RESUMO

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação das equipes multiprofissionais na sua interface com as equipes Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no fortalecimento do cuidado das pessoas com obesidade, nas regiões e estados do Brasil, a partir do 3° ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Isso é feito por meio das informações sobre o processo de trabalho e a organização do cuidado aos usuários. Nos resultados, pode-se identificar uma divisão entre ações realizadas por 90% ou mais das equipes (intervenção em agravos nutricionais, promoção da alimentação saudável e registro de dados antropométrico), consideradas ações mais tradicionais, e outras que são mais recentes na agenda de alimentação e nutrição e demandam atuação intersetorial, realizadas por cerca de metade das equipes (desenvolvimento de linhas de cuidado, realização de hortas e oficinas culinárias). Os melhores resultados são da região nordeste, que possui maior quantitativo de equipes multiprofissionais. Diante dos retrocessos no âmbito da agenda governamental de saúde implementada no período de 2019 a 2022, destaca-se que a defesa da permanência das equipes multiprofissionais é essencial para garantir a integralidade e o fortalecimento do cuidado nutricional às pessoas com obesidade.

This article aims to analyze the performance of multidisciplinary teams in their interface with PHC teams in supporting the care of people with obesity in the regions and states of Brazil from the 3rd cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB), through information about the work process and the organization of care for users. In the results, a division can be identified between actions carried out by 90% or more of the teams (intervention in nutritional problems, promotion of healthy eating, and recording of anthropometric data) and which are considered more traditional and more recent actions. The food and nutrition agenda requires intersectoral action, which is carried out by around half of the teams (development of lines of care, creation of vegetable gardens, and culinary workshops). The best results are from the northeast region, which has the most significant number of multidisciplinary teams. Given the setbacks within the scope of the governmental health agenda implemented from 2019 to 2022, it is highlighted that defending the permanence of interdisciplinary teams is essential to guarantee comprehensiveness and strengthen nutritional care for people with obesity.

RESUMO

Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for falls in older adults, but the effects of body fat distribution and its interaction with other factors are not well established. OBJECTIVES: To verify the occurrence of falls among older adults with and without abdominal obesity and the effects of sociodemographic, health, and behavioral variables on this outcome. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study in an urban area of Alcobaça, Brazil. METHODS: Men and women older than 60 years with (270) and without (184) abdominal obesity were included. Sociodemographic, health, and behavioral data were collected using validated questionnaires in Brazil. Descriptive and path analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The occurrence of falls was high in participants with abdominal obesity (33.0%). In both groups, a higher number of morbidities (β = 0.25, P < 0.001; β = 0.26, P = 0.002) was directly associated with a higher occurrence of falls. Among participants without abdominal obesity, a lower number of medications (β = -0.16; P = 0.04), a higher number of depressive symptoms (β = 0.15; P = 0.04), worse performance on the agility and dynamic balance tests (β = 0.37; P < 0.001), and lower functional disability for basic activities of daily living (β = -0.21; P = 0.006) were directly associated with the occurrence of falls. CONCLUSION: Adults older than 60 years with abdominal obesity have a higher prevalence of falls. Different factors were associated with the occurrence of falls in both groups.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for falls in older adults, but the effects of body fat distribution and its interaction with other factors are not well established. OBJECTIVES: To verify the occurrence of falls among older adults with and without abdominal obesity and the effects of sociodemographic, health, and behavioral variables on this outcome. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study in an urban area of Alcobaça, Brazil. METHODS: Men and women older than 60 years with (270) and without (184) abdominal obesity were included. Sociodemographic, health, and behavioral data were collected using validated questionnaires in Brazil. Descriptive and path analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The occurrence of falls was high in participants with abdominal obesity (33.0%). In both groups, a higher number of morbidities (ß = 0.25, P < 0.001; ß = 0.26, P = 0.002) was directly associated with a higher occurrence of falls. Among participants without abdominal obesity, a lower number of medications (ß = -0.16; P = 0.04), a higher number of depressive symptoms (ß = 0.15; P = 0.04), worse performance on the agility and dynamic balance tests (ß = 0.37; P < 0.001), and lower functional disability for basic activities of daily living (ß = -0.21; P = 0.006) were directly associated with the occurrence of falls. CONCLUSION: Adults older than 60 years with abdominal obesity have a higher prevalence of falls. Different factors were associated with the occurrence of falls in both groups.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo O presente estudo ecológico descritivo objetivou analisar o papel indutor de um incentivo financeiro federal repassado aos municípios brasileiros em 2020, em meio à pandemia de COVID-19, no aumento do número de atendimentos individuais para a condição de obesidade na atenção primária à saúde (APS). Utilizaram-se dados secundários, obtidos no Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica e no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN). Em 2021, 74,8% dos 5.504 municípios que receberam o incentivo financeiro apresentaram aumento no número de atendimentos individuais para a condição avaliada como obesidade na APS, em relação a 2020. O número de pessoas identificadas com obesidade e o número de atendimentos individuais para esta condição foram maiores em 2021 do que nos demais anos analisados (2017 a 2020). Na comparação de 2021 com 2020 (ano de recebimento do incentivo financeiro), observou-se que o percentual de aumento de atendimentos individuais foi superior ao percentual de aumento de pessoas com obesidade registradas no SISVAN (77,6% vs. 39,1%). Em conclusão, incentivos financeiros federais, canalizados para o fortalecimento do cuidado às pessoas com obesidade no âmbito da APS, figuram como importantes mecanismos de indução de ações em nível local.

