RESUMO

With the increase in the life expectancy of domestic animals and their increasingly affectionate relationship with their owners, it is possible to observe an increase in cases of neoplasms in these animals. Mammary neoplasia mainly affects older females who have not been castrated, due to hormonal dependence for the development of the tumour. The main form of treatment is surgery. This study aims to carry out an updated review on mammary neoplasms in female dogs covering the anatomy, physiology, prevalence, causes, diagnoses, treatments, prevention and prognosis, based on scientific articles by renowned researchers.

RESUMO

O Brasil tem enfrentado sérios problemas com o abastecimento de fertilizantes potássicos nos últimos anos. Isso tem causado a elevação dos preços e até mesmo escassez do principal fertilizante potássico utilizado pelos produtores, o cloreto de potássio. Por isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar um silicato de potássio nacional (K6) como fonte alternativa ao uso do cloreto de potássio para a cultura do feijão-vagem. Para tanto, sementes de feijão-vagem cv. Macarrão Rasteiro foram semeadas a campo em espaçamento de 0,50 x 0,20 m. Empregou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da seguinte maneira: (i) testemunha ­ sem adubação potássica; (ii) cloreto de potássio; (iii) silicato de potássio ­ K6; (iv) 50% cloreto de potássio + 50% K6. Os fertilizantes foram aplicados no momento da semeadura e as doses determinadas com base na análise de solo e nas recomendações para a cultura. Foi realizada avaliação de altura de plantas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca de vagens, estimativa de produtividade e ocorrência de oídio, através de notas de severidade. Verificou-se que não houve influência da adubação potássica sobre o crescimento das plantas. De maneira geral, a produtividade de vagens apresentou baixa influência da adubação. Entretanto, a produtividade total de vagens foi maior em plantas adubadas com K6 em comparação a plantas adubadas com cloreto de potássio. A aplicação de K6 também contribuiu para a redução da severidade de oídio. Dessa forma, nós concluímos que o K6 é uma fonte de potássio viável em substituição ao cloreto de potássio para o feijão-vagem. (AU)

Brazil has faced serious problems with the supply of potassium fertilizers in recent years. This has caused prices to rise and even shortages of the main potassium fertilizer used by producers, potassium chloride. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate a national potassium silicate (K6) as an alternative source to the use of potassium chloride for the green beans crop. For this purpose, green beans seeds cv. Macarrão Rasteiro were sown in the field at a spacing of 0.50 x 0.20 m. A randomized block design with four treatments and five replications was used. The treatments were constituted as follows: (i) control ­ without potassium fertilization; (ii) potassium chloride; (iii) potassium silicate - K6; (iv) 50% potassium chloride + 50% K6. Fertilizers were applied at the time of sowing and doses were determined based on soil analysis and recommendations for the crop. Plant height, shoot fresh and dry mass, pod fresh and dry mass, yield estimation and occurrence of powdery mildew were evaluated through severity scores. It was found that in terms of plant growth, there was no influence of potassium fertilization on plant growth. In addition, pod productivity showed a reduction throughout the evaluation period and little influence of fertilization. However, total pod productivity was higher in plants that received K6 compared to plants fertilized with potassium chloride. The application of K6 also contributed to the reduction of powdery mildew severity. Thus, we conclude that K6 is a viable source of potassium in substitution of potassium chloride for the green beans.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Neoplasms account for approximately half of the deaths of dogs over ten years of age. This finding, associated with the fact that canine cancer patients will often suffer from the consequences of the systemic spread of the tumour and paraneoplastic syndromes, shows the importance of understanding palliative care by veterinarians and owners. In view of this, this review aims to address palliative care that can be used in veterinary medicine to promote the patient's well-being and quality of life.

