RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el perfil de viscosidad sanguínea y evaluar la influencia de factores plasmáticos ( fibrinógeno) y celulares ( agregación eritrocitaria ) en un grupo de pacientes hipertensos comparados con un grupo de paciente normotensos. Se trabajó con sangre anticoagulada de pacientes hipertensos no diabéticos (n=3) e indivíduos sanos (n=40). La viscosidad plasmática y de sangre entera se determinaron con un viscosímetro cono-plato. La agregación eritrocitaria se estudió por observación microscopia de los agregados y cuantificación a través de un parâmetro de forma denominado ASP ( Aggregation Shape Parameter), definido como la relación de área proyectada respecto al perímetro. El fibrinógeno se determino con un coagulómetro por el método de Clauss. Los valores de viscosidad de sangre entera resultaron significativamente aumentados en los pacientes hipertensos respecto de los normales para todas las velicidades estudiadas. Los valores de viscosidad plasmática solo presentaron diferencia significativas a bajas velocidades de corte (1.15 a 11.56 seg •1) . Los pacientes hipertensos presentaron agregados amorfos e irregulares, lo que se refleja en los valores alterados de ASP, significativamente mayores (p<0.001) en paciente hipertensos (0.69± 0.11) respecto de los indivíduos normales ( 0.25± 0.12). Los valores de fibrinógeno resultaron ligeramente superiores en los pacientes hipertensos respecto del grupo control (p< 0.01). Numerosos parámetros hemorreológicos juegan un papel importante en la patogénesis de la hipertensión. Entre estos factores hemorreológicos, valores parâmetros podrían estar en la hipertensión ( hematrocito, fibrinógeno plasmático, deformabilidad y agragación eritrocitaria , viscosidad sanguínea y plasmática). En este trabajo, se pudo demostrar anormalidades en la agregación eritrocitaria, detectada por los valores de ASP que podría estar involucrado en las complicaciones vasculares de la hipertensión.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el perfil de viscosidad sanguínea y evaluar la influencia de factores plasmáticos ( fibrinógeno) y celulares ( agregación eritrocitaria ) en un grupo de pacientes hipertensos comparados con un grupo de paciente normotensos. Se trabajó con sangre anticoagulada de pacientes hipertensos no diabéticos (n=3) e indivíduos sanos (n=40). La viscosidad plasmática y de sangre entera se determinaron con un viscosímetro cono-plato. La agregación eritrocitaria se estudió por observación microscopia de los agregados y cuantificación a través de un parÔmetro de forma denominado ASP ( Aggregation Shape Parameter), definido como la relación de área proyectada respecto al perímetro. El fibrinógeno se determino con un coagulómetro por el método de Clauss. Los valores de viscosidad de sangre entera resultaron significativamente aumentados en los pacientes hipertensos respecto de los normales para todas las velicidades estudiadas. Los valores de viscosidad plasmática solo presentaron diferencia significativas a bajas velocidades de corte (1.15 a 11.56 seg ò1) . Los pacientes hipertensos presentaron agregados amorfos e irregulares, lo que se refleja en los valores alterados de ASP, significativamente mayores (p<0.001) en paciente hipertensos (0.69± 0.11) respecto de los indivíduos normales ( 0.25± 0.12). Los valores de fibrinógeno resultaron ligeramente superiores en los pacientes hipertensos respecto del grupo control (p< 0.01). Numerosos parámetros hemorreológicos juegan un papel importante en la patogénesis de la hipertensión. Entre estos factores hemorreológicos, valores parÔmetros podrían estar en la hipertensión ( hematrocito, fibrinógeno plasmático, deformabilidad y agragación eritrocitaria , viscosidad sanguínea y plasmática). En este trabajo, se pudo demostrar anormalidades en la agregación eritrocitaria, detectada por los valores de ASP que podría estar involucrado en las complicaciones vasculares de la hipertensión. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The erythrocytes deformation under shear stress, the viscoelastic properties and the effects observed on healthy donors and on dyslipidemic patients are investigated from the point of view of nonlinear dynamics. Finally it is suggested that the different results obtained could be useful with regard to pathophysiological disturbances and their treatment.