Abstract This descriptive ecological study sought to analyze the inductive role of a federal financial incentive passed on to Brazilian municipalities in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, in increasing the number of individual consultations for the condition of obesity in primary health care (PHC). Secondary data obtained from the Health Information System for Primary Care and from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) were used. In 2021, 74.8% of the 5,504 municipalities that received the financial incentive, showed an increase in the number of individual obesity consultations in PHC, compared to 2020. The number of people identified with obesity and the number of individual visits for this condition were higher in 2021 than in the other years analyzed (2017 to 2020). Comparing 2021 with 2020 (year of receipt of the financial incentive), it was observed that the percentage of increase in the number of individual consultations for the condition of obesity was higher than the increase in the number of people identified with obesity in the SISVAN (77.6 % vs. 39.1%). In conclusion, federal financial incentives for municipalities, channeled to enhance care for people with obesity within the scope of PHC, are important mechanisms for inducing actions at the local level.

RESUMO

Resumo Introdução O tratamento da obesidade grave é pouco estudado no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivo: Descrever clientela, atendimento e fatores associados à perda de peso em Centros de Referência em Obesidade (CRO), na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Método Coorte retrospectiva baseada em registros de prontuários de 317 indivíduos com obesidade grave atendidos em três CRO-RJ entre 2011 e 2016. Foram descritas frequências e estimados riscos relativos com IC 95% para perda de ≥ 5% do peso inicial aos 6 e 12 meses de tratamento. Resultados Predominaram mulheres (76,3%), negros (69,5%), com média de 44,6 anos (DP 11,9), tratamento prévio para obesidade (62,1%), história familiar de obesidade (42,6%) e 2 ou mais comorbidades (52%). A mediana do IMC inicial foi de 51,5 kg/m2, e a do tempo de tratamento, 10 meses. Somente 14,8% perderam ≥ 5% do peso inicial após 12 meses de tratamento, sendo o risco relativo de perda de peso 78% maior entre indivíduos brancos. Predominaram tratamento dietético e mudanças de hábitos de vida, com baixo uso de medicamentos antiobesidade (14%) e cirurgia bariátrica (3%, sendo 1% no SUS). Conclusão Os resultados do tratamento sugerem necessidade de readequar práticas terapêuticas às indicadas para indivíduos com superobesidade, inclusive maior acesso à cirurgia bariátrica.

Abstract Background There are few studies on severe obesity in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Objective To describe patients, treatment approaches and factors associated with weight loss at the Obesity Reference Centers (CRO), in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Method Retrospective cohort study based on medical records of 317 patients with severe obesity admitted to three CRO-RJ, between 2011 and 2016. Frequencies were described and relative risks with 95% CI of ≥ 5% loss of body weight at 6 and 12 months of treatment were estimated. Results Patients were mainly black (69.5%), women (76.3%), mean age 44.6 years (SD 11.9), reporting ≥ 2 comorbidities (52%), previous treatment (62.1%) and family history of obesity (42.6%). The initial mean BMI was 51.5 kg/m2; average treatment time was 10 months. 14.8% lost ≥ 5% of the initial weight after 12 months of treatment and the relative risk of weight loss was 78% higher among white patients. Approaches based on diet and changes in lifestyle predominated. 14% used anti-obesity drugs and 3% underwent bariatric surgery (1% in the SUS). Conclusion Treatment results suggest the need to adjust management to follow treatment guidelines for superobesity, including bariatric surgery.

