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The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact schools and how education is conveyed to students. One of the aspects that has gained strength is supporting the wellbeing of educational communities. The purpose of this study was to describe and understand the construction of school wellbeing during the pandemic, based on the notion of collective and sustainable wellbeing. Through a qualitative design, we conducted a study in four Chilean low-SES schools in which a national school mental health program is implemented. A total of 41 in-depth interviews and one group interview were conducted with students, parents, teacher, teacher assistants, school principals, psychosocial professionals, and the school mental health officers during the second half of the 2020 school year. Thematic content analyses showed that, while facing the school closure challenges, schools strived to protect students' and teachers' wellbeing. However, participants highlighted necessary conditions for sustaining the school community's wellbeing and mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: assuring digital connectivity for all students; coordinated work with families and within the school; strengthening networks; curriculum adaptation and diversified pedagogical strategies; and emotional support toward teachers, families, and students. We discuss these findings and their implications for a sustainable and collective perspective of the wellbeing of school communities in low-SES schools, as well as for policy, practice, and research from the perspective of schools for social justice and health promotion.
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RESUMEN La OMS/OPS admite que los patrones de conducta sexuales de los adolescentes y jóvenes han cambiado. Se afirma la consejería adolescente ha mostrado buenos resultados. Por ello el propósito de este estudio es evaluar un cuestionario que evaluará este tipo de intervención. Objetivos Establecer la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad de un instrumento para evaluar consejería en adolescentes asistentes al centro de salud Rucahueche. Métodos Estudio exploratorio con una muestra de 151 adolescentes entre 15 y 19 años, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado. La validez de constructo y de consistencia interna fue evaluada por análisis factorial y el Alfa de Cronbach, respectivamente. Resultados El análisis factorial identificó en 3 dimensiones 10 constructos, los cuales explicaron el 62% - 67% de su variabilidad. A su vez, el análisis de consistencia interna obtuvo una puntuación de alfa de 0,934. Conclusiones El instrumento mostró evidencias de validez de constructo y de confiabilidad. Dichos análisis indican la factibilidad de aplicación del instrumento. Sin embargo, la validación del instrumento aún es un reto, debido a su relevancia para una mirada más profunda sobre la atención y la gestión en la atención de adolescentes. Por tanto, se considerará seguir haciendo estudios para explorar su dimensionalidad y validez de contenido.
ABSTRACT The WHO/PAHO admits that the sexual behavior patterns of adolescents and young people have changed. It is claimed adolescent counseling has shown good results. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate a questionnaire that will evaluate this type of intervention. Objectives To establish the construct validity and reliability of an instrument for assessing adolescent counseling attending the health center Rucahueche. Methods An exploratory study with a sample of 151 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years, who were applied a self-administered questionnaire. Construct validity and internal consistency was assessed by factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Results: Factor analysis identified three dimensions 10 constructs, which accounted for 62% -67% of its variability. In turn, analysis of internal consistency score was alpha of 0.934. Conclusions The instrument showed evidence of construct validity and reliability. These analyzes indícate the feasibility of the instrument. However, validation of the instrument is still a challenge, because of its relevance to a deeper look on the care and management in adolescent care. Therefore, it is deemed to continue doing studies to explore the dimensionality and content validity.
