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BACKGROUND: Ventricular shunts are one of the most frequent techniques used for the management of hydrocephalus. The ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is the most commonly performed procedure, and the ventriculoatrial shunt (VAS) is the second option in most medical centers. The main objective of this study is to introduce and describe a surgical approach for VAS outlining our experience and comparing it with traditional shunting techniques. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort comparison study, we included patients with hydrocephalus treated with a surgical procedure between January 2010 and February 2021 at a single academic institution. We categorized the procedures into two groups: patients with VPS and conventional VAS grouped together into the conventional technique (CT) group, and the second group was patients with whom we performed VAS with complete internal jugular vein occlusion (IJVOT). We compared the surgical time, postoperative complications, and occurrence of shunt failure among the groups by performing univariate analysis using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Out of the 106 patients included in the analysis, IJVOT was performed in 66 patients, and CT in 40 patients. The median surgical time was 60 min (IQR 60-90) for IJVOT versus 100 min (IQR 60-120) for CT (p < 0.01). In the follow-up a month after the procedure, 83.3% of patients with IJVOT and 62.5% of patients with CT did not require shunt removal or shunt revision (p < 0.01). Shunt revision rates were 12.5% and 1.5% for CT while 1.5% and 2.5% for IJVOT at 1 and 6 months after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that VAS with IJVOT is a safe method that exhibited shorter surgical times and outcomes comparable to CT. However, since the present study represents the first cohort evaluating IJVOT, it is imperative to conduct larger prospective studies, along with clinical trials, to fully explore and establish efficacy, long-term outcomes, and an in-depth comparison among shunting techniques.
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Surgical treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis is controversial and aims at restoring the spinopelvic sagittal balance through complete or partial reduction of the listhesis. Nerve decompression and interbody fusion are necessary for patients presenting with neurological deficit, severe pain, lower limb asymmetry, or deformities. We present the case and the results of a patient with high-grade spondylolisthesis, in whom minimally invasive management was performed. A narrative review in this topic is also provided. We performed a literature review of high-grade spondylolisthesis to compare our technique to current surgical alternatives. We included articles from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, and Science Direct published between 1963 and 2022 that were written in English, German, and Spanish. The terms used were the following: "high grade spondylolisthesis," "spondyloptosis," "surgical management," "interbody fusion," and "arthrodesis." In all, 485 articles were displayed, from which we filtered 112 by title and abstract. At the end, 75 references were selected for the review. Different interbody fusion techniques can be used to correct the lumbosacral kyphosis and restore the spinopelvic parameters. A complete reduction of the listhesis is not always required. The surgical procedure carried out in our patient corresponds to the first known case of minimally invasive circumferential arthrodesis with iliac screws and sacral fixation in a high-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis. This approach guarantees the correction of the lumbosacral kyphosis and a complete reduction of the listhesis. Further studies are required to determine whether the results of this case can be extrapolated to other patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis.
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BACKGROUND: Identification of cognitive impairment is based traditionally on the neuropsychological tests and biomarkers that are not available widely. This study aimed to establish the association between motor function (gait speed and handgrip strength) and cognitive performance in the Mini-Mental State Examination, globally and by domains. A secondary goal was calculating a cut-off point for gait speed and handgrip strength to classify older adults as cognitively impaired. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of SABE Colombia (Salud, Bienestar & Envejecimiento), a survey that was conducted in 2015 on health, wellbeing, and aging in Colombia. This study used linear regression models to search for an association between motor function and cognitive performance. The accuracy of motor function measurements in identifying cognitive impairment was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. This study also analyzed other clinical and sociodemographical variables. RESULTS: Gait speed was associated with orientation (r 2 = 0.16), language (r 2 = 0.15), recall memory (r 2 = 0.14), and counting (r 2 = 0.08). Similarly, handgrip strength was associated with orientation (r 2 = 0.175), language (r 2 = 0.164), recall memory (r 2 = 0.137), and counting (r 2 = 0.08). To differentiate older adults with and without cognitive impairment, a gait speed cut-off point of 0.59 m/s had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.629 (0.613-0.646), and a weak handgrip (strength below 17.5 kg) had an AUC of 0.653 (0.645-0.661). The cut-off points for handgrip strength and gait speed were significantly higher in male participants. CONCLUSIONS: Gait speed and handgrip strength are similarly associated with the cognitive performance, exhibiting the most extensive association with orientation and language domains of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Gait speed and handgrip strength can easily be measured by any clinician, and they prove to be useful screening tools to detect cognitive impairment.
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Resumen El síndrome de ovario poliquístico, es la alteración endocrina metabólica más frecuente en mujeres en edad fértil, teniendo implicaciones a nivel reproductivo, metabólico, cardiovascular y psicosocial. Actualmente, su sobrediagnóstico corresponde a una problemática común derivada de la heterogeneidad en la aplicación de los criterios actualmente avalados para su hallazgo, lo que ha contribuido en el incremento de tratamientos innecesarios, así como los efectos negativos en la calidad de vida y el bienestar de las pacientes falsamente calificadas con este trastorno. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed-MENDELEY y Ovid entre los meses de Febrero a Abril del 2020, obteniendo 43 artículos relacionados con el tema, publicados en los últimos 10 años. El conocimiento por parte del personal médico capacitado sobre los consensos actuales para la correcta evaluación del síndrome y el estudio individualizado de cada caso, corresponden las medidas más apropiadas para la reducción del sobrediagnóstico. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(3):21-28
Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most frequent metabolic endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age, having implications at both the reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular and psychosocial levels. Currently, its overdiagnosis corresponds to a common problem derived from the heterogeneity in the application of the criteria currently endorsed for its discovery, which has contributed to the increase in unnecessary treatments, as well as the negative effects on the quality of life and well-being of falsely rated patients with this disorder. A search was made in PubMed-MENDELEY and Ovid between the months of February to April of 2020, obtaining 43 articles related to the topic, published in the last 10 years. The knowledge on the part of the trained medical personnel about the current consensuses for the correct evaluation of the syndrome and the individualized study of each case, correspond to the most appropriate measures for the reduction of this event. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(3):21-28