RESUMO

Modifications in the microbiota caused by environmental and genetic reasons can unbalance the intestinal homeostasis, deregulating the host's metabolism and immune system, intensifying the risk factors for the development and aggravation of non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD). The use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have been considered a potential and promising strategy to regulate the gut microbiota and produce beneficial effects in patients with liver conditions. For this reason, this review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in patients with NAFLD and NASH. Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were consulted, and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines were followed. The clinical trials used in this study demonstrated that gut microbiota interventions could improve a wide range of markers of inflammation, glycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, liver injury (decrease of hepatic enzymes and steatosis and fibrosis). Although microbiota modulators do not play a healing role, they can work as an important adjunct therapy in pathological processes involving NAFLD and its spectrums, either by improving the intestinal barrier or by preventing the formation of toxic metabolites for the liver or by acting on the immune system.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The study of propolis and the amniotic membrane as alternatives to promote the acceleration of healing has grown considerably. These products have shown to be easy to use, have bactericidal or bacteriostatic action and are affordable. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the action of the amniotic membrane of bitches and propolis in the healing of surgical wounds. To evaluate the efficacy of these methods the time for conclusion of the healing process of both groups was compared with a control group. In addition, the inflammatory response of each group was also evaluated to identify which alternative method could induce a better response in the healing process compared to the control group. For this purpose, 27 animals, Rattus norvegicus, variety Wistar, were used. Rats were separated into 3 groups with 9 animals each. Group I represented the 25% alcoholic propolis solution; Group II, Amniotic membrane; Group III was Control group. Wounds were assessed macroscopically for the lesion area, and microscopically for the histological quality of each wound layer and the intensity of inflammation and collagen deposition. After the macroscopic analysis, it was observed that there were no statistical differences among the 3 groups (p> 0.05) relevant to accelerate the healing process in terms of presence of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, collagen, neovascularization, granulation tissue and re-epithelialization.(AU)

O estudo da própolis e da membrana amniótica como alternativa para promover a aceleração da cicatrização vem crescendo bastante, numa tentativa de buscar métodos alternativos para cicatrização de feridas que apresentem fácil utilização, ação bactericida ou bacteriostática e tenha custo acessível. Com o presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a ação da membrana amniótica de cadelas e da própolis na cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas, comparando o tempo no processo de cicatrização com o grupo controle e a resposta inflamatória de cada um, de maneira a identificar qual método alternativo induzirá melhor res-posta no processo de cicatrização em comparação ao grupo controle. Para tanto, foram utilizados 27 animais, Rattus norve-gicus, variedade Wistar, separados em três grupos com nove animais cada, sendo Grupo I solução alcoólica de própolis a 25%; Grupo II Membrana amniótica de cadelas; Grupo III Grupo controle. As feridas foram avaliadas macroscopica-mente quanto à área da lesão, e microscopicamente quanto à qualidade histológica de cada leito da ferida e à intensidade de inflamação e deposição de colágeno. Após a análise macroscópica, constatou-se que não houve diferenças estatísticas (p>0,05) relevantes para acelerar o processo cicatricial, quanto a presença de células inflamatórias, fibroblastos, colágeno, neovasculari-zação, tecido de granulação e reepitelização, perante os tratamentos alternativos e o grupo controle no processo de cicatrização.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The study of propolis and the amniotic membrane as alternatives to promote the acceleration of healing has grown considerably. These products have shown to be easy to use, have bactericidal or bacteriostatic action and are affordable. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the action of the amniotic membrane of bitches and propolis in the healing of surgical wounds. To evaluate the efficacy of these methods the time for conclusion of the healing process of both groups was compared with a control group. In addition, the inflammatory response of each group was also evaluated to identify which alternative method could induce a better response in the healing process compared to the control group. For this purpose, 27 animals, Rattus norvegicus, variety Wistar, were used. Rats were separated into 3 groups with 9 animals each. Group I represented the 25% alcoholic propolis solution; Group II, Amniotic membrane; Group III was Control group. Wounds were assessed macroscopically for the lesion area, and microscopically for the histological quality of each wound layer and the intensity of inflammation and collagen deposition. After the macroscopic analysis, it was observed that there were no statistical differences among the 3 groups (p> 0.05) relevant to accelerate the healing process in terms of presence of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, collagen, neovascularization, granulation tissue and re-epithelialization.

