RESUMO
Producing of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) containing pleasant sensory notes depends on fruits quality and production process and is strongly associated with their classification that is based on aroma and sensory taste. Consolidated as an efficient method, the direct headspace solid phase microextraction technique (HS-SPME) was utilized to characterize the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile, which contributes to the aroma of olive oils from southwestern (Serra da Mantiqueira region) and southern (Campanha Gaúcha region) Brazil. In this work, the relationship between the VOCs and sensory characteristics has been established; 19 EVOO samples (12 from Campanha Gaúcha and 7 from Serra da Mantiqueira) were studied. Indeed, the main volatile compounds were analyzed and grouped by their classification as well stood up with the trained sensorial panel perceptions. Relevant correlation between artichoke notes and ripe EVOO and between herbaceous notes and green EVOO was found. Additional correlations were observed for C5 and C6 VOCs with green and fruit/floral notes. The results denote the high quality among the samples and imply that besides the genetic factor, ripe or green classification influenced the volatile composition. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: As the Brazilian olive oil production is increasing, knowing about different sensory characteristics and its correlation with the volatile compounds of extra virgin olive oil represents a good tool to improve the quality. Moreover, the application of direct SPME method was possible evidence in the differentiation of ripe and green olive oils, beyond the production region and in consonance with its sensory notes and characteristics.
Assuntos
Azeite de Oliva/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Frutas/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Humanos , Odorantes/análise , Olea/química , Microextração em Fase Sólida/métodos , PaladarRESUMO
RESUMO A violência provocada por parceiro íntimo é reconhecida mundialmente como um problema de saúde pública. Investigaram-se a prevalência e os fatores associados a esse tipo de violência em 470 mulheres usuárias da Atenção Primária à Saúde, em um município da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de estudo transversal, utilizando distribuições de frequência e teste Qui-quadrado de inúmeras variáveis e regressão logística final. Os resultados apontam que a violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno de alta frequência e pode estar associado à baixa escolaridade e ao consumo de álcool. A Atenção Primária à Saúde é um dos locais mais procurados pelas mulheres em situação de violência. Assim, é fundamental que os profissionais de saúde se envolvam no combate à violência contra a mulher.
ABSTRACT Violence caused by an intimate partner is recognized worldwide as a public health problem. It was investigated the prevalence and factors associated with this kind of violence in 470 women users of Primary Health Care, in a municipality of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. This is a cross-sectional study, using frequency distributions and Chi-square test of several variables and final logistic regression. The results indicate that violence against women is a high frequency phenomenon and can be associated to low education and alcohol consumption. Primary Health Care is one of the most required places by women in situation of violence. Therefore, is fundamental that health professionals become involved in combating violence against women.
RESUMO
Vale dos Vinhedos appellation of origin has a very recent history as industrial wine making region. In this study we investigated the genetic and phenotypic variability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from South-Brazilian vineyards in order to evaluate strain fermentation aptitude and copper and sulphites tolerance. Merlot grape bunches were collected from three vineyards and yeast isolation was performed after single bunch fermentation. High genotypic variability was found and most of the genotypes revealed to be vine-specific. No industrial strain dissemination was present in the sampled vineyards, although it has been wildly reported in traditional winemaking countries. From the phenotypic traits analysis these Brazilian native strains showed good fermentation performances, good tolerance to sulphites and, in particular, a high copper tolerance level. Copper is the most important metal in the formulation of fungicides against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), one of the most harmful disease of the vines, and other fungal pests. The high tolerance to copper suggests an environmental adaptation to the strong use of copper-based fungicides, requested by the wet subtropical climate.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Genótipo , Fenótipo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiologia , Agricultura , Brasil , Cobre/toxicidade , Sulfato de Cobre/toxicidade , DNA Fúngico/genética , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Fazendas , Fermentação , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Genes Fúngicos , Mapeamento Geográfico , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Cinética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/isolamento & purificação , Dióxido de Enxofre/toxicidade , Vitis/química , Vitis/microbiologia , Vinho/microbiologiaRESUMO
A violência contra a mulher ocorre em todo o mundo. Tem chamado a atenção, provocando discussões em diversos âmbitos da sociedade. As mulheres experimentam, ao longo da vida, vários tipos de violência como agressões verbais, físicas e sexuais, que podem ser cometidas pelo parceiro ou ex-parceiro, familiares, conhecidos ou estranhos. A violência contra a mulher pode causar danos físicos graves, incapacidades físicas permanentes e óbitos, além de problemas psicológicos causados indiretamente pela agressão, como transtornos mentais. São fatores de risco para a violência sexual praticada pelo parceiro íntimo a baixa escolaridade, a pobreza, vários parceiros sexuais e o uso nocivo do álcool. Para o enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher precisamos avançar tanto na prevenção como na organização de serviços de saúde. Desde 2003, no Brasil, é obrigatória a notificação compulsória, de casos de violência contra a mulher, nos serviços públicos e privados. Os ginecologistas podem, e devem, se integrar aos diversos profissionais que estudam o problema, pois têm, no seu cotidiano, a oportunidade de tomar conhecimento das agressões no ambiente familiar ou fora dele. Este artigo se propõe a realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a violência infligida contra a mulher, destacando a violência doméstica, especificamente a violência sexual provocada por parceiro íntimo.
Violence against women occurs worldwide. It has drawn attention, leading discussions in different areas of society. Women experience, lifelong, various types of violence such as verbal, physical and sexual, which may be committed by their husband, relatives, acquaintances or strangers. Violence against women can cause serious body harm, permanent disabilities and deaths, and psychological problems caused indirectly by aggression, as mental disorders. There are risk factors for sexual violence caused by intimate partner the poor education, poverty, multiple sexual partners and harmful use of alcohol. To confront violence against women is need to advance in both prevention and organization of health services. Since 2003 in Brazil is mandatory to report the cases of violence against women in public and private services. Gynecologists can, and should, integrate themselves to the various professionals who study the problem because they have in their daily lives, the opportunity to become aware of aggression in the family or outside. This article proposes to conduct a review of the literature about violence inflicted against women, highlighting domestic violence, specifically sexual violence caused by an intimate partner.