RESUMO
Osteoporosis is an osteometabolic disease, which promotes structural degradation of bone tissue and reduction of mineral density. We reported here a mechanical resistance assay from normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic trabecular vertebral bones of human cadavers. We performed a compressed test on ninety samples, evaluating Young's modulus and X-ray microtomography to measure bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness. This experimental data are employed for computing the orthotropic macroscopic behavior of vertebral trabecular bones using known analytical formulae that were obtained by Galka et al. (Arch Mech 51: 335-355, 1999) via an asymptotic homogenization model. A geometrical model with a periodic orthogonal plate-like structure is applied. The properties of the bone-trabecular mass are considered linear, homogeneous and orthotropic. Average values for all technical or engineering elastic properties are computed for three important regions of the trabecular bones corresponding to thirty individuals classified as normal, osteopenic or osteoporotic by calcaneus ultrassometry. This study could be useful for a better understanding of the elastic behavior of trabecular bones in human vertebral bodies, allowing an estimation of bone answer under stress in different directions and the risk of fracture associated with osteoporosis.HighlightsDescribing the elastic behavior of trabecular bones in human vertebral bodies at the micro and macroscopic.Allow a better estimation of the stress in different directions and risk of fracture associated with osteoporosis.Model request a very low computational cost.Offer a better understand the global effective coefficients of samples of trabecular bone, from the model of a periodic unit cell, in the format orthogonal plate-like structure with homogeneous bone mass.
Assuntos
Osso Esponjoso/fisiopatologia , Osteoporose/fisiopatologia , Coluna Vertebral/fisiopatologia , Densidade Óssea , Osso Esponjoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Módulo de Elasticidade , Elasticidade , Humanos , Masculino , Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Microtomografia por Raio-XRESUMO
The extraction conditions and chromatographic analysis from seeds of Inga edulis were optimized and provided one anthocyanin from aqueous fraction and a mixture of three anthocyanins from methanolic fraction. The pure anthocyanin obtained was subjected to structural modifications and the products obtained were subjected to chemical and pharmacological assays, as well as quantum chemical calculations based on DFT and TD-DFT methods. Hence, the anthocyanin fractions were evaluated for their chemical-pharmacological potential through chemical and biological assays: antioxidant activity by the DPPH, determination of the Solar Protection Factor (SPF) and cytotoxic activity (hepatocellular carcinoma infected with hepatitis C virus). The results indicated that even the anthocyanin and derivatized compounds having high antioxidant potential showed an SPF lower than six, which is lower than the minimum accepted by current Brazilian legislation. In addition, none of compounds presented significant cytotoxic activity against the tumour cell line studied.
Assuntos
Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Fabaceae/química , Antocianinas/análise , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Brasil , Teoria da Densidade Funcional , Frutas/química , Células Hep G2/virologia , Hepacivirus/patogenicidade , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
The present paper describes Heliconius hermathena curua Freitas & Ramos ssp. nov. This subspecies exhibits a non-mimetic phenotype typical of H. hermathena, but is characterized by the merging of the yellow streak over the forewing cubitus with the red postmedian band in the dorsal forewing. The subspecies is known from two localities in the south of Altamira, Pará State, Brazil, where it inhabits an isolated patch of "campina" vegetation more than 600 km from the nearest known H. hermathena populations. Geographic isolation of the population is supported by molecular data; based on the mitochondrial gene COI, all individuals of H. hermathena curuassp. nov. form a monophyletic group and all haplotypes found in it are unique, suggesting that gene flow is not currently on-going. Given the fragile situation of Amazonian white sand forests and the proximity of the population to areas of intensive agriculture, this new subspecies and its habitat deserve attention.
