RESUMO
This study aimed to analyze the role of period, geographic and socio demographic factors in cancer-related mortality by prostate, breast, cervix, colon, lung and esophagus cancer in Brazilians capitals (2000-2015). Ecological study using data of Brazilian Mortality Information. Multilevel Poisson models were used to estimate the adjusted risk of cancer mortality. Mortality rate levels were higher in males for colon, lung and esophageal cancers. Mortality rates were highest in the older. Our results showed an increased risk of colon cancer mortality in both sexes from 2000 to 2015, which was also evidenced for breast and lung cancers in women. In both genders, the highest mortality risk for lung and esophageal cancers was observed in Southern capitals. Midwestern, Southern and Southeastern capitals showed the highest mortality risk for colon cancer both for males and females. Colon cancer mortality rate increased for both genders, while breast and lung cancers mortality increased only for women. The North region showed the lowest mortality rate for breast, cervical, colon and esophageal cancers. The Midwest and Northeast regions showed the highest mortality rates for prostate cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Colo do Útero , Colo , Esôfago , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão , Masculino , Análise Multinível , PróstataRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to analyze the role of period, geographic and socio demographic factors in cancer-related mortality by prostate, breast, cervix, colon, lung and esophagus cancer in Brazilians capitals (2000-2015). Ecological study using data of Brazilian Mortality Information. Multilevel Poisson models were used to estimate the adjusted risk of cancer mortality. Mortality rate levels were higher in males for colon, lung and esophageal cancers. Mortality rates were highest in the older. Our results showed an increased risk of colon cancer mortality in both sexes from 2000 to 2015, which was also evidenced for breast and lung cancers in women. In both genders, the highest mortality risk for lung and esophageal cancers was observed in Southern capitals. Midwestern, Southern and Southeastern capitals showed the highest mortality risk for colon cancer both for males and females. Colon cancer mortality rate increased for both genders, while breast and lung cancers mortality increased only for women. The North region showed the lowest mortality rate for breast, cervical, colon and esophageal cancers. The Midwest and Northeast regions showed the highest mortality rates for prostate cancer.
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o papel de fatores temporais, geográficos e sociodemográficos na mortalidade por câncer de próstata, mama, colo do útero, cólon, pulmão e esôfago nas capitais brasileiras (2000-2015). Estudo ecológico utilizando informações brasileiras de mortalidade. Modelos de Poisson multinível foram usados para estimar o risco ajustado de mortalidade por câncer. Os níveis de mortalidade foram maiores em homens para câncer de cólon, pulmão e esôfago. As taxas de mortalidade foram mais altas nos idosos. Nossos resultados mostraram risco aumentado de mortalidade por câncer de cólon em ambos os sexos de 2000 a 2015, o que também foi evidenciado para câncer de mama e de pulmão em mulheres. Em ambos os sexos, o maior risco de mortalidade para câncer de pulmão e esôfago foi observado nas capitais do Sul. As capitais do Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste apresentaram o maior risco de mortalidade por câncer de cólon tanto para homens quanto para mulheres. A taxa de mortalidade por câncer de cólon aumentou para ambos os sexos, enquanto a mortalidade por câncer de mama e de pulmão aumentou apenas para as mulheres. A região Norte apresentou a menor taxa de mortalidade por câncer de mama, colo do útero, cólon e esôfago. As regiões Centro-Oeste e Nordeste apresentaram as maiores taxas de mortalidade por câncer de próstata.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Próstata , Colo do Útero , Colo , Esôfago , Análise Multinível , PulmãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT: This study aims to evaluate the ratio of the number of cases of family violence and violence by a known person, over the four surveys that took place in 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2011, within the population treated in the Brazilian health services, according to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Data from the Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes survey was used. The variables age, victim sex, aggressor sex, race, and schooling level were considered in the analysis. This study pointed out decreasing trend in the number of violence-related care within the older age group. The number of familial violence-related care per victim sex was higher for male victims when the aggressor was female, and conversely, it was higher for female victims when the aggressor was male. The number of violence-related care was mostly higher in non-White people than in White. People with low schooling levels showed the highest ratio of the number of violence-related care.