Resumen Introducción El tratamiento de la obesidad severa está poco estudiado en el SUS. Objetivo Describir la clientela, el manejo y los factores asociados con la pérdida de peso en los Centros de Referencia para la Obesidad (CRO), en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Método Cohorte retrospectiva basada en registros médicos de 317 individuos con obesidad severa tratados en tres CRO-RJ entre 2011 y 2016. Se describieron las frecuencias y estimaron riesgos relativos con un IC del 95% para la pérdida de ≥ 5% del peso inicial a los 6 y 12 meses de tratamiento. Resultados Predominaron las mujeres (76.3%), negros (69.5%), con una media de 44.6 años (DE 11.9), tratamiento previo (62.1%), antecedentes familiares de obesidad (42.6%) y dos o más comorbilidades (52.0%). La mediana del IMC inicial fue de 51.5 kg/m2 y el tiempo de tratamiento fue de 10 meses. Solo el 14.8% perdió ≥ 5% de su peso inicial después de 12 meses de tratamiento, con un riesgo de pérdida de peso 78% mayor entre los individuos blancos. Predominaron el tratamiento dietético y los cambios en los hábitos de estilo de vida, con un bajo uso de medicamentos contra la obesidad (14%) y cirugía bariátrica (3%, 1% en SUS). Conclusión Los resultados del tratamiento sugieren la necesidad de reajustar las prácticas terapéuticas a las indicadas en la superobesidad, incluido un mayor acceso a la cirugía bariátrica.

RESUMO

The aim of this article is to assess the odds ratio of hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 in people with obesity using data from residents of Espírito Santo, Brazil. An observational, quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out from the database available on the official channel of the State Health Secretariat of Espírito Santo. Crude odds ratio estimates (ORs) referring to the association between variables were calculated, as well as adjusted odds ratios (adjusted odds ratios-OR adj.) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%). The results indicate that men, non-white, no education or with lower education level and age over 40 years old were more likely to be hospitalized and died of COVID-19. People with obesity are at risk of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 54% and 113% higher than people who do not have obesity. People with obesity had a higher chance of hospitalization when they were over 40 years old, had breathing difficulty, and the comorbidities diabetes (2.18 higher) and kidney disease (4.10 higher). The odds ratio of death for people with obesity over 60 years old was 12.51 higher, and those who were hospitalized was 17.9 higher compared to those who were not hospitalized.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de fatores sociodemográficos e da prática de atividade física com sintomas sugestivos de ansiedade e depressão em adultos durante a pandemia de Covid-19 no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, com 1.019 participantes adultos residentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, realizado através de uma amostragem bola de neve. Resultados: sintomas de ansiedade estavam associados ao sexo feminino, em adultas jovens, com o ato de limpar/arrumar a residência e à inatividade física. Os sintomas de depressão associaram-se ao sexo feminino, à divisão da casa com outras pessoas que não eram familiares, grau de escolaridade, renda e à inatividade física. Conclusão: fatores sociodemográficos e a inatividade física estão associados com os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia da COVID-19 (AU).

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of sociodemographic factors and the practice of physical activity with symptoms suggestive of anxiety and depression in adults during the Covid-19 pandemic, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study with 1,019 adult participants residing in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil carried out through a snowball sampling technique. Results: Anxiety symptoms were associated with being female, being young adults, cleaning/tidying the house, and physical inactivity. Depression symptoms were associated with female gender, sharing the house with other people who were not family members, level of education, income and physical inactivity. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors and physical inactivity are associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic (AU).

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, durante la pandemia COVID-19, con la práctica de actividades físicas y factores sociodemográficos. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal con 1.019 participantes adultos residentes en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, realizado a través de un muestreo de bola de nieve. Resultados: Síntomas de ansiedad asociados con mujeres, adultos jóvenes, con el acto de limpiar / ordenar la casa e inactividad física. Los síntomas depresivos se asociaron con el género femenino, compartir la casa con otras personas que no eran familiares, nivel de educación, ingresos e inactividad física. Conclusión: Los factores sociodemográficos y la inactividad física se asocian con síntomas de ansiedad y depresión durante una pandemia de COVID-19 (AU).