O estudo da própolis e da membrana amniótica como alternativa para promover a aceleração da cicatrização vem crescendo bastante, numa tentativa de buscar métodos alternativos para cicatrização de feridas que apresentem fácil utilização, ação bactericida ou bacteriostática e tenha custo acessível. Com o presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a ação da membrana amniótica de cadelas e da própolis na cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas, comparando o tempo no processo de cicatrização com o grupo controle e a resposta inflamatória de cada um, de maneira a identificar qual método alternativo induzirá melhor res-posta no processo de cicatrização em comparação ao grupo controle. Para tanto, foram utilizados 27 animais, Rattus norve-gicus, variedade Wistar, separados em três grupos com nove animais cada, sendo Grupo I – solução alcoólica de própolis a 25%; Grupo II – Membrana amniótica de cadelas; Grupo III – Grupo controle. As feridas foram avaliadas macroscopica-mente quanto à área da lesão, e microscopicamente quanto à qualidade histológica de cada leito da ferida e à intensidade de inflamação e deposição de colágeno. Após a análise macroscópica, constatou-se que não houve diferenças estatísticas (p>0,05) relevantes para acelerar o processo cicatricial, quanto a presença de células inflamatórias, fibroblastos, colágeno, neovasculari-zação, tecido de granulação e reepitelização, perante os tratamentos alternativos e o grupo controle no processo de cicatrização.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is an important anthropozoonosis. The study investigated the presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and detection of Leptospira spp DNA in the urine as well as the biochemical profile in Neotropical wild primates living in a forest reserve from Southeast São Paulo State, Brazil. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from 50 adult tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus). Urine samples were obtained only from male primates. The screening for antibodies against Leptospira spp was evaluated by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Leptospira DNA in the urine was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) considering the target gene LipL32. Biochemical profile was evaluated by using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The MAT results included 39 (78%) serum reactive animals with the proportions of 28/39 males and 11/39 females. The most frequent reactive serogroups were Icterohemorrhagiae, Canicola, and Autumnalis. All urine samples were negative for leptospiral DNA. There were no significant differences between sexes for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase values, but alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, glucose, and urea were significantly higher in males. CONCLUSIONS: Tufted capuchin monkeys were sera reactive against leptospirosis. Prevalence was similar for the 2 sexes. Leptospiral DNA was not detected in the urine of sera reactive primates tested by the MAT method. ALT, creatinine, glucose, and urea values were higher in male animals.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Pain in the cancer patient is an important clinical manifestation that results in low life expectancy and poor prognosis. Pain may be related to tumor type, invasion of adjacent tissues, metastasis, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with variable response to analgesic therapy. Many studies have called attention due to their potential therapeutic effect in the modulation of pain and inflammation. Cannabinoid derivatives are chemical compounds obtained from Cannabis that act on specific receptors.Several commercial products have already been approved in Europe and the USA for use in human patients. The present study aimed to review articles on the use of cannabinoids in the control of pain contributing to the well-being and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing palliative care. Although, there are few reports in the veterinary medical literature on the use of cannabinoids in the control of pain in dogs, it is believed that such patients can benefit from this therapeutic modality.(AU)

A dor no paciente com câncer é uma manifestação clínica importante que resulta em baixa perspectiva de vida e pior prognóstico. Esta dor pode estar relacionada ao tipo de tumor, à invasão em tecidos adjacentes, metástases, procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos, com resposta variável à terapêutica analgésica. Muitos estudos têm chamado atenção para os derivados canabinoides, substâncias químicas obtidas a partir da Canabis que atuam em receptores específicos, por seu potencial efeito terapêutico na modulação da dor e da inflamação. Vários produtos comerciais já tiveram seu uso aprovado na Europa e EUA para uso em pacientes humanos. Objetivou-se pesquisar artigos sobre o uso de canabinoides no controle da dor no intuito de que os mesmos possam contribuir para o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida em pacientes oncológicos sob cuidado paliativo. Apesar de ainda serem escassos os relatos na medicina veterinária sobre o uso de canabinoides no controle da dor em cães, acredita-se que tais pacientes podem ser beneficiados por esta modalidade terapêutica.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Pain in the cancer patient is an important clinical manifestation that results in low life expectancy and poor prognosis. Pain may be related to tumor type, invasion of adjacent tissues, metastasis, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with variable response to analgesic therapy. Many studies have called attention due to their potential therapeutic effect in the modulation of pain and inflammation. Cannabinoid derivatives are chemical compounds obtained from Cannabis that act on specific receptors.Several commercial products have already been approved in Europe and the USA for use in human patients. The present study aimed to review articles on the use of cannabinoids in the control of pain contributing to the well-being and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing palliative care. Although, there are few reports in the veterinary medical literature on the use of cannabinoids in the control of pain in dogs, it is believed that such patients can benefit from this therapeutic modality.

RESUMO: A dor no paciente com câncer é uma manifestação clínica importante que resulta em baixa perspectiva de vida e pior prognóstico. Esta dor pode estar relacionada ao tipo de tumor, à invasão em tecidos adjacentes, metástases, procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos, com resposta variável à terapêutica analgésica. Muitos estudos têm chamado atenção para os derivados canabinoides, substâncias químicas obtidas a partir da Canabis que atuam em receptores específicos, por seu potencial efeito terapêutico na modulação da dor e da inflamação. Vários produtos comerciais já tiveram seu uso aprovado na Europa e EUA para uso em pacientes humanos. Objetivou-se pesquisar artigos sobre o uso de canabinoides no controle da dor no intuito de que os mesmos possam contribuir para o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida em pacientes oncológicos sob cuidado paliativo. Apesar de ainda serem escassos os relatos na medicina veterinária sobre o uso de canabinoides no controle da dor em cães, acredita-se que tais pacientes podem ser beneficiados por esta modalidade terapêutica.