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A problem in immunohematology is to define the antibody quality which is related to its affinity expressed by the equilibrium constant. The activity of an antibody can be measured by the strength of its interaction, related to the adhesive energy exchanged during RBC agglutination which depends on the antigen-antibody liaison strength. To estimate this adhesive energy, two methods are used in this paper. Firstly, the dissociation behaviour of suspended RBC agglutinates was analysed by laser backscattering intensity (r) in a Couette flow. Backscattered intensity issued from shear-induced mechanical dissociation is recorded and submitted to a numerical process to obtain the energy parameter (ED). Secondly, a modification of this technique is proposed for measuring specific binding energy. Samples were exposed to increasing shear stress, and backscattered intensity was recorded. A constant increase of this intensity with raising shear stress was observed, pointed to a progressive dissociation of RBC agglutinates into smaller ones. Considering that complete dissociation of agglutinates is only approached asymptotically it is assumed that the final break-up of doublets (two-cell agglutinates) is produced at a critical shear stress (tauC) reflecting the work done to breaking-up the molecular bridges between both adjacent cells. This shear stress is defined by the extrapolation of the linear part of the curves [r-log tau] to the backscattered signal (r0) corresponding to the complete dispersion of RBCs. These approaches permit to define the specific surface adhesive energy (Gamma) by using the Derjaguin relation and to assess the functional characterization of specific immunoglobulins. In conclusion, two parameters characterizing monoclonal antibody agglutination properties, ED and Gamma, were estimated by laser backscattering methods, which could be very useful for antibodies quality control.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation has been widely studied and its importance is well established in the rheology of microcirculation. RBC aggregation is a major factor responsible for the flow properties of blood. Increased RBC aggregation has been observed in several pathological states. Therefore, the measurement of erythrocyte aggregation is rheologically important for quantifying flow abnormality in pathological conditions. Normal RBC under low flow or at rest form rouleaux aggregates, while abnormal RBC aggregation may lead to the formation of irregular aggregate structures, which may be induced by cell-associated factors (reduced membrane sialic acid levels) but also by extracellular factors. The main objective of the present investigation was to study RBC aggregate morphology in diabetic patients, using direct microscopic observation and numerical processing of recorded digitized images. Blood samples were obtained from 20 diabetic patients and from 15 normal control subjects. The aggregate morphology was quantified by the so-called Aggregate Shape Parameter (ASP) defined as the ratio of the aggregate projected area to its square perimeter. ASP appeared significantly higher (p < 10(-5)) in diabetic patients (0.65 +/- 0.18) than in normal controls (0.28 +/- 0.15). This rheo-optical method based on the theoretical model for rouleaux aggregates provides a useful reference for measuring deviations of RBC aggregate morphology. Increased aggregation of RBC resulting from a decreased sialylation of glycophorins may be an important factor in the development of vascular diseases and in the microcirculation impairment.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation has been widely studied and its importance is well established in the rheology of microcirculation. RBC aggregation is a major factor responsible for the flow properties of blood. Increased RBC aggregation has been observed in several pathological states. Therefore, the measurement of erythrocyte aggregation is rheologically important for quantifying flow abnormality in pathological conditions. Normal RBC under low flow or at rest form rouleaux aggregates, while abnormal RBC aggregation may lead to the formation of irregular aggregate structures, which may be induced by cell-associated factors (reduced membrane sialic acid levels) but also by extracellular factors. The main objective of the present investigation was to study RBC aggregate morphology in diabetic patients, using direct microscopic observation and numerical processing of recorded digitized images. Blood samples were obtained from 20 diabetic patients and from 15 normal control subjects. The aggregate morphology was quantified by the so-called Aggregate Shape Parameter (ASP) defined as the ratio of the aggregate projected area to its square perimeter. ASP appeared significantly higher (p < 10(-5)) in diabetic patients (0.65 +/- 0.18) than in normal controls (0.28 +/- 0.15). This rheo-optical method based on the theoretical model for rouleaux aggregates provides a useful reference for measuring deviations of RBC aggregate morphology. Increased aggregation of RBC resulting from a decreased sialylation of glycophorins may be an important factor in the development of vascular diseases and in the microcirculation impairment.