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 2009 and 2018. METHODS: This was an ecological study, with data from the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN). Overweight and obesity were classified as recommended by the World Health Organization. Prais-Winsten regression was used to estimate the trend of the prevalence. RESULTS: There was an increasing trend of overweight (5.5 to 8.6%) and obesity (4.4 to 8.3%), in both sexes and in different regions of the state. In the stratified analysis, there was an increase in overweight and obesity in children, adolescents and adult women (4.2 to 8.6%; p<0.05). Obesity increased among male adolescents, in the south, central and north regions of the state, while in the south region, in all age groups (5.1% growth; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: There was an increase in overweight and obesity in Espírito Santo, from 2009 to 2018.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O campo científico da nutrição emerge com maior intensidade no início do século XX, sendo considerado um fenômeno relativamente recente. No Brasil, a formação do nutricionista teve início na década de 1940, quando se obteve a primeira geração de médicos nutrólogos e a criação dos quatro primeiros cursos do país. Estudos sobre a inserção dos nutricionistas no âmbito do SUS são escassos. Assim, o presente artigo tem por objetivo avaliar a tendência temporal da inserção de nutricionistas nos Sistema Único de Saúde no período de 2009 a 2018. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, realizado a partir de dados secundários fornecidos pelo IBGE e CNES. A análise dos dados possibilitou a obtenção da quantidade e distribuição de nutricionistas por região/unidade da federação e ano de competência. A tabulação dos dados foi realizada no TabWin versão 4.15 e as análises foram realizadas com o uso dos Softwares Microsoft Excel 2016® e Stata 15.0. Observou-se uma tendência temporal de aumento do número de nutricionistas no país com velocidade maior de crescimento na região nordeste e menor na região sudeste, que registrou a maior densidade de profissionais. A região norte apresentou o menor número de nutricionistas. Acredita-se que o perfil observado pode estar relacionado com a oferta salarial, com características específicas e com a intensidade de criação dos cursos de nutrição em cada região.

The scientific field of nutrition emerged with greater intensity at the beginning of the 20th century and is considered a relatively recent phenomenon. In Brazil, the training of a nutritionist began in the 1940s, when the first generation of medical nutritionists was obtained as well as the creation of the first four courses in the country. Studies on the insertion of nutritionists in the scope of UHS are scarce. Thus, this article aims to assess the temporal trend of the insertion of nutritionists in the Unified Health System from 2009 to 2018. This is an observational, descriptive study, carried out from secondary data provided by BIGS and NRHF. Data analysis made it possible to obtain the quantity and distribution of nutritionists by region/federation unit and year of competence. The data were tabulated using TabWin version 4.15, and the analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2016® and Stata 15.0 software. There was a temporal trend towards an increase in the number of nutritionists in the country, with a higher growth rate in the northeast region and a lower one in the southeast region, which registered the highest density of professionals. The northern region had the lowest number of nutritionists. It is believed that the profile observed may be related to the salary offered, specific characteristics, and the intensity of nutrition courses created in each region.

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analisar tendências nas prevalências do sobrepeso e obesidade no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, entre 2009 e 2018. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, com dados do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. O sobrepeso e a obesidade foram classificados conforme preconiza a Organização Mundial da Saúde. Realizou-se regressão linear (Prais-Winsten) para estimar a tendência da prevalência. Resultados: Observou-se tendência crescente de sobrepeso (5,5 a 8,6%) e obesidade (4,4 a 8,3%), em ambos os sexos e nas diferentes regiões do estado. Na análise estratificada, houve aumento de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças, adolescentes e adultos do sexo feminino (4,2 a 8,6%; p<0,05). No sexo masculino, nas regiões norte, central e sul do estado, a obesidade cresceu entre adolescentes, enquanto na região sul, em todas as faixas etárias (crescimento de 5,1%; p=0,01). Conclusão: Houve aumento do sobrepeso e da obesidade no Espírito Santo, de 2009 a 2018.

Objetivo: Analizar tendencias en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en el estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil, de 2009-2018. Métodos: Estudio ecológico utilizando datos del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional. El sobrepeso y la obesidad se clasificaron según recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se realizó regresión lineal (Prais-Winsten) para estimar la tendencia de prevalencia. Resultados: Se observó una tendencia creciente al sobrepeso (5,5 a 8,6%) y a la obesidad (4,4 a 8,3%), en ambos sexos y regiones. En el análisis estratificado, hubo aumento de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños, adolescentes y mujeres adultas (4,2 a 8,6%; p<0,05). En los hombres, la obesidad aumentó entre los adolescentes de las regiones norte, centro y sur del estado y hubo un aumento de la obesidad (5,1%; p=0,01) en todas las edades en la región sur. Conclusión: Hubo un aumento del sobrepeso y la obesidad de 2009 a 2018 en Espírito Santo.

Objective To analyze trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 2009 and 2018. Methods This was an ecological study, with data from the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN). Overweight and obesity were classified as recommended by the World Health Organization. Prais-Winsten regression was used to estimate the trend of the prevalence. Results There was an increasing trend of overweight (5.5 to 8.6%) and obesity (4.4 to 8.3%), in both sexes and in different regions of the state. In the stratified analysis, there was an increase in overweight and obesity in children, adolescents and adult women (4,2 a 8,6%; p<0,05). Obesity increased among male adolescents, in the south, central and north regions of the state, while in the south region, in all age groups (5.1% growth; p=0.01). Conclusion There was an increase in overweight and obesity in Espírito Santo, from 2009 to 2018.

Assuntos