Assuntos
Borboletas/classificação , Filogenia , Animais , Brasil , Ecossistema , Feminino , Haplótipos , MasculinoRESUMO
Frugivorous birds are important seed dispersers and influence the recruitment of many plant species in the rainforest. The efficiency of this dispersal generally depends on environment quality, bird species, richness and diversity of resources, and low levels of anthropogenic disturbance. In this study, we compared the sighting number of dusky-legged guans (Penelope obscura) by km and their movement in two areas of Serra do Japi, one around the administrative base (Base) where birds received anthropogenic food and a pristine area (DAE) with no anthropogenic resource. We also compared the richness of native seeds in feces of birds living in these two areas. Although the abundance of P. obscura was higher in the Base, these individuals moved less, dispersed 80% fewer species of plants and consumed 30% fewer seeds than individuals from DAE. The rarefaction indicated a low richness in the frugivorous diet of birds from the Base when compared to the populations from DAE. We conclude that human food supply can interfere in the behavior of these birds and in the richness of native seeds dispersed.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Cadeia Alimentar , Galliformes/fisiologia , Dispersão de Sementes , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Brasil , Florestas , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
Frugivorous birds are important seed dispersers and influence the recruitment of many plant species in the rainforest. The efficiency of this dispersal generally depends on environment quality, bird species, richness and diversity of resources, and low levels of anthropogenic disturbance. In this study, we compared the sighting number of dusky-legged guans (Penelope obscura) by km and their movement in two areas of Serra do Japi, one around the administrative base (Base) where birds received anthropogenic food and a pristine area (DAE) with no anthropogenic resource. We also compared the richness of native seeds in feces of birds living in these two areas. Although the abundance of P. obscura was higher in the Base, these individuals moved less, dispersed 80% fewer species of plants and consumed 30% fewer seeds than individuals from DAE. The rarefaction indicated a low richness in the frugivorous diet of birds from the Base when compared to the populations from DAE. We conclude that human food supply can interfere in the behavior of these birds and in the richness of native seeds dispersed.(AU)
Aves frugívoras são importantes dispersoras de sementes e influenciam no recrutamento de muitas espécies na floresta tropical. A eficiência dessa dispersão geralmente depende da qualidade do meio ambiente, das espécies de aves envolvidas, da riqueza e diversidade de recursos e de baixos níveis de impactos antrópicos. Neste estudo nós comparamos o número de avistamentos de jacuguaçus (Penelope obscura) por Km e seus movimentos em duas áreas na Serra do Japí, uma no entorno da base administrativa (Base) onde as aves receberam alimentos antropogênicos e outra em área pristina (DAE) sem fornecimento de alimentos humanos. Também comparamos a riqueza de sementes nativas nas fezes das aves que vivem nestas duas áreas. Embora a abundância de P. obscura tenha sido maior na Base, esses indivíduos deslocaram-se menos, dispersaram 80% menos espécies de plantas e consumiram 30% menos sementes do que os indivíduos do DAE. A rarefação indicou uma baixa riqueza na dieta frugívora das aves da Base quando comparada às populações do DAE. Concluímos que o fornecimento de alimentos humanos pode interferir no comportamento dessas aves e na riqueza de espécies de sementes nativas dispersadas.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Comportamento , Conservação dos Recursos NaturaisRESUMO
Abstract Frugivorous birds are important seed dispersers and influence the recruitment of many plant species in the rainforest. The efficiency of this dispersal generally depends on environment quality, bird species, richness and diversity of resources, and low levels of anthropogenic disturbance. In this study, we compared the sighting number of dusky-legged guans (Penelope obscura) by km and their movement in two areas of Serra do Japi, one around the administrative base (Base) where birds received anthropogenic food and a pristine area (DAE) with no anthropogenic resource. We also compared the richness of native seeds in feces of birds living in these two areas. Although the abundance of P. obscura was higher in the Base, these individuals moved less, dispersed 80% fewer species of plants and consumed 30% fewer seeds than individuals from DAE. The rarefaction indicated a low richness in the frugivorous diet of birds from the Base when compared to the populations from DAE. We conclude that human food supply can interfere in the behavior of these birds and in the richness of native seeds dispersed.
Resumo Aves frugívoras são importantes dispersoras de sementes e influenciam no recrutamento de muitas espécies na floresta tropical. A eficiência dessa dispersão geralmente depende da qualidade do meio ambiente, das espécies de aves envolvidas, da riqueza e diversidade de recursos e de baixos níveis de impactos antrópicos. Neste estudo nós comparamos o número de avistamentos de jacuguaçus (Penelope obscura) por Km e seus movimentos em duas áreas na Serra do Japí, uma no entorno da base administrativa (Base) onde as aves receberam alimentos antropogênicos e outra em área pristina (DAE) sem fornecimento de alimentos humanos. Também comparamos a riqueza de sementes nativas nas fezes das aves que vivem nestas duas áreas. Embora a abundância de P. obscura tenha sido maior na Base, esses indivíduos deslocaram-se menos, dispersaram 80% menos espécies de plantas e consumiram 30% menos sementes do que os indivíduos do DAE. A rarefação indicou uma baixa riqueza na dieta frugívora das aves da Base quando comparada às populações do DAE. Concluímos que o fornecimento de alimentos humanos pode interferir no comportamento dessas aves e na riqueza de espécies de sementes nativas dispersadas.