Assuntos
Violência Doméstica , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences between bladder emptying options (permanent catheterization and intermittent bladder emptying/spontaneous urination) regarding the effects on labor length, need of operative vaginal deliveries, and cesarean section rate. DATA SOURCES: The search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. SELECTION OF STUDIES: The survey returned 964 studies. A total of 719 studies were evaluated by title and abstract, of which 4 were selected for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION: All references were inserted in the Rayyan QCRI tool (Rayyan Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA). The full text of the selected articles was obtained so we could later decide whether or not to include them in this systematic review. DATA SYNTHESIS: No differences were found in the number of instrumented deliveries or in cesarean section rate between groups. CONCLUSIONS: After evaluating the studies performed on the topic, we concluded that there is no clear advantage to either method, although continuous catheterization was associated with a greater occurrence of eutocic births. In the remaining outcomes, there were no differences between catheterization types.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar as diferenças entre as opções de esvaziamento vesical (cateterismo permanente e esvaziamento vesical intermitente/micção espontânea) em relação aos efeitos na duração do trabalho de parto, necessidade de partos vaginais operatórios e taxa de cesárea. FONTES DE DADOS: A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, e The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. SELEçãO DE ESTUDOS: A pesquisa retornou 964 estudos. Um total de 719 estudos foram avaliados por título e resumo, dos quais 4 foram selecionados para inclusão. COLETA DE DADOS: Todas as referências foram inseridas na ferramenta Rayyan QCRI (Rayyan Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA, EUA). O texto completo dos artigos selecionados foi obtido para posterior decisão de incluí-los nesta revisão sistemática. SíNTESE DOS DADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças no número de partos instrumentados ou na taxa de cesariana entre os grupos. CONCLUSõES: Após avaliação dos estudos realizados sobre o tema, concluímos que não há vantagem clara de qualquer um dos métodos, embora o cateterismo contínuo tenha sido associado à maior ocorrência de partos eutócicos. Nos demais desfechos, não houve diferenças entre os tipos de cateterismo.
Assuntos
Cesárea , Trabalho de Parto , Cateterismo , Parto Obstétrico , Feminino , Humanos , Parto , GravidezRESUMO
Abstract Objective To evaluate the differences between bladder emptying options (permanent catheterization and intermittent bladder emptying/spontaneous urination) regarding the effects on labor length, need of operative vaginal deliveries, and cesarean section rate. Data Sources The search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Selection of Studies The survey returned 964 studies. A total of 719 studies were evaluated by title and abstract, of which 4 were selected for inclusion. Data Collection All references were inserted in the Rayyan QCRI tool (Rayyan Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA). The full text of the selected articles was obtained so we could later decide whether or not to include them in this systematic review. Data Synthesis No differences were found in the number of instrumented deliveries or in cesarean section rate between groups. Conclusions After evaluating the studies performed on the topic, we concluded that there is no clear advantage to either method, although continuous catheterization was associated with a greater occurrence of eutocic births. In the remaining outcomes, there were no differences between catheterization types.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as diferenças entre as opções de esvaziamento vesical (cateterismo permanente e esvaziamento vesical intermitente/micção espontânea) em relação aos efeitos na duração do trabalho de parto, necessidade de partos vaginais operatórios e taxa de cesárea. Fontes de Dados A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, e The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Seleção de Estudos A pesquisa retornou 964 estudos. Um total de 719 estudos foram avaliados por título e resumo, dos quais 4 foram selecionados para inclusão. Coleta de Dados Todas as referências foram inseridas na ferramenta Rayyan QCRI (Rayyan Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA, EUA). O texto completo dos artigos selecionados foi obtido para posterior decisão de incluí-los nesta revisão sistemática. Síntese dos Dados Não foram encontradas diferenças no número de partos instrumentados ou na taxa de cesariana entre os grupos. Conclusões Após avaliação dos estudos realizados sobre o tema, concluímos que não hávantagem clara de qualquer um dos métodos, embora o cateterismo contínuo tenha sido associado à maior ocorrência de partos eutócicos. Nos demais desfechos, não houve diferenças entre os tipos de cateterismo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Trabalho de Parto , Cesárea , Cateterismo , Parto Obstétrico , PartoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: this study aims to estimate the rate of death by cancer as a result of Radio Base Station (RBS) radiofrequency exposure, especially for breast, cervix, lung, and esophagus cancers. METHODS: we collected information on the number of deaths by cancer, gender, age group, gross domestic product per capita, death year, and the amount of exposure over a lifetime. We investigated all cancer types and some specific types (breast, cervix, lung, and esophagus cancers). RESULTS: in capitals where RBS radiofrequency exposure was higher than 2000/antennas-year, the average mortality rate was 112/100,000 for all cancers. The adjusted analysis showed that, the higher the exposure to RBS radiofrequency, the higher cancer mortality was. The highest adjusted risk was observed for cervix cancer (rate ratio = 2.18). The spatial analysis showed that the highest RBS radiofrequency exposure was observed in a city in southern Brazil that also showed the highest mortality rate for all types of cancer and specifically for lung and breast cancer. CONCLUSION: the balance of our results indicates that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from RBS increases the rate of death for all types of cancer.