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Metal contamination is a recurring problem in Peru, caused mainly by mine tailings from a past active mining activity. The Ancash region has the largest number of environmental liabilities, which mobilizes high levels of metals and acid drainages into soils and freshwater sources, posing a standing risk on human and environmental health. Native plant species spontaneously growing on naturally acidified soils and acid mine tailings show a unique tolerance to high metal concentrations and are thus potential candidates for soil phytoremediation. However, little is known about their propagation capacity and metal accumulation under controlled conditions. In this study, we aimed at characterizing nine native plant species, previously identified as potential hyperaccumulators, from areas impacted by mine tailings in the Ancash region. Plants were grown on mine soils under greenhouse conditions during 5 months, after which the concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn was analyzed in roots, shoots, and soils. The bioaccumulation (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated to determine the amount of each metal accumulated in the roots and shoots and to identify which species could be better suited for phytoremediation purposes. Soil samples contained high Cd (6.50-49.80 mg/kg), Cu (159.50-1187.00 mg/kg), Ni (3.50-8.70 mg/kg), Pb (1707.00-4243.00 mg/kg), and Zn (909.00-7100.00 mg/kg) concentrations exceeding national environmental quality standards. After exposure to mine tailings, concentrations of metals in shoots were highest in Werneria nubigena (Cd, 16.68 mg/kg; Cu, 41.36 mg/kg; Ni, 26.85 mg/kg; Zn, 1691.03 mg/kg), Pennisetum clandestinum (Pb, 236.86 mg/kg), and Medicago lupulina (Zn, 1078.10 mg/kg). Metal concentrations in the roots were highest in Juncus bufonius (Cd, 34.34 mg/kg; Cu, 251.07 mg/kg; Ni, 6.60 mg/kg; Pb, 718.44 mg/kg) and M. lupulina (Zn, 2415.73 mg/kg). The greatest BAF was calculated for W. nubigena (Cd, 1.92; Cu, 1.20; Ni, 6.50; Zn, 3.50) and J. bufonius (Ni, 3.02; Zn, 1.30); BCF for Calamagrostis recta (Cd, 1.09; Cu, 1.80; Ni, 1.09), J. bufonius (Cd, 3.91; Cu, 1.79; Ni, 18.36), and Achyrocline alata (Ni, 137; Zn, 1.85); and TF for W. nubigena (Cd, 2.36; Cu, 1.70; Ni, 2.42; Pb, 1.17; Zn, 1.43), A. alata (Cd, 1.14; Pb, 1.94), J. bufonius (Ni, 2.72; Zn, 1.63), and P. clandestinum (Zn, 1.14). Our results suggest that these plant species have a great potential for soil phytoremediation, given their capability to accumulate and transfer metals and their tolerance to highly metal-polluted environments in the Andean region.
Assuntos
Metais Pesados/farmacocinética , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes do Solo/farmacocinética , Biodegradação Ambiental , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental/métodos , Metais Pesados/análise , Mineração , Peru , Raízes de Plantas/química , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Brotos de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Brotos de Planta/metabolismo , Plantas/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/análiseAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Hallux Valgus/cirurgia , Osteotomia/efeitos adversos , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Objetivo: Establecer la efectividad de intervención preventiva y limitación del daño por caries dental en la primera molar permanente, en escolares de 7 a 8 años; posterior a 3 y 6 meses de aplicada. Metodología: Esta investigación fue de tipo intervención cuasi experimental, dirigida a la prevención y limitación del daño por caries en las Primeras Molares Permanentes (PMP) de 150 escolares de centros educativos públicos. Fueron atendidas 568 PMP en total, en las que se aplicó 314 sellantes de fosas y fisuras preventivos, 124 sellantes curativos, 36 remineralizaciones con flúor barniz y 130 obturaciones. Posterior a 3 y 6 meses se efectuó la evaluación de caries y de la condición de los tratamientos (sellantes y obturaciones) para medir la efectividad. La prueba estadística utilizada para el análisis de los datos fue la de McNemar. Resultados: Posterior a 3 y 6 meses de aplicada la intervención, se encontraron respectivamente el 96.8% y 94.2% de molares sanas; en tanto que, en cuanto a supervivencia de tratamientos se encontró de 88% y 72.9% respectivamente. Conclusión: La intervención mostró a 3 y 6 meses, ser efectiva para prevenir y limitar el daño por caries dental en la primera molar permanente.
Objective: To establish the effectiveness of preventive intervention and limitation of damage by caries, in the first permanent molar (FPM), in scholar children from 7 to 8 years; after 3 and 6 months of being applied. Methodology: This research was a quasi-experimental dental intervention type, directed to the prevention and limitation of damage by caries in the first permanent molars of 150 scholar children, attending public schools. In total, 568 FPM were intervened; in which 314 preventive sealing of tooth cavities and fissures, were applied, as well as 124 healing sealants, 36 remineralization with varnish fluoride and 130 obturations (fillings). Afterwards to 3 and 6 months, the evaluation of caries and the condition of the treatments (sealants and obturations) was developed, to measure their effectiveness. The statistical test used for the analysis of the data was that of McNemar. Results: Afterwards to 3 and 6 months the dental intervention was applied; 96.8% and 94.2% of healthy molars was obtained, respectively; and, 88%; 72.9% permanence (survival) of treatments respectively. Conclusion: The intervention showed effectiveness to prevent and limit the damage by dental caries in first permanent molar; after 3 and 6 months of being done.