Assuntos
Animais , Cadeia Alimentar , Galliformes/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Dispersão de Sementes , Brasil , Florestas , Dinâmica Populacional , Distribuição AnimalRESUMO
A population of Parides anchises nephalion was studied during seven months in SE Brazil. The population size was about 10-20 individuals (with theoretic maximum near 60 individuals), with small variations in some months. Sex ratio was male biased, with males dominating in all months. The age structure was not stable, with an increase in new individuals before the population peak in December. The residence time was 14.1 8.2 days for males and 9.0 3.6 to females, with the maximum registered of 30 days. Males can travel distances of up to 400 m, but most individuals were always recaptured in the same site. The mean forewing length was greater in females. The population features agree with those found in other species of Parides in other neotropical sites
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Borboletas , Brasil , Clima , Periodicidade , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
A population of Parides anchises nephalion was studied during seven months in SE Brazil. The population size was about 10-20 individuals (with theoretical maximum near 60 individuals), with small variations in some months. Sex ratio was male biased, with males dominating in all months. The age structure was not stable, with an increase in new individuals before the population peak in December. The residence time was 14.1 +/- 8.2 days for males and 9.0 +/- 3.6 for females, with maximum registered of 30 days. Males can travel distances of up to 400 m, but most individuals were always recaptured in the same site. The mean forewing length was greater in females. The population features agree with those found in other species of Parities in other neotropical sites.
Assuntos
Borboletas/classificação , Animais , Brasil , Clima , Feminino , Masculino , Periodicidade , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolemia causes alterations in platelet function. Platelet hyperaggregation is considered a predisposing factor for atherosclerosis. In this paper, the antiaggregating effect of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine was studied on platelets of normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were fed with a cholesterol-enriched diet for 10 weeks. Lipids and glucose were determined in serum. The assays of platelet aggregation were carried out using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from both control and cholesterol-fed rabbits. We used 2.5 micromol /mL ADP and 2 microg/mL collagen as inductors of platelet aggregation. In addition, arginase activity and L-arginine content were determined in PRP. RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased from 26.3 +/- 8.1 to 1,485.0 +/- 26.8 mg/dL and from 15.9 +/- 5.9 to 1,383.8 +/- 58.9 mg/dL, respectively, whereas triglyceride concentration increased from 88.3 +/- 35.6 to 411.0 +/- 154.5 mg/dL upon cholesterol feeding. Seventy-five percent of platelet aggregation inhibition was observed with 10 microM of polyamines in PRP of normal rabbits. Spermine inhibited platelet aggregation by 54% in PRP of hypercholesterolemic rabbits when ADP was used as agonist. The order of polyamine action was spermine > spermidine > putrescine. In addition, we found that platelet arginase activity and L-arginine content were unaltered upon hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine have antagonist action in platelet aggregation and suggest a key role of polyamines in platelet aggregation under normal and hypercholesterolemic conditions.
Assuntos
Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Putrescina/uso terapêutico , Espermidina/uso terapêutico , Espermina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Arginase/sangue , Arginina/sangue , Arteriosclerose/etiologia , Arteriosclerose/prevenção & controle , Glicemia/análise , Plaquetas/química , Plaquetas/enzimologia , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Colesterol/sangue , Colesterol na Dieta/toxicidade , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Dieta Aterogênica , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Hipercolesterolemia/complicações , Masculino , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/farmacologia , Putrescina/farmacologia , Coelhos , Espermidina/farmacologia , Espermina/farmacologia , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Lesoes no membro superior sao de difícil reparaçao e com a finalidade de se obter melhores resultados utilizamos a expansao de tecidos. OBJETIVOS. Estudar a utilizaçao dos expansores de tecido para reparar perdas de substâncias no membro superior conseqüentes de retiradas de cicatrizes ou tatuagens. MÉTODOS. Foram estudados seis pacientes com sete áreas a serem reparadas no membro superior nos quais foram utilizados oito expansores de tecido. As lesoes eram conseqüentes de retirada de tatuagens em três pacientes (4 lesoes), de retirada de cicatrizes de queimaduras em dois pacientes e em um paciente era conseqüente de exérese de cicatriz por acidente na infância. RESULTADOS. Como complicaçao observamos em um paciente necrose de área vizinha à expansao, nao sendo conseqüente da expansao. Nao foram observadas outras complicaçoes. Quanto à efetividade da expansao, observamos que em 5 dos 6 pacientes a expansao possibilitou a reparaçao total da lesao. Quanto ao resultado estético, foram observados, em um paciente, resultado nao satisfatório, em outro, a formaçao de cicatriz hipertrófica, em outro, a formaçao de cicatriz hipertrófica, em outros quatro, o resultado estético foi bom. CONCLUSOES. A utilizaçao dos expansores de tecido no membro superior tem boa indicaçao, apresentando os tecidos do membro superior boa capacidade de expansao e com resultados estéticos bons. Nao foram observadas complicaçoes graves resultantes da expansao de tecidos no membro superior.