Assuntos
Telefone Celular , Neoplasias , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cidades , Campos Eletromagnéticos/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Ondas de Rádio/efeitos adversosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Disability follows the rapid rate of population ageing, imposing a huge burden on society. Functional assessment in older people can identify predictors of disability. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the incidence and the risk factors for disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in older adults over six years. METHODS: Six year-follow up study initiated in 2010. The baseline non-probabilistic sample consisted of 180 independent community dwelling individuals aged 60 and over. The procedures comprised an interview with sociodemographic data, questions about falls, urinary incontinence, self-rated health, and assessment of ADL, IADL, mobility, depression, vision, hearing, cognition, nutrition, grip strength and social support. The second research was carried out by telephone and assessed ADL and IADL. Logistic regression models calculated the odds of disability in ADL and IADL according to the age, sex and all other variables. RESULTS: At six-year follow-up, 118 participants were still alive (65.6%), 31 died (17%) and other 31 were missed (17%). The incidence of disability to performADL and IADL were 25.4% and 32.3%, respectively. The regression logistic models revealed thaturinary incontinence (OR = 3.2; P = 0.03) and insufficient emotional support (OR = 3.8; P = 0.04) were associated with ADL disability, while visual problems (OR: 2.9; P = 0.03) and insufficient emotional support (OR: 5.6; P = 0.01) were associated with IADL disability. CONCLUSION: The current study has identified that insufficient emotional support, visual problems and urinary incontinence are associated with disability in older adults. The routine assessment of these problems in the primary care clinics enable the implementation of strategies aimed at reducing or postponing disability. Educating patients and families will also enable better choices to reduce the risk of functional decline.
Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Emoções , Vida Independente/psicologia , Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Visão/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Avaliação da Deficiência , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Vida Independente/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pobreza/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Apoio Social , Incontinência Urinária/complicações , Incontinência Urinária/psicologia , Transtornos da Visão/complicações , Transtornos da Visão/psicologiaRESUMO
Podemos dizer que a satisfação laboral influencia a felicidade através da generalização das emoções do trabalho para a vida fora deste. O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar e comparar a relação entre satisfação laboral e felicidade em portugueses e brasileiros. Participaram desta investigação 1015 sujeitos, 381 (37.5%) portugueses e 634 (62.5%) brasileiros. Os resultados indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as dimensões da satisfação laboral satisfação com o salário e satisfação com as promoções e entre a dimensão "emoções positivas", componente da felicidade; maior magnitude na correlação entre as variáveis nos brasileiros e que entre estes o impacto da satisfação laboral na felicidade foi maior. Como aplicação prática, os resultados indicaram que as práticas de gestão de pessoas voltadas para a manutenção da satisfação laboral possuem relevância na promoção da felicidade nas duas populações, apesar das singularidades encontradas. Consideraram-se, ainda, algumas limitações e direções para futuras investigações.
One can say that job satisfaction influences happiness through the generalization of emotions, from work to life outside of work. The objective of this article was to investigate and compare the relationship between job satisfaction and happiness, between Portuguese and Brazilians. A total of 1,015 subjects participated in this study, 381 (37.5%) Portuguese and 634 (62.5%) Brazilians. Results indicated statistically significant differences between the dimensions of job satisfaction satisfaction with salary and satisfaction with promotions and "positive emotions", a component of happiness. The correlation between these variables was stronger for Brazilians, and the impact of job satisfaction on happiness was higher for them as well. In practical application, the results indicated that personnel management policies emphasizing job satisfaction could potentially lead to improvements in levels happiness in both populations, despite the singularities found. We also considered some limitations and directions for future investigations.
Podemos decir que la satisfacción laboral influencia a la felicidad a través de la generalización de las emociones del trabajo para la vida fuera de este. El objetivo de este artículo es investigar y comparar la relación entre satisfacción laboral y felicidad en portugueses y brasileños. Participaron de esta investigación 1015 sujetos, 381 (37.5%) portugueses y 634 (62.5%) brasileños. Los resultados indicaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dimensiones de la satisfacción laboral -satisfacción con el sueldo y satisfacción con las promociones- y entre la dimensión "emociones positivas", componente de la felicidad; mayor magnitud en la correlación entre las variables entre los brasileños y que entre estos el impacto de la satisfacción laboral en la felicidad fue mayor. Como aplicación práctica, los resultados indicaron que las prácticas de gestión de personas orientadas para la manutención de la satisfacción laboral poseen relevancia en la promoción de la felicidad en las dos poblaciones, a pesar de las singularidades encontradas. Todavía se consideran algunas limitaciones y direcciones para futuras investigaciones.