RESUMO
This study was designed to identify psychosocial variables affecting early infant feeding practices in Barbados. The sample included 93 healthy women and infants born at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital who were extensively evaluated 7 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after birth. Maternal moods were assessed with the Zung Depression and Anxiety Scales and the General Adjustment and Morale Scale. Feeding practices were evaluated using a questionnaire developed for this population. The prevalence of mild depression in this population was 16 percent at 7 weeks and increased to 19 percent at 6 months, whereas there were very few cases of moderate-to-severe depression. Disadvantaged environmental conditions, including less information-seeking by the mother, lower family income, and poor maternal health, were closely associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety in all women. However, significant predictive relationships between mood and feeding practices remained even when the effects of the home environment were controlled. Specifically, depressive symptoms at 7 weeks postpartum predicted a reduced preference for breastfeeding at current and later infant ages. Conversely, feeding practices did not predict maternal moods at later ages. These findings have important implications for public policy dealing with programs promoting breastfeeding. Early interventions designed to treat mild postnatal depression should be instituted early in the postpartum period to improve the chances for successful breastfeeding.(Au)
Assuntos
Adulto , Estudo Comparativo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Aleitamento Materno , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Mães/psicologia , Antropometria , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Barbados , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Seguimentos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ajustamento SocialAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , História do Século XX , Cuidado da Criança/história , CrechesRESUMO
Childhood origins of adult disease may be important in the Caribbean, for instance in the later sequelae, if any, of under and malnutrition. Several such hypotheses can be tested for diabetes, including severity of the initial episode(s) leading to pancreatic fibrosis, and weight gain after puberty, causing further B-cell stress. The 1985 WHO criteria defined a malnutrition-related diabetes (MRDM) category, but causal evidence is slim. We examined a series from a chort (N=311) of survivors of infant marasmus (M), Kwashiorkor (K) and age-matched controls (C), all followed since presentation, for over 20 years. Cases were defined on infant weight for age < 2 SDs below expected. Of the first 90 subjects invited, 84 (93 percent) attended for a standardized portocol by trained observers, of a full 2-hour glucose tolerance test and anthropometric measures. (The results are shown in a table). These preliminary results show that average catch-up growth was complete in these previously severely malnourished young adults. While fasting blood glucose (FG) results were similar, following challenge the 2 hr values (2hr G) were significantly higher in female M than respective C(t=3.25, p<0.001) not accounted for by their greater weight, and higher in all M than C (p=0.02). Waist/Hip ratios were no different. Thus, despite these young people being well-adapted in a generally favourable socioeconomic setting, there is some evidence of glucose intolerance following challenge. This could be a prodrome for later development of diabetes. As they are also the first to have responded to the follow-up invitation, those who may not respond may be less well-adapted and hence at even greater risk of glucose intolerance and perhaps other problems (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil , Barbados , Diabetes Mellitus , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Kwashiorkor , Peso-Idade , Peso-Estatura , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
This one of a series of studies on the long-term effects of early childhood malnutrition in Barbadian school children. This is the first report of the relationship between early malnutrition and later performance on a national examination administered to all 11-y-old children in Barbados to assign high school seats. We compared scores achieved on 11-plus examination by 103 boys and girls with histories of marasmus or kwashiorkor with those obtained by 63 healthy comparison children and also with scores obtained by the total island population of children during the same years. We report that children with histories of either type of malnutrition confined to infancy had significantly lower scores on the national high school examination than health comparison children. Reduced 11-plus scores were closely associated with teacher reports of attention deficits in the classroom documented when the children were as young as 5 to 8 y of age and also with IQ and academic performance. Early malnutrition had independent effects on performance on the 11-plus examination even when home environmental conditions were controlled for. These findings have important implications for future opportunities available to children with histories of infantile malnutrition. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Escolaridade , Kwashiorkor/psicologia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/psicologia , Barbados/epidemiologia , Comportamento Infantil , Avaliação Educacional , Inteligência , Kwashiorkor/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/epidemiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Humanos , Serviços de Saúde Bucal , Nível de Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estado Nutricional , Barbados , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Reports on a survey carried out to determine the health and nutritional status of Barbadians: establish trends in their health status: and discover whether the results of the health status of a random startified sample of pre-school children would confirm improvements in nutritional status based on hospital statistics. Investoigates the prevalence and association of nutrition-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and to correlate the findings with socio-economic factors while assessing the prevalence ofundernutrition among the vulnerable groups in the population. Recommends the need to implement measures for the prevention and control of diabetes and associated diseases: improving breastfeeding and weaning practices; monitoring child growth; strengthening dental health services and intensifying efforts to increase quantity and nutrient quality of food through home production(AU)