metabolismo secundário das plantas que podem contribuir para a identificação de marcadores químicos para as espécies estudadas, sendo estes indispensáveis para os testes de qualidade e integridade de fitoterápicos e uso popular mais seguro das plantas medicinais, possibilitando melhor controle farmacognóstico dessas espécies e direcionamento dos seus usos e aplicações na pesquisa pela bioatividade preliminarmente conhecida. Neste caso, especialmente devido às atividades antimicrobianas, antioxidantes e contra insetos, sugerindo relação com a presença de compostos fenólicos e flavonoídicos, positivos nos extratos da maioria das espécies. Estas informações são inéditas no Tocantins e estratégicas para fortalecimento das políticas de conservação de Áreas de Reserva Legal no âmbito do Cerrado, bioma prioritário para conservação da biodiversidade, melhorando a caracterização dos recursos medicinais ainda disponíveis na flora nativa regional bem como vislumbrando suas aplicações biológicas e farmacológicas.

This qualitative study aimed to characterize the groups of secondary metabolites and some constituents of 9 species of native medicinal plants of the Cerrado region used by the rural community of Vale Verde Settlement, identifying their biological and pharmacological potential. The information on medicinal plants were obtained through ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies performed during the period 2010-2012. The botanical material collected was identified and deposited in the Herbarium of the Federal University of Tocantins, Porto Nacional (TO). The ethanolic and methanolic extracts were obtained from the oven dried material, filtered and concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure, then weighed and placed again in an oven for 24h at 50 ° C, obtaining the yield (m / m), resulting from the ratio between the mass of concentrated extract and the mass after drying. Phytochemical analysis of selected plants was done using the methodology of Preliminary Prospecting, with tests for the detection of some important constituents and of the main groups of metabolites: saponins, phenols and tannins, catechins, steroids and triterpenoids, coumarins, anthraquinones and flavonoids. The tests were considered positive by the reactions of precipitates with colorations, the formation of foams and colored stains. Phytochemical tests performed on the extracts revealed the presence of constituents of secondary metabolism of plants, which can help to identify chemical markers of species. These markers are indispensable for testing quality and integrity of phytochemicals and a safer popular use of medicinal plants, enabling a better pharmacognostic control of these species and guidance for their use and applications in research by the preliminarily known bioactivity. In this case, it is especially due to the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti insect activities, suggesting an association with the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, positive in extracts of most species. These data are novel in Tocantins and strategic for the strengthening of conservation policies of Legal Reserve Areas within the Cerrado, priority biome for the conservation of biodiversity, improving the characterization of medicinal resources still available in the regional native flora, also foreseeing their biological and pharmacological applications.

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Traumatic neuroma is a rare disorder that represents a reactive proliferation of neural tissue following damage to an adjacent nerve. Clinically, oral lesions usually appear as a nodule of normal or grayish white smooth surface colouration, and patients may complain of pain as a frequent symptom. We report a case of a painless lower lip traumatic neuroma, clinically misdiagnosed as lipoma, in a 24-year-old Caucasian woman. On intraoral examination, a yellowish and smooth sessile, well-delimited, painless, nodular lesion measuring 10 mm x 7 mm x 4 mm in size was observed on the mucosal lower lip. An excisional biopsy was performed and the final diagnosis was traumatic neuroma. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic and there are no signs of recurrence.

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The authors studied the oral manifestations of a sample of 70 diabetic patients, divided into controlled and uncontrolled patients. Medical history and stomatological data were analyzed and diabetic controlled patients were matched to uncontrolled patients. The main symptoms observed were hyposalivation, taste alterations and burning mouth, with the main sign being parotid enlargement. The lesions observed were candidosis of the erythematous type and proliferative lesions both associated to the use of total prosthesis. No pathognomic lesions or alterations could be observed in relation to the disease. The frequency of carriers of Candida albicans and also the lesions observed could be compared to normal patients also using total dentures.

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