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation has been widely studied and its importance is well established in the rheology of microcirculation. RBC aggregation is a major factor responsible for the flow properties of blood. Increased RBC aggregation has been observed in several pathological states. Therefore, the measurement of erythrocyte aggregation is rheologically important for quantifying flow abnormality in pathological conditions. Normal RBC under low flow or at rest form rouleaux aggregates, while abnormal RBC aggregation may lead to the formation of irregular aggregate structures, which may be induced by cell-associated factors (reduced membrane sialic acid levels) but also by extracellular factors. The main objective of the present investigation was to study RBC aggregate morphology in diabetic patients, using direct microscopic observation and numerical processing of recorded digitized images. Blood samples were obtained from 20 diabetic patients and from 15 normal control subjects. The aggregate morphology was quantified by the so-called Aggregate Shape Parameter (ASP) defined as the ratio of the aggregate projected area to its square perimeter. ASP appeared significantly higher (p < 10(-5)) in diabetic patients (0.65 +/- 0.18) than in normal controls (0.28 +/- 0.15). This rheo-optical method based on the theoretical model for rouleaux aggregates provides a useful reference for measuring deviations of RBC aggregate morphology. Increased aggregation of RBC resulting from a decreased sialylation of glycophorins may be an important factor in the development of vascular diseases and in the microcirculation impairment.

RESUMO

A numerical method is proposed to evaluate the fractal correlation coefficient on viscoelastic properties of mammalian erythrocyte membranes from the diffractometric data obtained with the erythrodeformeter [16]. The numerical method is formulated on the basis of the fractal approximation for ordinary Brownian motion (OBM) and fractionary Brownian motion (FBM) [10]. Photometric readings performed on the elliptical diffraction pattern, generated by the shear elongated cells and photometrically recorded curves of creep and recovery of cells, are used in the calculations of self-affine Brownian correlation coefficient, averaged over several millions of cells. The time dependence of the correlation coefficient from different hematological disorders and also from healthy donors was calculated, and significative differences were found between both results. Diffractometric data belonging to healthy donors behaves as white noise, while data series from different disease were found to be chaotic.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Human erythrocytes have a well-defined lifespan of 120 days. Their eventual removal from circulation is a complex process affected by many cellular parameters, making them susceptible to sequestration in the spleen and other organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate putative changes in rheologic properties, antigenic expression and interaction with monocytes of senescent erythrocytes (SE). SE and young erythrocyte (YE) fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation from 20 healthy donor blood samples. Membrane rheomechanic properties (by diffractometric method), ABO and MN antigens reactivity and erythrophagocytosis by peripheral monocytes were investigated in each fractions. SE showed a little decrease in the deformability index and an increase of both membrane elastic modulus and surface viscosity. The studies performed indicate a decreased expression in the antigens of both blood group systems studied (p < 0.01) and an increased rate of erythrophagocytosis by monocytes in SE compared to YE (p < 0.01). The significant modifications in the biomechanic properties of senescent red blood cell membrane and the loss of antigenic expression could lead to physiological phagocytosis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Human erythrocytes have a well-defined lifespan of 120 days. Their eventual removal from circulation is a complex process affected by many cellular parameters, making them susceptible to sequestration in the spleen and other organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate putative changes in rheologic properties, antigenic expression and interaction with monocytes of senescent erythrocytes (SE). SE and young erythrocyte (YE) fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation from 20 healthy donor blood samples. Membrane rheomechanic properties (by diffractometric method), ABO and MN antigens reactivity and erythrophagocytosis by peripheral monocytes were investigated in each fractions. SE showed a little decrease in the deformability index and an increase of both membrane elastic modulus and surface viscosity. The studies performed indicate a decreased expression in the antigens of both blood group systems studied (p < 0.01) and an increased rate of erythrophagocytosis by monocytes in SE compared to YE (p < 0.01). The significant modifications in the biomechanic properties of senescent red blood cell membrane and the loss of antigenic expression could lead to physiological phagocytosis.